肝豆状核变性18例临床分析

目的分析肝豆状核变性患者的临床资料,提高对该病的认识。方法对郑州大学第二附属医院2005-01~2010-12收治的18例肝豆状核变性患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,应用SPSS10.0统计分析软件进行统计分析,数据分析采用Fisher确切概率法,K-W检验和t检验。结果 18例患者中,肝型6例,神经型3例,肝神经型9例;K-F环阳性率为88.2%;血清铜蓝蛋白均降低;73.3%患者24 h尿铜升高;K-F环阳性率、铜蓝蛋白、24 h尿铜在不同临床类型中的差异无统计学意义。8例患者腹部彩超异常,2例头颅CT异常,8例患者头颅MRI异常。14例应用青霉胺驱铜治疗,12例症状得到不同程度缓解。结论肝豆状核变性临床表现复杂多样,差异很大,应提高对肝豆状核变性的认识,以早期诊断、治疗本病。     

32例肝豆状核变性临床分析

目的分析肝豆状核变性患者临床资料,提高对此病认识。方法回顾分析1994年~2004年本院收治的32例肝豆状核变性患者临床资料。结果该病从发病到确诊时间中位数4.8年,临床表现以肝损害为主13例,以神经系统损害为主11例,二者兼有8例,角膜K-F环阳性28例,血铜蓝蛋白降低30例,头颅CT阳性发现11例。结论该病从发病到确诊时间长,临床表现可以肝损害为主或以神经系统损害为主或二者兼有,血铜蓝蛋白测定、K-F环检查和头颅CT检查对诊断具重要意义。     

肝豆状核变性56例临床分析

目的回顾分析肝豆状核变性患者临床资料,总结其临床特点。方法回顾分析1994-01～2011-01本院收治的56例肝豆状核变性患者临床资料。结果该病从发病到确诊时间中位数2.6 a;临床表现以肝损害为主26例,以神经系统损害为主16例,二者兼有14例;角膜K-F环阳性42例,血铜蓝蛋白降低52例,头颅CT或MRI阳性31例。结论该病从发病到确诊时间长。临床表现主要以肝损害为主或以神经系统损害为主或二者兼有,血铜蓝蛋白测定、K-F环检查、头颅CT和MRI检查对诊断具有重要意义。     

肝豆状核变性致复杂部分性发作癫疒间持续状态1例报告

肝豆状核变性致癫癎持续状态较少见,现报告1例如下.1病例女,18岁.因黄疸、乏力、反应迟钝10年,反复抽搐伴意识障碍3 d于2004年2月23日入院.患者8岁时因出现全身皮肤及巩膜黄染、乏力、反应迟钝、行走步态僵直,而至我院就诊.查体:肝肋下3.5 cm,脾肋下4 cm;角膜K-F环(+).血清铜蓝蛋白低(35.6 mg/L);B超显示有腹水.诊断:肝豆状核变性.予青霉胺0.125,每日3次,葡萄糖酸锌70 mg,4 h 1次,两年后以葡萄糖酸锌治疗.10年间,患者症状无反复,能正常学习及生活,但智力和体格发育较迟缓.     

32例肝豆状核变性临床分析

目的 分析肝豆状核变性患者临床资料，提高对此病认识。方法 回顾分析1994年-2004年本院收治的32例肝豆状核变性患者临床资料。结果 该病从发病到确诊时间中位数4．8年，临床表现以肝损害为主13例，以神经系统损害为主11例，二者兼有8例，角膜K-F环阳性28例，血铜蓝蛋白降低30例，头颅CT阳性发现11例。结论 该病从发病到确诊时间长，临床表现可以肝损害为主或以神经系统损害为主或二者兼有，血铜蓝蛋白测定、K—F环检查和头颅CT检查对诊断具重要意义。     

脑脊液铜测定在肝豆状核变性中的临床应用

目的研究肝豆状核变性患者脑脊液铜测定的临床意义。方法选取肝豆状核变性初诊患者40例进行神经症状评分,测定脑脊液铜、血清铜、尿铜、血脑屏障指数(AR值)、脑脊液烯醇化酶;正常对照20名。肝豆状核变性患者接受青霉胺治疗3个月后,再次进行神经症状评分和上述指标检查,并进行统计学分析。结果肝豆状核变性患者脑脊液铜明显高于对照组,脑型肝豆状核变性患者脑脊液铜(0.072±0.036mg/L)高于肝型患者(0.061±0.026mg/L,P<0.05)。脑型肝豆状核变性患者脑脊液铜量与神经症状评分呈正相关(r=0.282,P<0.05)。使用青霉胺治疗3个月后,神经症状加重的患者脑脊液铜较治疗前升高(治疗前:0.061±0.028mg/L;治疗后:0.090±0.021mg/L,P<0.05)。结论脑脊液铜可作为肝豆状核变性辅助诊断的一种方法,可为脑型患者神经症状的评估提供一个客观指标。     

肝豆状核变性37例临床分析

目的探讨肝豆状核变性的临床特点.方法回顾分析37例肝豆状核变性患者的临床表现.结果发病年龄6 ～ 46岁,平均年龄15.7岁.37例患者中脑型22例,内脏型8例,混合型6例,骨-肌型1例.首发症状为神经精神异常者25例,肝肾损害11例,其他2例.K-F环阳性36例,血清铜及铜蓝蛋白均降低,尿铜增加,尿隐血和(或)尿蛋白阳性12例.B超检查37例为肝损图像,其中有肝硬化脾肿大20例.头颅CT显示双侧尾状核、豆状核低密度灶31例,CT阴性6例中有3例MRI阳性.结论肝豆状核变性多见于青少年发病,以神经精神及肝肾损害表现为主,B超肝脾检查及头颅CT阳性高.     

肝豆状核变性58例临床特点与CT、MRI分析

目的分析肝豆状核变性的临床特点和CT、MRI表现特征及二者间的关系,以提高临床医生对该病的警惕性,避免误诊.方法回顾分析58例肝豆状核变性的临床表现,相关血生化指标,脑CT和MRI检查情况及误诊情况.结果58例中内脏型29例,脑型18例,混合型11例.K-F环阳性率87.9%.血清铜均提示铜代谢障碍.脑CT阳性率56.2%,脑MRI阳性率82.1%.早期误诊率93.1%,误诊病种多样,误诊时间半月～32年不等,早期确诊预后较好.结论肝豆状核变性临床表现复杂,尤其对儿童不明原因的肝损害、锥体外系病征者应及时作K-F环、CP及脑CT和MRI等检查,早诊早治,改善预后.     

以癫痫为首发症状的肝豆状核变性1例报告

肝豆状核变性又称Wilson病,是一种先天性铜代谢异常的常染色体隐性遗传病,其临床表现多样,多以肝病为首发,亦可出现肝外表现,如神经系统症状、K-F环、肾脏病、骨关节疾病或内分泌障碍.其中以癫痫为首发的患者临床上极为少见,现报道1例如下,旨在加强临床医生对该疾病的认识.     

脑型肝豆状核变性临床特征与MRI分析(附12例报告)

目的:探讨肝豆状核变性的临床特点与头颅MRI特征,为早期诊断及治疗提供参考。方法:回顾性归纳分析12例肝豆状核变性患者的临床表现及神经影像学特点。结果:平均发病年龄23.5岁;以锥体外系症状为首发10例;性格改变1例;学习成绩下降1例,K-F环均为阳性;头颅MRI特征为对称性基底节区、丘脑、中脑及桥脑异常信号。结论:肝豆状核变性临床表现多样,血清铜蓝蛋白检测、角膜K-F环及头颅MRI检查对诊断本病有重要意义。     

不典型性中枢神经系统Whipple病:一例报告并文献复习

目的结合文献探讨中枢神经系统Whipple病的诊断与治疗特点,以提高对该病的认识。方法回顾分析1例以头痛、左侧肢休无力,伴记忆力减退为首发症状的不典型性中枢神经系统Whipple病的临床诊断与治疗经过,并进行文献复习。结果女性患者,35岁。首发症状表现为头痛、肢体无力及记忆力减退,但不伴发热、癫癎发作。病程进展过程中相继出现阵发性四肢抽动、右侧下肢无力、小便失禁、多食、体质量增加、停经、体温波动,大剂量糖皮质激素及青露素、复方磺胺甲噁唑等抗炎药物治疗无效,随着颅内压逐渐升高,脑疝形成。腰椎穿刺脑脊液检测仅蛋广白定量显著升高。脑电图提示右侧前额颞区慢波。MRI呈以右侧大脑半球、额顶颢叶、半卵圆中心及基底节为主的大片长T₁、长T₂信号,并不均匀疏松团状强化,病灶周围水肿,占位效应明显,并累及左侧大脑半球。病理学检查呈现大片状坏死,脑组织及血管周围大量淋巴细胞和浆细胞浸润,伴大量格子细胞渗出,胞质丰富,内含大量六胺银和PAS染色阳性的细小颗粒状物质。排除中枢神经系统肿瘤、脱髓鞘病变及炎性假瘤等疾病。结论中枢神经系统Whipple病极为罕见,临床及影像学表现复杂多样,病理学检查仅能提示特殊感染,治疗困难,误诊率及病死率高。早期进行组织活检,结合临床表现及病理学特征可以明确诊断,经规范的抗生素治疗,患者可获得良好预后。     

不典型性中枢神经系统Whipple病：一例报告并文献复习

目的结合文献探讨中枢神经系统Whipple病的诊断与治疗特点,以提高对该病的认识。方法回顾分析1例以头痛、左侧肢体无力,伴记忆力减退为首发症状的不典型性中枢神经系统WhiPPle病的临床诊断与治疗经过,并进行文献复习。结果女性患者,35岁。首发症状表现为头痛、肢体无力及记忆力减退,但不伴发热、癫痫发作。病程进展过程中相继出现阵发性四肢抽动、右侧下肢无力、小便失禁、多食、体质量增加、停经、体温波动,大剂量糖皮质激素及青霉素、复方磺胺甲吧唑等抗炎药物治疗无效,随着颅内压逐渐升高,脑疝形成。腰椎穿刺脑脊液检测仅蛋白定量显著升高。脑电图提示右侧前额颞区慢波。MRI呈以右侧大脑半球、额顶颞叶、半卵圆中心及基底节为主的大片长T1、长T2信号,并不均匀疏松团状强化,病灶周围水肿,占位效应明显,并累及左侧大脑半球。病理学检查呈现大片状坏死,脑组织及血管周围大量淋巴细胞和浆细胞浸润,伴大量格子细胞渗出,胞质丰富,内含大量六胺银和PAS染色阳性的细小颗粒状物质。排除中枢神经系统肿瘤、脱髓鞘病变及炎性假瘤等疾病。结论中枢神经系统Whipple病极为罕见,临床及影像学表现复杂多样,病理学检查仅能提示特殊感染,治疗困难,误诊率及病死率高。早期进行组织活检,结合临床表现及病理学特征可以明确诊断,经规范的抗生素治疗,患者可获得良好预后。     

Whipple''s disease and the central nervous system a case report and a review of the literature

A 65-year-old man was suffering from recurrent manic psychosis accompanied by weight loss. He also had a history of pleural effusion, aspecific migratory non-deforming seronegative polyarthritis, sensorineural hearing loss and semicircular canal paresis. Whipple's disease (WD) had been diagnosed at the age of 63 years. On admission to hospital)he had weight loss, diarrhoea in combination with an organic, brain syndrome, hemiparesis and ophthalmoplegia, including internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO). A clinical diagnosis of central nervous system (CNS) WD was made. MRI revealed a thalamus lesion that halved in size during sulfamethoxazole-trimethop:rim treatment. The organic brain syndrome and ophthalmoplegia diminished also, as did the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) IgG level. A review of CNS WD is presented and implications for treatment are discussed.     

Pathogenic compound heterozygous ATP7B mutations with hypoceruloplasminaemia without clinical features of Wilson’s disease

The authors report a 44-year-old man with a history of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder, obsessive compulsive behaviour, vocal tics, depression, and anxiety, in whom a compound heterozygous ATP7B mutation was found, associated with hypoceruloplasminemia, but without clinical or pathological manifestation of Wilson’s disease (WD). Genetic testing revealed a compound heterozygous ATP7B mutation already described in WD, p.Met645Arg (C1934TG/c.51 + 4A → T). Hypoceruloplasminaemia was detected but no clinical manifestations (hepatic or central nervous system) of WD were present. The authors conclude that patients can carry a heterozygous mutation of the ATP7B gene that is associated with hypoceruloplasminaemia and display no overt clinical hepatic and/or central nervous system manifestations of WD.     

Cerebellar ataxia and central nervous system whipple disease

BACKGROUND: Whipple disease (WD) is an infectious disease, which may affect the central nervous system. Central nervous system symptoms are eventually present in as many as 43% of the cases. To our knowledge, cerebellar ataxia in WD has never been formally studied in any large series. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of cerebellar ataxia in central nervous system WD. RESULTS: Between January 1974 and December 2003, we identified 11 patients who met criteria for definite central nervous system WD, the second largest series to date. Surprisingly, while oculomasticatory myorrhythmia was recorded in only 1 patient (9%), cerebellar ataxia had been documented in 5 cases (45%). CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that cerebellar ataxia should be considered a more common feature of central nervous system WD.     

Painless legs moving toes in a patient with Wilson's disease.

We describe and present a video of a 20-year-old woman with Wilson's disease (WD) who developed the painless variant of painful legs and moving toes (PLMT) syndrome. The symptoms appeared during a subsequent minor exacerbation of her extrapyramidal symptomatology, only to gradually disappear 3 to 4 months later. We suggest that, in our case, a structural central nervous system lesion caused by WD may have been associated with the development of PLMT.     

The spectrum of central nervous system involvement in Whipple's disease

Background and purpose

To assess the clinical spectrum of central nervous system (CNS) involvement as well as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and neuroimaging findings in patients with Whipple's disease (WD) and to analyze the association of neurological symptoms with CSF and imaging findings.

Methods

Neurological involvement was retrospectively analyzed in a series of 36 patients diagnosed with WD at a single center between 1992 and 2019. Findings of 81 comprehensive CSF examinations from 36 patients, including polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests for Tropheryma whipplei (TW) in CSF from 35 patients, were systematically evaluated. The prevalence of ischemic stroke in patients with WD was compared to a matched control cohort.

Results

Neurological symptoms occurred in 23 of 36 (63.9%) patients, with cognitive, motor, and oculomotor dysfunction being most frequent. TW was detected by PCR in CSF of 13 of 22 (59.1%) patients with and four of 13 (30.8%, p = 0.0496) patients without neurological symptoms. Total CSF protein (p = 0.044) and lactate (p = 0.035) were moderately elevated in WD with neurologic symptoms compared with WD without. No intrathecal immunoglobulin synthesis was observed. Three of 36 (8.3%) patients had hydrocephalus due to aqueductal stenosis. Patients with WD had an unexpectedly high prevalence of ischemic stroke (10/36, 27.7%) compared to matched controls (10/360, 3.2%).

Conclusions

Neurological involvement in patients with WD is common. Detection of TW DNA in CSF is only partly associated with neurological symptoms. Elevated CSF parameters suggest CNS parenchymal infection. Stroke is a hitherto underrecognized manifestation of WD. These findings suggest that mechanisms beyond CNS infection contribute to the spectrum of CNS involvement in WD.     

Critical reappraisal of referrals to electromyography and nerve conduction studies.

A large number of examinees referred to electromyographic (EMG) laboratories do not have symptoms or signs suggestive of a peripheral nervous system disorder, and the aim of the present study was to check this. All examinees evaluated by the author in a "general" EMG laboratory in the first 4 months of 2002 were included. Data on examinees, referral physicians and diagnoses, clinical symptoms and signs, and electrodiagnostic findings were statistically evaluated. Three hundred examinees, 42% men, were included. A neurological diagnosis was provided in 55% of referrals. Electrodiagnostic abnormalities were found in 45% of examinees. Using multivariate statistics, a positive effect of neurological referral diagnosis, history of paraesthesias and of weakness and sensory loss on examination, and a negative effect of history of pain on pathological electrodiagnostic findings were found. Except 20 patients with carpal tunnel syndrome, no patient with normal clinical examination had abnormal electrodiagnostic findings. Our study confirmed the inappropriateness of referrals to electrodiagnostic examination to screen patients for peripheral nervous disorders. We propose electrodiagnostic examination mainly of patients with unequivocal clinical signs of a peripheral nervous system lesion and of patients with typical symptoms of the carpal tunnel syndrome.     

Subclinical neurological involvement does not develop if Wilson's disease is treated early

Background & aimsWilson's disease (WD) is a genetic disorder of copper metabolism causing dysfunctions of various organs, mostly the liver and brain. If untreated, WD is fatal, but early treatment results in a good prognosis, although the long-term neurological outcome has not yet been clarified. To address this issue, we evaluated the neurological status of early-treated WD patients without overt nervous system impairment using neurophysiological, neuropsychological and neuroimaging procedures at least 10 years after treatment onset.MethodsThirty-eight WD patients (18 females, aged 24.47 ± 7.50 years), who received an early diagnosis (in presymptomatic or mild/moderate liver disease stages without neurological involvement) and prompt treatment, were clinically evaluated with the Global Assessment Scale. Presentation was hepatic in 36 subjects (95%), while 2 patients (5%) were presymptomatic. A neurophysiological study was performed to explore the central motor conduction time of the upper and lower limbs, and motor cortex excitability using single pulses and paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation. Neuroimages were obtained with brain magnetic resonance scans. Cognitive abilities, and psychiatric and behavioral disturbances were evaluated with neuropsychological tests.ResultsPatients were undergoing treatment with penicillamine (7 patients) or zinc salts (31 patients) with good adherence. They did not present any neurological signs at clinical evaluation or at specific scale of impairment, the mean Global Assessment Scale score was 0.3 ± 0.7. Magnetic resonance imaging, transcranial magnetic stimulation studies and neuropsychological/neuropsychiatric assessment ruled out subclinical involvement.ConclusionsThis study suggests that early diagnosis and treatment of WD may prevent the onset of neurologic damage, even at subclinical level.     

眼部症状为突出表现的23例儿童中枢神经脱髓鞘疾病分析

目的分析小儿中枢神经脱髓鞘疾病(DMD)临床特点,提高对该病的诊断及治疗水平。方法对23例小儿中枢神经DMD的起病特点、前驱感染、临床表现、辅助检查、诊断及治疗等进行回顾性分析。结果本文23例有前驱感染史17例,疫苗接种史3例,呈急性或亚急性起病,均以眼部症状为突出表现,同时或先后出现肢体无力或瘫痪、发热、抽搐及脑神经受损。23例行MRI检查,均呈现异常信号,16例行脑电图检查,12例异常,8例行诱发电位检查,显示视觉和听觉通路损伤。均用皮质激素治疗,15例同时并用大剂量静脉注射免疫球蛋白,均取得显著效果。结论小儿中枢神经DMD临床表现复杂多变,诊断应依据病史、辅助检查,进行综合分析。皮质激素及大剂量免疫球蛋白具有显著疗效,该病大多预后良好。