海洋生物抗凝血活性物质研究进展

按照海洋生物抗凝血活性物质的来源、分类及抗凝血作用机制等,对其研究进展进行综述。     

南极浮游生物抗辐射活性物质研究进展

臭氧空洞是南极特有的自然现象,使得到达南极地球表面的UV辐射量大量增加。南极海域中的浮游生物,长期在高强度UV-B胁迫下生存而适应了这样的逆境,产生了许多抗辐射活性物质。本文就南极藻类、细菌和真菌等浮游生物中抗辐射活性物质的结构、特征性质和功能等方面研究进行了综述,以期对抗辐射、抗肿瘤活性物质研究和开发利用提供有益启示。     

海洋生物降血脂活性物质研究进展

海洋生物是生物活性物质的巨大来源。此文主要介绍近年来海洋动植物中某些活性物质的降血脂活性及其作用机制的研究新进展。     

药用海洋活性物质的研究进展

海洋生物已成为天然药物的重要来源之一,从海洋各类生物中可提取分离到具有各种药用活性的化合物,具有开发成新药的潜力.本文对近年来国内外报道的具有药用价值的海洋活性物质做了综述.     

植物活性物质抑制尿路感染研究进展

尿路感染是一种常见的感染性疾病,其高复发率以及致病菌的强耐药性使得植物源抑菌剂成为防治尿路感染的抗菌药物替代物。本文综述了不同人群尿路感染致病菌的分布以及常见植物及其活性物质对尿路感染致病菌的抑制作用;并从抑制病原菌黏附与侵袭、抑制病原菌活性2个方面分析了植物活性物质抑制尿路感染病原菌的机制,为尿路感染的防治带来新的启示和方法。     

国外植物内生真菌活性物质的研究进展

植物内生真菌的研究已成为热点。由于内生真菌与宿主植物之间存在明显的互惠共生关系,并能产生与宿主相同或相似的具有生理活性的代谢产物,近年来,国外对内生真菌代谢产物研究有新进展,本文对内生真菌代谢活性产物进行归纳、总结,为进一步开发利用植物内生真菌提供参考研究。     

灰离褶伞菌中活性物质体外抗肿瘤实验研究

目的:选择野生的灰离褶伞子实体作为研究对象,采用层析法,并辅助以萃取和重结晶等分离提取的方法,分离纯化灰离褶伞活性物质并测定其体外抗肿瘤活性。方法:采用层析法并辅助以萃取和重结晶等多种方法,进行活性物质的提取、分离;采用MTT法测定灰离褶伞活性物质对体外培养的大肠癌HT29、人胃癌细胞株BGC823两种肿瘤细胞的抑制作用。结果:灰离褶伞活性物质对大肠癌HT29、人胃癌细胞株BGC823两种细胞的抑制率均随着浓度的增大而增大。灰离褶伞活性物质的MTT检测OD值均显著或极显著低于阴性对照组。结论:灰离褶伞活性物质对大肠癌HT29、人胃癌细胞株BGC823两种肿瘤细胞均有较强的抑制作用,且其抑制率与浓度呈良好的量效关系。     

海洋微生物合成的抗肿瘤活性物质

本文就海洋微生物的生态分布以及近年来筛选白海洋微生物的抗肿瘤活性物质作一综述。已从海洋微生物中发现包括含氮类、内酯类、酮类、醌类、多糖类等多种抗肿瘤活性物质。产这些活性物质的有链霉菌属、小单孢菌属、钦氏菌属、交替单孢菌属、芽孢杆菌属、黄杆菌属、土壤杆菌属以及其它未定菌。对海洋微生物复杂多样生态特点的研究将有利于发现新型的抗肿瘤活性物质。     

Use of pulse voltammetry to study the antioxidant activity of physiologically active substances

Translated from Khimiko-farmatsevticheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 28, No. 11, pp. 11–14, November, 1994.     

Physiologically active substances from marine sponges V: Isolation of physiologically active compounds from the sponge Verongia archeri.

Methanolic extracts of hard and soft varieties of the sponge Verongia archeri were found to contain similar compounds. An isolation procedure and the structures of 2-(3',5'-dibromo-4'-hydroxyphenyl)-acetamide, 1-(3',5'-dibromo-1',6'-dihydroxy-4'-methoxycyclohexa-2',4'-diene)acetonitrile, and 2-oxo-5,7-dibromo-6-methoxy-9-hydroxy-8,9-dihydrocoumarin from one variety are described.     

Reliability of the TTC approach: Learning from inclusion of pesticide active substances in the supporting database

Data on pesticide active substances were used to assess the reliability of the Threshold of Toxicological Concern (TTC) approach. Pesticides were chosen as a robust test because of their potential for toxicity. 328 pesticide substances were classified on the basis of their chemical structure, according to the generic scheme proposed by the European Food Safety Authority. 43 carbamates and organophosphates were allocated to the group for neurotoxicity alerts, and 279 substances to Cramer structural Class III. For Class III, the 5th percentile value as calculated from the cumulative distribution curve of the no-observed-effect levels (0.20 mg/kg bw per day), was slightly higher than that determined by Munro (0.15 mg/kg bw per day) from his original database. The difference is explained by the inclusion of carbamates and organophosphates in Munro's Class III. Consideration of the acceptable daily intakes and their underlying toxicity data showed that the TTC approach is conservative for 96.2% of the substances. Overall, this analysis gives added support to the utility of the generic scheme of application of the TTC approach for hazard assessment of substances for which few or no experimental toxicity data are available. A convenient alternative to the Cramer decision tree is proposed.     

Physiologically active substances from marine sponges IV: Heterocyclic compounds.

Several guanidine compounds were synthesized by the reaction of acid chlorides of thiophene and furan with guanidines. Some of these compounds showed antibiotic and cytotoxic activities. Series of pyrrole compounds were synthesized and found to have significant antibiotic activity.     

植物中抗癌活性物质的筛选及其作用机制

目的 从植物中筛选具有抗癌活性的化合物,并探讨其作用机制。方法 用MTT法检测样品对HepG2和A549增殖的影响;用Hoechst33342染色法检测活性物质对细胞凋亡的影响;用ELISA法和分光光度法分别检测活性物质对细胞TNF-α表达和Caspase-8活性的影响;用RT-PCR法测定活性物质对细胞Bc1-2和Bax mRNA表达的影响。结果 获得了具较高抗癌活性的化合物杠柳苷F,并初步证实杠柳苷F可通过上调TNF-α、Caspase-8、Bax,下调Bcl-2来促进肿瘤细胞的凋亡。结论 杠柳苷F可能通过线粒体途径和TNFR途径诱导HepG2和A549凋亡。