Selenium content of foods purchased or produced in Ohio

Approximately 450 samples of about 100 types of foods consumed by rural and urban Ohioans were analyzed for selenium. Meat, dairy products, eggs, and grain products produced in Ohio have considerably lower selenium content than corresponding products produced in high selenium areas, such as South Dakota. Retail Ohio foods with interregional distribution tended to be higher in selenium content than corresponding foods produced in Ohio. Best sources of selenium in Ohio foods commonly consumed were meat and pasta products. Poor sources of selenium were fruits, most vegetables, candies, sweeteners, and alcoholic and nonalcoholic beverages. Establishment of an accurate data base for selenium depends on knowledge of the interregional distribution of foods, the selenium content of foods at their production site, and the selenium content of foods with wide local distribution.     

2012年济南市市区主要泉水水质调查

目的分析济南市泉水水中微量元素含量,为探讨泉水与长寿的关系提供科学依据。方法2012年3～10月,对济南市市区有代表性的泉水水样进行微量元素含量检测。结果合计检测7处主要泉水群的42份水样,pH值均为偏碱性,锶、锂的含量都比较丰富,锶的中位数为0．35mg／L高于天然饮用矿泉水的界限指标0．20mg／L,锂的中位数为0．24mg／L高于天然饮用矿泉水的界限指标0．20mg／L,符合天然饮用矿泉水的要求,属于锶、锂型矿泉水;偏硅酸盐、硒、碘化物虽未达到天然饮用矿泉水的界限指标,但是符合天然饮用矿泉水的限量指标,偏硅酸盐、硒的含量已比较丰富;钾、钠、钙、镁、铁、铜、锰、锌、氟化物、重碳酸盐的含量均符天然饮用矿泉水和生活饮用水的要求。结论济南市市区有代表性的泉水中多项有益微量元素含量较高。     

原子吸收法测定31种蔬菜水果中的微量元素含量

目的了解西安市市售常见蔬菜水果中微量元素含量,为指导人们的健康饮食提供参考数据。方珐采用原子吸收光谱法测定26种蔬菜和5种水果中的钙、镁、锌、铁、锰、铜、铅等元素含量。结果样品中钙含量前三位的蔬菜为白蒿、芹菜、青菜,钙含量最高的水果为橙子;镁含量前三位的蔬菜为白蒿、红薯、菠菜,镁含量最高的水果为香蕉;铁含量最高的蔬菜、水果分别为白蒿、菠萝;锌含量最高的蔬菜和水果分别为莴笋和苹果;铜元素含量最高的蔬菜和水果分别为红薯和苹果;锰含量最高的蔬菜和水果分别为生姜和菠萝;铅含量前三位的蔬菜是平菇、莲花白和莴笋。钙、镁、铁、锌、铜、锰含量的变化范围分别为18．64～2728．35mg／kg、46．03～572．28mg／kg、1．45～141．46mg／kg、8．25～83．67mg／kg、0．01～4．659mg／kg、0．124～43．383mg／kg、0．148～8．384mg／kg。结论不同蔬菜、水果中微量元素含量差别较大,人们应该合理膳食、平衡营养。     

包头市出产蔬菜水果稀土元素含量检测及健康风险评价

目的 本研究通过测定包头市出产蔬菜水果中稀土元素的含量,进行居民摄入健康风险评价。方法 应用湿法消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（ICP - MS）,测定蔬菜水果中17种稀土元素含量,比较各类蔬菜水果的均值,对稀土元素进行相关性分析,并使用ADI方法对蔬菜水果中稀土元素可能对人体产生的健康风险进行安全评价。结果 2019年包头市出产蔬菜水果中稀土元素含量范围为0.00～2.03 mg/kg,平均含量0.39 mg/kg。叶菜类的稀土元素平均含量最高,其次是水果,最低是根菜类,Ce、Sm和Nd 3种稀土元素之间均具有较强相关性,包头市居民食用蔬菜水果摄入稀土元素日平均摄入量为0.0035 mg/(kg·d),远低于安全剂量标准。结论 2019年包头市出产蔬菜水果中稀土元素含量较低,包头市居民通过食用本地出产蔬菜水果摄入稀土元素量是安全的。     

北京市食物中硒及其拮抗元素的含量

本文测定了北京市普通食物中硒的含量。结果证实水产品、动物脏器特别是肾脏、蛋类和蘑菇中硒含量最丰富;进口谷类和豆类显著高于国产;除大蒜和蘑菇硒含量比较高外,大多数蔬菜和果品中硒含量都低于0.010ppm;母乳硒含量较其它市售乳制品和代乳品为高。北京市食物中硒含量远高于克山病区。所测定的食物中,除个别水产食品外,汞、砷及镉的含量大都低于国家允许标准。天然植物性食物中硒含量和蛋白质含量呈非常显著的正相关(r=0.844,P<0.001)。     

Fiber Intake of Older Adults

This study evaluated reported dietary fiber and mineral intakes of 45 healthy adults, 60 years and over, using two sets of three-day dietary food records. The average age of the participants was 73 years, with an age range of 60 to 87 years. Mean reported dietary fiber intake was 18.3 g per day. Percentage of dietary fiber from different food sources was; breads and cereals 33%, vegetables 22%, fruits 21%, beans and legumes 7%, nuts and seeds 3%, combination foods 7% and others 7%. Significant positive correlations were observed between dietary fiber intake and copper, magnesium, selenium, potassium, iron and zinc intakes. Those participants with dietary fiber intakes of 20 g/day or more had significantly higher intakes of copper, magnesium, selenium, potassium and iron compared to those who had dietary fiber intakes less than 20 g/day, although mean kilocalorie intakes were not significantly different. Thus, increasing grain products, vegetables and fruits to increase dietary fiber intake, also may improve the mineral intakes of older adults.     

太原市食物硒含量及居民硒摄入量的评价

本文测定了太原市50多种常见食物中硒的含量。结果表明,以动物性食品特别是鱼类、鸡肉、猪肝和鸡蛋中硒含量最为丰富,均在0.1ppm以上。谷类与豆类含硒相近,其中进口小麦加工的面粉为0.14ppm,大多数蔬菜及干果类的含硒量均低于0.01ppm。大部分菌藻类食物含硒较其它植物性食物高。这些测定值为太原市食物硒含量的评价提供了科学依据。可以看出,太原市食物硒水平虽远高于克山病病区但低于北京市。以太原市全年食物消费情况和膳食调查得到的居民每日硒摄入量,刚刚达到生理需要量和适宜供给量的低限水平。     

Some compositional properties and mineral contents of carob (Ceratonia siliqua) fruit, flour and syrup

The approximate composition and mineral contents of carob fruit (Ceratonia siliqua), and the traditional foods produced from this fruit, carob flour and carob syrup, were studied. Protein, crude fiber and ash content and energy values of carob syrup were lower than the values of both carob fruit and carob flour. According to the results, the total sugar content, the most important constituents of carob products, were 48.35%, 41.55% and 63.88% for fruit, flour and syrup, respectively. These products contained high amounts of calcium, potassium, magnesium, sodium and phosphorus, which were the most abundant elements in carob fruits (P < 0.05). Among the samples, potassium, phosphorus and calcium had the highest values in carob syrup, respectively. Carob flour also contained these elements in high amounts, with the addition of sodium. We extended the notion that carob fruit, flour and syrup were rich sources of carbohydrates, proteins and minerals.     

Strontium in Finnish foods

The strontium content of Finnish foods was analyzed and the average daily intake of strontium estimated according to national food consumption statistics. The average intake was 1.9 mg of Sr/d/person, which is well within the range of intakes found in other industrialized countries. The most important sources were dairy products (35%), and vegetables and fruits (32%). The strontium contents of foods showed a highly significant correlation with their calcium contents. No special problem was evident in dietary strontium in Finland.     

Antioxidant status in vegetarians versus omnivores

Every day, vegetarians consume many carbohydrate-rich plant foods such as fruits and vegetables, cereals, pulses, and nuts. As a consequence, their diet contains more antioxidant vitamins (vitamin C, vitamin E, and beta-carotene) and copper than that of omnivores. Intake of zinc is generally comparable to that by omnivores. However, the bioavailability of zinc in vegetarian diets is generally lower than that of omnivores. Dietary intake of selenium is variable in both groups and depends on the selenium content of the soil. Measurements of antioxidant body levels in vegetarians show that a vegetarian diet maintains higher antioxidant vitamin status (vitamin C, vitamin E, beta-carotene) but variable antioxidant trace element status as compared with an omnivorous diet. To evaluate the antioxidative potential of a vegetarian diet versus an omnivorous diet, more studies are needed in which the total antioxidant capacity is determined rather than the status of a single antioxidant nutrient.     

济南市区蔬菜、水果、粮食和鲜肉中铜、锰、锌、硒含量调查

目的 调查济南居民日常消费的蔬菜、水果、粮食和鲜肉中铜、锰、锌、硒的含量.方法 于2008年采集济南居民日常消费的蔬菜、水果、粮食和鲜肉进行消化处理,采用火焰原子吸收分光光度法检测铜和锌,以石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法检测锰,以氢化物发生-原子吸收分光光度法检测硒.结果 所调查的4种元素中锰和锌的含量比较高,硒最低;粮食和...     

Some compositional properties and mineral contents of carob (Ceratonia siliqua) fruit,flour and syrup

The approximate composition and mineral contents of carob fruit (Ceratonia siliqua), and the traditional foods produced from this fruit, carob flour and carob syrup, were studied. Protein, crude fiber and ash content and energy values of carob syrup were lower than the values of both carob fruit and carob flour. According to the results, the total sugar content, the most important constituents of carob products, were 48.35%, 41.55% and 63.88% for fruit, flour and syrup, respectively. These products contained high amounts of calcium, potassium, magnesium, sodium and phosphorus, which were the most abundant elements in carob fruits (P<0.05). Among the samples, potassium, phosphorus and calcium had the highest values in carob syrup, respectively. Carob flour also contained these elements in high amounts, with the addition of sodium. We extended the notion that carob fruit, flour and syrup were rich sources of carbohydrates, proteins and minerals.     

医学生头发中铜、锌、铁、锰、钙、铅含量检测及分析

目的 了解在校医学生的饮食结构和微量元素的水平,培养大学生良好的饮食习惯和生活方式.方法 用原子吸收光谱法测定130名在校大学生头发中铜、锌、铁、锰、钙、镁、铅的含量,同时测定学生食堂部分粮食、蔬菜中微量元素的含量.结果 所测元素水平与国内文献报道的基本一致;男生头发铁含量显著高于女生,女生头发锰含量显著高于男生;其他元素未见明显的性别差异.结论 大学生头发中的微量元素存在着性别差异,此特征对今后的微量元素与健康的研究具有重要的参考价值与指导意义.     

原子吸收光谱法测定水果中10种元素含量及分布

目的调查水果中锌、铜、钾、钙、镁、锰、铅、镉、铬和硒10种元素含量分布情况。方法采用湿法消解水果样品,火焰原子吸收光谱法检测水果中的锌、铜、钾、钙、镁和锰的含量,石墨炉原子吸收光谱法检测铅、镉、铬和硒的含量。结果 10种元素在水果中各部位的分布有比较大的差异。葡萄、干枣和木瓜中铅含量接近于污染物浓度限量,但没有超过标准。国光苹果、梨、干枣和圣女果中铬的含量都超标。国光苹果、香蕉、梨、干枣、木瓜和柚子中均不同程度检出硒,但没有超过污染物浓度限量。葡萄和干枣中的铜含量超过标准。锌的含量没有超过标准。木瓜中钙含量最高,干枣中镁和锰含量最高。干枣、柚子和圣水果中含钾较高。结论水果果籽中各种元素含量最高,果肉中含量最低。果皮中各种元素含量比果肉中高。     

Dietary intake of trace elements in the general population, estimated from a regional nutritional survey, and comparison with recommended dietary allowances and tolerable upper intake levels

OBJECTIVES: Dietary intake by the general population of trace elements related to human health is not well known. Therefore, values for zinc, copper, manganese, chromium, selenium, molybdenum, cobalt and aluminum were estimated from food intake data from the 1993 Tottori Prefecture Nutritional Survey. For each element, consumption by the individual person was compared to the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) and the tolerable upper intake level (UL). METHODS: Daily intake of trace elements by individuals was calculated from food intake data of 1993 Tottori Prefecture Nutrition Survey by computer program written by visual C++ using the trace element food table published by Suzuki (1993) and compared with RDA and UL values. RESULTS: 1. The percentage of people whose intake of zinc was lower than the RDA was 72.0%. Those for copper and manganese were 69.8% and 39.2%, respectively. Persons aged over 60 years consumed less of those trace elements. 2. Few people had a chromium intake lower than the RDA. The same was the case for molybdenum and selenium. However, 9.2% of people had on intake of chromium in excess of the UL, and for manganese, molybdenum and selenium the figures were 0.7%, 81.6% and 9.6%, respectively. 3. The major sources of the trace elements were cereals, fish, meats, vegetables and beans. CONCLUSIONS: It is necessary to investigate the reason for the low intake of zinc, copper and manganese. It is also to be recommended that food tables for trace elements be produced to feel compliance with the RDA and UL for trace elements.     

Gender differences in the consumption of meat, fruit and vegetables are similar in Finland and the Baltic countries

BACKGROUND: Women's diets are healthier than men's. Finnish women eat more fruits and vegetables but less meat than men. Gender differences may be larger in the Baltic countries, which represent Eastern European transition societies than in Finland, a society characterized by the Scandinavian welfare ideology and a high degree of gender equality. METHODS: The data are based on questionnaires to random samples of adults in Finland, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. The data provide a way of addressing gender differences at the turn of the century in the economically and culturally different countries. The purpose is to explore whether the consumption of foods classified as masculine or feminine-meat, fruits and vegetables-follow a similar gender pattern in Finland and the Baltic countries. RESULTS: Men ate meat more often while women ate fruits and vegetables. A high educational level was associated with frequent consumption of fruits and vegetables. Educational differences in the consumption of meat were few and inconsistent. The consumption of fruits and vegetables was more common in urban areas except in Finland. Gender differences were similar in all countries throughout age and educational groups and in rural and urban areas. CONCLUSION: The consistent association of gender and food and the similarity of gender patterning in population subgroups point to the stability of masculine versus feminine food habits. The similarity suggests that food habits contribute equally to the gender gap in health in the Baltic countries as they do in Finland.     

Food and nutrient intake differences between smokers and non-smokers in the US.

Data from the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed to determine food and nutrient intake differences between current smokers (also categorized as light, moderate, and heavy smokers) and non-smokers. Smokers in several age-race-sex categories have lower intakes of vitamin C, folate, fiber, and vitamin A than non-smokers, and intake tended to decrease as cigarette consumption increased, particularly for vitamin C, fiber, and folate. Smokers were less likely to have consumed vegetables, fruits (particularly fruits and vegetables high in vitamins C and A), high fiber grains, low fat milk, and vitamin and mineral supplements than non-smokers. A negative linear trend was found between smoking intensity and intake of several categories of fruits and vegetables. These data suggest that the high cancer risk associated with smoking is compounded by somewhat lower intake of nutrients and foods which are thought to be cancer protective.     

Micronutrient Supplementation Trials and the Reduction of Cancer and Cerebrovascular Incidence and Mortality

Epidemiological evidence suggests that a diet rich in fruits and vegetables may reduce the risk of various forms of cancer, most likely contributable to their vitamin and mineral content. It is believed that the vitamins and minerals in these foods contribute to a reduced risk of cancer. The population of Linxian, China is known to have one of the highest rates of esophageal/gastric cardia cancer in the world. Recent intervention studies from this particular geographic area for the first time have indicated that vitamin and mineral supplementation, specifically beta-carotene, vitamin E, and selenium, may play a role in the reduction of cancer risk.     

刺老苞根皮总黄酮及微量元素含量的分析研究

采用紫外分光光度法测定了湖北恩施道地产土家族药刺老苞根皮中总黄酮的含量,在200～400 nm波长范围内扫描,最大吸收波长为λ=267.0 nm。原子吸收分光光度法测定了K,Na,Ca,Mg,Fe,Se,Ga,Ni,Mn,Cu和Zn 11种微量、常量元素的含量。结果显示刺老苞根皮中含有丰富的微量元素和较高的总黄酮,微量元素含量较高的是Ca,Mg,Se,Ga,Cu和Zn元素。实验结果为探讨刺老苞根皮中总黄酮含量与微量元素的关系及研究刺老苞根皮中微量元素与治疗骨伤类疾病的关系提供了有用的数据。     

基于ICP-MS探讨病人透析前后血中元素含量的变化

摘要:目的 探讨透析患者透析前后全血中矿物元素含量的变化,为透析病人提供治疗和保健依据。方法 采集透析病人透析前后的静脉血及透析液,前处理后利用电感耦合等离子质谱(ICP-MS)分析其中的矿物元素含量,并对透析前后的血中及透析液矿物元素含量进行配对t检验。结果 该分析方法的线性相关系数均在0.999以上,相对标准偏差在2.8%~5.5%之间,加标回收率在87%~108%之间。透析后,血液中钙、锰、铁、铜、锌、硒的含量较透析前小幅度升高,铬、砷、铅含量较透析前后变化不大;透析液中,铬、锰含量变化不大,但是铁、铜、锌、硒的含量均有不同程度的增加。结论 长期看,行透析治疗的病人,体内钙、锰、铁、铜、锌、硒的含量低于正常人。同时,存在血中铅、砷等短暂升高而引起的中毒的风险。