某院住院病历用药医嘱不合理情况分析

目的：为了解某院临床用药情况,现对某院住院病历用药医嘱进行点评分析,为提高临床合理用药提供依据。方法抽取某院2013－07～2014－03间住院病历共288份,对其用药医嘱情况进行调查分析。结果抽取的288份住院病历中,有119份存在不合理用药问题,不合理率达41.32％。结论某院住院病历用药不合理现象较严重,医院有关部门加强管理,宣传教育,促进临床合理用药。     

临床不合理用药分析

目的：分析住院医嘱不合理用药情况,促进药物合理性使用。方法：随机抽取住院病历1000份,采用回顾性分析方法,对抽查病历中的医嘱进行审查、统计、分析。结果：用药不合理病历96份,占9．6％,表现为围术期抗菌药物使用不合理34份,用法、用量不合理28份,联合用药不合理17份,药物配伍不当9份,选药不当8份。结论：我院住院病历医嘱用药情况基本合理,但仍需进一步把握合理用药原则,确保医疗安全。     

960例住院患者抗感染用药分析

（1）目的；分析抗感染药（抗菌、抗病毒药）临床应用情况。（2）方法：对本院住院患病历每月抽查20份，时间为1997年12月－2000年12月，共抽查960份出现病历，回顾分析抗感染药物应用的品种，频率及不合理用药状况。（3）结果：所有抽查病历在应用抗感染药物时，均存在用量，用法，选药，联合用药，更换频率过高及更换顺序等不合理现象。（4）结论：针对临床上抗感染药物的应用中存在的问题，提出合理应用抗感染药物的建议。     

武威市直医疗机构2013年6-7月份住院病历用药处方点评与分析

目的：通过对武威市人民医院、武威市第二人民医院、武威市中医医院和武威市医学科学院武威肿瘤医院住院病历用药处方点评与分析,不断提高我市市直医疗机构临床合理用药的水平。方法：对2013年6-7月份356份病历集中进行了点评、统计和分析。结果：有117份病历用药处方存在不合理现象,占抽查病历总数的32.87％。其中,处方用药不适宜病历97份,占处方用药不合理病例的82.91%。结论：住院病历用药处方问题多,病历用药处方合格率有待提高。     

我院围手术期抗菌药物预防应用合理性分析

目的了解我院手术病人围手术期抗菌药物预防应用使用情况。方法随机抽取我院2009年第一、第二季度手术病历500份,对围手术期抗菌药物预防应用不合理的病历进行分析。结果 500份手术病历全部应用了抗菌药物,其中,抗菌药物应用不合理病历185份,分别表现在：用药时间不合理、选择药物不合理、给药方法不合理、联合用药不合理、更换药物不合理。结论我院在围手术期抗菌药物预防应用方面存在着一定程度的不合理用药现象,合理用药水平有待提高。     

我院外科抗生素不合理应用调查

目的：调查外科抗生素使用情况，分析其用药的合理性，促进我院外科抗生素的合理应用。方法：抽取2006年3月1日～9月1日600份病历，从用药的各个环节入手，对抗生素的使用情况进行调查与分析。结果：不合理用药约236名，占总调查量的39．3％。结论：临床抗生素不合理用药率偏高，应引起重视。临床医师要提高自己的合理用药水平，同时药师也应加强监管。     

我院外科住院患者抗菌素使用情况调查及不合理用药分析

目的了解我院外科住院病人抗菌素使用情况。方法随机抽取2004年1月—2006年12月的外科住院病历,对不合理应用抗菌药物情况及抗菌素分级使用情况进行统计、分析。结果共抽查住院病历1500份,其中1280份应用了抗菌药物,占88.6%;456份存在不合理用药情况,以药物选择、用药疗程不合理表现突出。抗菌素分级管理后,一线用药明显增加。结论抗菌素不合理使用现象普遍存在,应加强临床药师的监督、指导作用;目前抗菌素分级管理规定可有效降低药品比率,减少医疗费用支出。     

我院住院患者合理用药调查分析

目的:了解笔者所在医院住院患者的用药情况,进一步促进临床合理用药。方法:随机抽取笔者所在医院临床科室2010年11月-2011年4月300份住院患者病历进行回顾性分析。结果:不合理用药的病历61份,占20.3%。共有93处用药不合理现象。表现在药物选择不合理,用量用法不当,用药时机不当及时间过长等。其中抗菌药物的不合理应用65处,占69.9%。结论:笔者所在医院住院患者用药存在不合理现象,应加强对医务人员的规范化培训和管理,提高药物治疗的整体水平。     

临床抗生素不合理用药原因分析及干预对策

目的 探讨抗生素临床不合理用药原因及针对性的干预对策.方法 对2400张病历或处分相关资料进行综合性回顾性分析,每月抽取100份门诊处分为A组,50份手术病历为B组,50例非手术病历作为C组,分析抗生素处方使用情况,并根据抗生素不合理使用情况提出针对性干预对策.结果 2400份病历或处分中左氧氟沙星DDDs最高为1785,其次为克林霉素为1067,第三为头孢曲松为956.4;B组543份病历或处方中使用抗生素,且二联用药率为58.01%,抗生素单用率为26.89%;C组417份使用抗生素,且单用抗生素率为58.03%,二联使用率为32.13%,高于A组(P<0.05);2400份病历中共有152份抗生素使用不合理,不合理率为6.33%,其原因为:病原体检查、药敏试验不及时、联合用药不合理以及给药方式不合理等.结论 临床抗生素不合理用药原因相对较多,相关部门应该严格执行抗生素分级管理制度、加强临床医生药理学和药代动力学培训,降低抗生素不合理使用率.     

基层医院不合理用药情况分析及解决对策

目的:进一步了解和掌握我院各临床科室不合理用药情况,并提出解决对策,以更好地开展临床用药指导工作,提高我院临床医师用药的安全性、合理性和有效性.方法:随机抽取2006年1月～2008年6月我院住院患者病历2 000份和门诊处方3 000份进行用药情况分析,将所得数据采用统计学方法进行处理.结果:在本次抽奋中,我院不合理用药医嘱213份,占所抽查病历的10.65%;不合理用药处方535份,占所抽查处方的15.51%.不合理用药情况达所抽查用药患者总数的14.96%.不合理用药的情况主要反映为滥用抗生素,占不合理用药情况的25.82%:滥用激素占16.51%;配伍不合理占13.52%;用法不合理占15.47%;选药不合理占11.71%;其他占16.97%.另外,门诊处方不合理用药跟住院医嘱相比,情况较为严重,可能跟门诊量较大、患者就诊时间较为仓促等因素有关.针对调查中出现的问题,我院采取各种措施加强了药物的监管力度,日前已取得了可喜的成绩.结论:我院不合理用药情况目前形势仍较为严峻.因而,通过不合理用药情况调查分析,加强了药物的监管力度,提高医务人员合理用药能力,对提高基层单位用药的安全性、合理性和有效性具有积极的意义.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.