辽宁省农村育龄妇女对紧急避孕知识的知晓情况

目的了解辽宁省农村育龄妇女紧急避孕知识的知晓情况,为国家"十一.五"农村卫生适宜技术在辽宁省农村的推广提供依据。方法采取整群随机抽样的方法,对辽宁省6个示范县18～45岁育龄妇女进行问卷调查,共发放问卷11500份。调查员入户进行面对面的问卷调查,收回有效调查表11178份。结果辽宁省农村育龄妇女的紧急避孕知识知晓率为70.0%,年龄、婚姻状况、文化程度、经济状况、职业、妊娠史等是紧急避孕知识知晓率的影响因素;育龄妇女对紧急避孕的需求很普遍,达82.0%。最希望获得的知识的途径是计划生育人员的宣传。结论辽宁省农村育龄妇女对紧急避孕知识的知晓率不高,应加大计划生育工作的宣传力度,提高育龄妇女的知晓率。     

庄河市农村育龄妇女紧急避孕药应用现状

目的调查庄河市农村育龄妇女了解和使用紧急避孕药的情况。方法对庄河市2个乡镇、1160例育龄妇女进行问卷调查。结果紧急避孕药的知晓率为43．4％，10．8％的人有需求使用紧急避孕药的情况，但实际使用率仅为3．7％。结论进一步加大紧急避孕知识的宣传力度，增设紧急避孕药的发放渠道，方便和满足育龄妇女的需求。     

广州市育龄妇女对紧急避孕知识的认知及需求调查

目的了解广州市育龄妇女对紧急避孕知识的认知和需求情况,确定有关方面的工作重点。方法采用随机抽样方法对2003年10月至2004年10月到广州市妇幼保健院门诊就诊的育龄妇女进行自填式无记名问卷调查。结果共调查360名育龄妇女,对紧急避孕知识的总知晓率为65.00%,不同年龄、文化程度、职业的妇女的知晓率差异有统计学意义;主要获知途径是书籍杂志(占34.63%)、朋友(占34.33%)、广播电视(占10.45%)等;采用过紧急避孕措施者占38.61%;调查对象紧急避孕知识的需求相当普遍(占76.11%),她们认为最可靠的知识来源是医疗部门,很希望得到医务工作者的专业指导。结论广州市育龄妇女对紧急避孕知识的知晓率偏低,医疗保健机构应加大对紧急避孕知识的宣传力度,并提供个体化咨询服务,以降低妇女非意愿妊娠的发生,宣教和服务的重点对象是未婚、文化程度较低的育龄妇女。     

庄河农村育龄妇女避孕套使用调查

目的了解庄河市农村育龄妇女避孕套使用情况以及影响因素,为提高避孕套在农村育龄妇女中的使用率提供依据。方法采取整群随机抽样法,抽取庄河市农村的18个乡的123个村的5000名育龄妇女,由调查员入户对其进行问卷调查。结果5000名使用避孕套的育龄妇女中以前知道避孕套者占75．9％,不知道或不相信避孕套这种避孕方法的占24．1％;知道避孕套兼顾预防性传播疾病和生殖道感染的占53．4％;不知道的占46．6％;首选避孕套避孕方法作为长期避孕的占63．0％;避孕套使用者中由计划生育工作人员提前发放的占90．8％;认为避孕套避孕效果好的占92．5％。结论庄河市农村育龄妇女不知道避孕套兼顾预防性传播疾病和生殖道感染的比例高,但认为避孕套避孕效果好者所占比例高,计划生育工作人员服务较好。应在农村大力宣传和推广,来提高避孕套的知晓率和使用率。     

农村育龄妇女避孕知识及避孕意愿调查研究

目的了解农村育龄妇女对避孕知识知晓率和避孕意愿情况。方法 2013年4月—2014年4月期间在本市郊区5个自然村的6 700多育龄妇女中,采用随机整群抽样方法,选取1 200人进行问卷调查。结果不同学历人群避孕知识知晓率相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。希望进一步提供避孕知识的有785人(65.42%),优生优育知识220人(18.33%),节育相关知识151人(12.58%),两性相关知识43人(3.58%)。结论农村育龄妇女紧急避孕药知识知晓率和避孕需求人数的比率相对较低。加强对农村育龄妇女避孕知识的宣传教育、普及避孕常识和紧急避孕措施等知识对有效减少非意愿妊娠和保护妇女身心健康至关重要。     

浙江省育龄妇女紧急避孕知识调查

为调查浙江省育龄妇女对紧急避孕知识的掌握状况及知识来源途径 ,随机访谈来院就诊的育龄妇女 ,调查其对紧急避孕知识的知晓程度、实践及来源等问题 ,并将结果进行分类、归纳、总结。结果表明 :浙江省育龄妇女的紧急避孕知识知晓率为 2 8.2 % ,未婚者知晓率为 6.3% ,已婚者为 30 .4% ,文盲及半文盲、初级、中级、高级文化程度者知晓率分别为 1 2 .0 %、 2 0 .0 %、 30 .4%、 33.1 % ,工人、农民、营业员及其他职业知晓率为 2 6.5% ,职员、干部、教师、科技人员为 40 .7%。知识来源途径与婚姻状况、文化程度、职业均有显著性差异 (P<0 .0 1 )。     

上海市育龄妇女紧急避孕知识和意识调查

为了解上海市育龄妇女紧急避孕意识和知识水平及需求,1998年3～5月随机抽查10017例18～49岁的上海市育龄妇女。结果表明,知道紧急避孕者占28.2％,且在不同婚姻状况、年龄、文化程度、职业间存在显著差异:已婚者紧急避孕知晓率高于未婚者;25岁以上者知晓率明显高于25岁以下者;初中及以上文化程度者知晓率远高于文盲组和小学组;科技人员、职员及行政干部组知晓率高于农民组和其他组。紧急避孕知识来源于计划生育干部的途径为最高,达50.2％,且在不同婚姻状况、年龄、文化程度、职业间存在显著差异。已婚者紧急避孕服务需求地点以单位医务室、社区咨询站为最高。可见,目前上海市育龄妇女紧急避孕知识较为缺乏,应加强紧急避孕知识的宣传,提供紧急避孕服务。     

辽宁省农村育龄妇女药物流产知晓率影响因素调查

目的：调查分析辽宁省农村育龄妇女药物流产知晓影响因素和知识需求,为促进国家＂十一五＂农村卫生适宜技术在辽宁农村地区的推广提供依据。方法：采取整群随机抽样的方法,对辽宁省6个示范县11500名18～45岁的农村育龄妇女进行问卷调查。结果：调查对象对药物流产的知晓率为66.7%,育龄妇女的年龄、文化程度、职业、人均年收入、婚否、孕史、丈夫民族、丈夫文化程度等均是药物流产知晓影响因素;在选择获取药物流产知识的途径中,均以通过计划生育人员宣传最高。结论：在6个适宜技术推广示范县中有部分育龄妇女不了解药物流产,应加大计划生育人员的宣传力度以提高育龄妇女知晓率。     

北京市怀柔山区人户分离已婚育龄妇女避孕节育现状调查

目的:了解怀柔山区人户分离已婚育龄妇女避孕节育知识知晓程度和接受避孕节育服务情况,为改善服务质量提供依据。方法:采用随机数字表法,抽取3 900名居住在怀柔区2个街道及城区附近各镇的居(村)、但户籍在本区北部山区5个乡镇(喇叭沟门满族乡、长哨营满族乡、汤口镇、宝山镇、琉璃庙镇)的人户分离已婚育龄妇女为调查对象进行问卷调查。结果:有效问卷3 876份,调查对象在2009年度接受避孕节育知识教育比例89.04%,紧急避孕知晓率85.91%,其中对紧急避孕药的认知度高达95.07%,放置含铜宫内节育器进行紧急避孕的认知度仅为5.95%;避孕措施失败率为6.22%;对在社区可获得避孕药具的知晓率仅5.21%。结论:怀柔区人户分离已婚育龄妇女避孕节育服务参与率较高,但知识和政策知晓率较低。计划生育服务部门应针对人群特点,充分发挥社区卫生服务机构功能,开展避孕节育知识和政策的宣传教育。     

育龄妇女避孕套知识掌握情况的调查

目的了解避孕套知识在育龄妇女中的掌握情况,为十一五农村卫生适宜技术推广宣传避孕套提供依据。方法采用横断面调查法,对庄河市18乡50村2436名18—45岁育龄妇女进行问卷调查。结果不知道避孕套避孕方法的占4．8％,其中未婚占83．6％,已婚占16．4％;不知道避孕套可防性病的占48．7％,其中未婚占62．3％,已婚占37．7％;不能正确说出避孕套使用方法的占16．20％,其中未婚占69．5％,已婚占30．5％。结论在育龄妇女中,应加强宣传用避孕套有避孕和防病双重功效,并且把未婚女青年作为计划生育宣传教育工作的重点对象。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.