体外膜肺氧合患者功能锻炼的最佳证据总结

目的 总结体外膜肺氧合患者功能锻炼的最佳证据,为制定科学的体外膜肺氧合患者功能锻炼方案提供参考。方法 系统检索国内外相关指南网站、循证数据库、相关协会网站及学术文献数据库等关于体外膜肺氧合患者功能锻炼的相关证据。检索时限为建库至2023年6月。由2名经过循证医学方法学培训的研究人员对所纳入的文献进行质量评价。结果 共纳入12篇文献,包括指南2篇,系统评价5篇,专家共识3篇,随机对照试验2篇。最终提取出了前期准备、评估、运动方法和安全监测4个方面共35条最佳证据。结论 总结的最佳证据可为开展体外膜肺氧合患者功能锻炼提供依据,从而为患者提供个性化的康复训练方案。     

宫颈癌根治术后患者下肢淋巴水肿自我护理的最佳证据总结

目的 检索、评价和汇总宫颈癌根治术后患者下肢淋巴水肿自我护理的最佳证据，为临床护理工作提供参考。 方法 按照“6S”金字塔模型系统检索国内外数据库关于宫颈癌根治术后患者下肢淋巴水肿自我护理的证据，包括临床决策、指南、证据汇总、推荐实践、系统评价及专家共识。检索时限从建库至2022年1月。 结果 共纳入11篇文献，包括临床决策1篇、指南3篇、系统评价3篇、证据总结1篇、专家共识3篇。证据主要涉及危险因素、自我护理措施、健康教育与随访3个方面，包含10个亚主题共23条证据。 结论 临床医护人员应将临床具体情景与循证医学证据相结合，选择有针对性的最佳证据，为下肢淋巴水肿患者提供科学的护理指导，提升患者自我护理能力。     

维持性血液透析患者透析中运动锻炼的最佳证据总结

目的 总结维持性血液透析患者透析中运动锻炼的最佳证据，为指导血液透析患者透析治疗中运动锻炼提供参考。 方法 按照证据金字塔模型，检索维持性血液透析患者透析中运动锻炼的相关文献，检索时限从建库至2021年7月31日。采用乔安娜布里格斯研究所循证卫生保健中心相对应的文献评价标准和证据分级系统进行文献质量评价与证据等级划分。 结果 共纳入文献11篇，包括指南1篇、专家共识1篇、系统评价9篇，汇总血液透析中运动必要性、运动禁忌证、运动安全性、运动益处、运动时间、运动频率、运动强度、运动程序方式、运动指导监督、注意事项10个方面共38条最佳证据。 结论 总结的维持性血液透析患者透析中运动证据全面、实用，血液透析护士可应用证据指导血液透析患者进行透析中运动锻炼。     

心脏术后患者ICU早期康复锻炼的最佳证据总结

目的 提取并总结心脏术后患者ICU早期康复锻炼的最佳证据,为临床早期康复的开展提供参考.方法 计算机检索Med-line、Up To Date、PubMed、Cochrane Library、CINAHL、JBI循证卫生保健数据库及万方、知网、医脉通数据库,根据纳排标准选取临床指南、专家共识、最佳证据总结、系统评价等,由2名研究人员进行文献质量评价后提取证据.结果 共纳入12篇文献,从组建多学科团队、康复前评估、制订康复计划、心脏早期康复方案、康复过程动态评估、康复后评估、心理干预、健康教育8个方面对心脏术后患者早期康复进行总结,共34条证据.结论 本证据可为临床医护人员制订ICU心脏术后患者早期康复方案提供参考,建议证据转化时,应结合我国的医疗文化背景和证据应用场所,以及患者的需求和意愿.     

下肢复发性静脉溃疡的外科治疗

下肢复发性静脉溃疡的外科治疗ＳｏｔｔｉｕｒａｉＶＳ下肢慢性静脉高压所引起的深静脉瓣膜功能不全和复发性溃疡，是一种致残性病变。保守治疗或大隐静脉剥脱术和交通静脉结扎木，多不能取得良好的效果。作者通过临床研究发现，深静脉瓣膜重建术加大隐静脉剥脱术和交通静...     

下肢复发性静脉溃疡18例的再手术治疗

下肢静脉性溃疡是下肢静脉功能不全的晚期病变，其病因往往同时涉及下肢浅静脉、深静脉及交通静脉，单纯抽剥浅静脉往往不能奏效，容易导致溃疡再发。我院自2002年5月至2004年5月对18例复发性静脉溃疡患者，进行了以腔镜深筋膜下交通静脉离断术(subfacial endoscopic perforator vein surgery，SEPS)为主的手术治疗，现报告如下。     

植入式静脉输液港相关性感染预防及管理的最佳证据总结

目的检索评价并总结植入式静脉输液港相关性感染预防及管理的最佳证据。方法计算机检索英国国家医疗保健优化研究所、加拿大安大略注册护士协会、美国静脉输液护士协会、BMJ最佳临床实践、Cochrane Library、JBI循证卫生保健国际合作中心图书馆、美国国立生物技术信息中心、PubMed、中国临床指南网、中国知网、万方、维普数据库和中国生物医学数据库关于植入式静脉输液港相关性感染预防及管理的所有证据,包括指南、最佳实践信息册、推荐实践、系统评价及专家共识。结果共纳入文献7篇,其中指南5篇,系统评价1篇,专家共识1篇。汇总后的证据包括感染危险因素/人群、质量管理、置管方式和位置、导管装置管理、感染预防和控制、拔除导管时机6个方面,共计22条证据内容。结论医护人员应对植入静脉输液港患者进行动态的感染危险因素评估。同时,应根据患者实际情况选择合适的置管位置和方式、加强质量管理及导管装置管理、规范感染预防的处理策略,以降低输液港相关性感染的发生率。     

综合医院住院患者自杀预防的最佳证据总结

目的总结综合医院住院患者自杀预防的相关证据,为预防住院患者自杀提供参考。方法根据问题开发工具PIPOST确立综合医院住院患者自杀预防的循证问题,检索Cochrane图书馆、JBI循证卫生保健国际合作中心图书馆、BMJ Best Practice、美国国立指南库(NGC)、加拿大安大略注册护士协会(RNAO)循证护理指南、Wiley Online Library、JAMA、Pub Med以及中国生物医学文献库(CBM),进行文献质量评价,并对证据进行总结。结果纳入8篇文献,总结出15项证据,包括自杀风险评估、自杀安全管理、自杀治疗护理、自杀随访及自杀守门人培训5个主题。结论综合医院住院患者自杀预防的证据实证性强,可用于临床。护理人员在应用证据时应评估具体临床情形及障碍因素,结合专业判断形成有效、可行的自杀预防策略,动态评价证据应用效果,切实防范自杀行为。     

膝骨关节炎非手术治疗患者运动干预的最佳证据总结

目的 总结膝骨关节炎非手术治疗患者运动干预的最佳证据,为临床膝骨关节炎非手术治疗患者的运动康复提供参考。方法 确定循证问题,依照“6S”证据模型,计算机检索JBI循证卫生保健中心数据库、BMJ、英国国家卫生与临床优化研究所指南网等国内外数据库中关于膝骨关节炎非手术治疗患者运动干预的所有证据,包括指南、系统评价、证据总结、专家共识、临床决策、随机对照试验,检索时限为2018年2月10日至2023年2月10日。由2名研究者独立完成文献质量评价、证据提取和总结。结果 共纳入12篇文献,其中指南6篇,系统评价2篇,专家共识2篇以及随机对照试验2篇。从运动原则、运动评估、运动类型、运动强度、运动频率和时间、运动监测6个方面共汇总27条最佳证据。结论 膝骨关节炎患者运动方案的制定应遵循运动频率、强度、时间和类型原则,医护人员在临床应结合患者自身状况意愿、证据应用情境等因素选择证据,个体化制定患者的运动干预计划。     

老年人口腔管理的最佳证据总结

目的 对老年人口腔管理最佳证据进行评价及总结,为构建我国本土化老年人口腔管理方案提供依据.方法 系统检索指南相关网站及电子数据库,检索时限为建库至2020年6月1日.由2名研究员对指南质量进行独立评价,结合专业人士的判断,对符合纳入、排除标准的指南/专家共识进行资料提取.结果 共纳入8篇指南/专家共识(中文1篇,英文7篇).最佳证据包括口腔护理评估、实施、评价、义齿的护理、特殊口腔问题的护理,口腔护理教育、口腔护理管理7个方面,共27条证据.结论 临床护理人员应依据最佳证据,为老年人提供科学有效的口腔管理措施,提升口腔管理质量,促进老年人口腔健康及整体健康.     

Prevalence and incidence of venous leg ulcers—A systematic review and meta-analysis

Venous leg ulcers (VLU) represent a major public health challenge. Little is known about the prevalence and incidence of VLU internationally. Published studies are usually reporting different estimates because of disparities in study designs and measurement methods. Therefore, we conducted a systematic literature review and meta-analysis to identify the prevalence and incidence of VLU internationally and to characterise the population as reported in these studies. Studies were identified from searches in Medline (PubMed), CINAHL Complete (EBSCOhost), Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, LiSSa (Littérature Scientifique en Santé), Google Scholar and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews up to November 2022. Studies were included if their primary outcomes were reported as a period prevalence or point prevalence or cumulative incidence or incidence VLU rate. Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria, 10 reporting estimates of prevalence, three reporting both prevalence and incidence estimates and one incidence. All were included in meta-analyses. The results show a pooled prevalence of 0.32% and a pooled incidence of 0.17%. Our results highlighted an extreme heterogeneity across effect sizes for both prevalence and incidence, which prevent a meaningful interpretation of pooled indexes and argue for further studies with specific prevalence-type reported and target population under study.     

Effects of exercise in treating patients with venous leg ulcers: A systematic review and meta-analysis

To determine the effects of exercise on VLU healing and exercise adherence, and to provide evidence for clinical practice and scientific investigation. PubMed, Embase and Scopus were searched from inception to 31st March, 2022. Pooled relative risks (RRs), standardised mean differences (SMDs), adherence rate with respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Quality assessment of included studies were performed using the Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias evaluation. Heterogeneity between enrolled studies was evaluated. We identified eight randomised control studies (RCTs) that met the inclusion criteria. The pooled RR for healing rate was 1.38 (95% CI: 1.14 to 1.66; P = 0.0008) with no significant heterogeneity between component studies (I² = 0%, P = 0.96). SMD for differences of total range of ankle joint motion (ROAM) at the end and at the initiation of follow-up in the intervention and control groups was 0.87 (95% CI: 0.22, 1.52; P = 0.0091), no significant heterogeneity was detected (I² = 59%, P = 0.0622). Pooled adherence rate was 64% (95% CI: 53%, 75%) with no significant heterogeneity. Exercise manifested positive effects on VLU healing, range of ankle mobility compared with the control group. Patients' adherence to the exercise regimens was favourable.     

A prospective pilot study of ultrasound therapy effectiveness in refractory venous leg ulcers

Venous insufficiency is the most common cause of leg ulcers in the United States. Venous leg ulcers cost the health care system billions of dollars annually, and healing rates are less than 70% with standard of care; therefore, new therapies are needed to increase healing times and minimize associated costs. Non contact ultrasound therapy has been used to treat a variety of chronic wounds including venous leg ulcers, and it is thought that ultrasound has an effect on decreasing the bacterial count in wounds, although the exact mechanism of action of ultrasound is yet to be determined. We conducted an open labelled pilot study of 10 refractory venous ulcers of large size to determine the effect of non contact ultrasound on wound closure, bacterial counts, expression of inflammatory cytokines and pain reduction. We lacked a sham control group but we compared the baseline and end of treatment assessments and noted the differences. We found a significant reduction in wound area (P = 0·0039) over the 4-week treatment period. We also found a decline in individual and total bacterial counts; however, these differences were not significant. For all patients, there was also a trend toward reduced inflammatory cytokine expression compared with baseline levels; however, this reduction did not reach statistical significance. Interestingly, there was a correlation between healing and change in cytokine expression, which showed statistically significance for tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-αP = 0·0395, IL-1a P = 0·0351, IL-6 P = 0·0508, IL-8 P = 0·0990. Pain as measured by the visual analogue scale (VAS) was reduced from 4 at the baseline to 2·7 by the end of the study. In conclusion, we found that patients treated with ultrasound therapy and compression therapy show clinical improvement over the course of 4 weeks and had a decrease in inflammatory cytokines, bacterial counts and pain.     

Measuring costs and quality of life for venous leg ulcers

Venous leg ulcers (VLUs) result in substantial economic costs and reduced quality of life (QoL); however, there are few Australian cost estimates, especially using patient‐level data. We measured community‐setting VLU management costs and the impact on the QoL of affected individuals. VLU patients were recruited from a specialist wound clinic, an outpatient clinic, and two community care clinics in Queensland. Cost data were collected at the baseline visit. QoL (EQ‐5D‐5L) and wound status data were collected at baseline, 1, 3, and 6 months. Patients were classified into guideline‐based/optimal care and usual care groups. Average weekly costs per patient were statistically significantly different between the usual care and optimal care groups—$214.61 and $294.72, respectively (P = 0.04). Baseline average QoL score for an unhealed ulcer was significantly higher in the optimal care group compared with usual care (P = 0.025). Time to healing differed between the usual care group and the optimal care group (P = 0.04), with averages of 3.9 and 2.7 months, respectively. These findings increase the understanding of the costs, QoL, and healing outcomes of VLU care. Higher optimal care costs may be offset by faster time to healing. This study provides data to inform an economic evaluation of guideline‐based care for VLUs.     

The burden of costs on health services from patients with venous leg ulcers in Singapore

Healthcare costs arising from venous leg ulcers (VLU) are expected to increase due to an aging population and increased prevalence of comorbidities. We aim to estimate the healthcare resources incurred by VLU patients, and to quantify the extent to which predictors explain variation in cost-related outcomes. Retrospective patient-level cohort data for VLU patients were analysed using generalised linear regression models. Data were extracted from a tertiary hospital registry in Singapore, between 2013 and 2017. The outcome variables were length of stay per admission; inpatient and outpatient bill per admission; whether a patient underwent a surgical treatment of the venous system; and, whether they visited the emergency department. Cost outcomes were reported in Singapore dollars (S$). A total of 162 VLU patients were included with a mean age of 67.5 (±14.4). For the inpatient setting the mean length of stay was 8.1 days and the mean inpatient bill was S$7886. For outpatients, the mean number of dressings was 29.4, and mean outpatient bill was S$6962. Heart disease patients incurred longer hospital stays and larger inpatient bills per admission and females had greater odds of undergoing a surgical procedure on the venous system. Certain VLU patient groups were found to be associated with larger cost outcomes.     

What is the effect of exercise on wound healing in patients with venous leg ulcers? A systematic review

Standard best practice for the treatment of venous leg ulcers (VLUs) is compression bandaging of the lower leg to reduce hydrostatic pressure. There is considerable variation in reported healing rates when using this gold‐standard approach; therefore, a systematic and robust evaluation of other interventions is required. Exercise interventions, in addition to standard compression therapy, could improve wound‐healing time and prevent their recurrence. We have conducted a systematic review to examine the effects of exercise on wound characteristics, including time to heal, size and recurrence, pain, quality of life, adverse events, and economic outcomes. This review was registered with PROSPERO 2016:CRD42016046407. A systematic search of Ovid Medline, Ovid EMBASE, Ovid CINAHL, The Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and PEDro was conducted on January 30, 2017, for randomised control trials to examine the effects of exercise on time to heal, size and recurrence, pain, quality of life, adverse events, and economic outcomes. Six studies met the inclusion criteria, but all had design flaws leading to biases, most commonly performance and selective reporting bias. Three studies compared a progressive resistance exercise programme (PREG) plus compression with compression alone for a period of 12 weeks. Low‐quality evidence indicates the following: possibly no difference in the proportion of ulcers healed (risk ratio [RR] 1.14, 95% CI 0.71 to 1.84, I ² 36%; 3 trials, 116 participants); probably no difference in quality of life (mean difference [MD] 3 points better on 100 point scale with exercise, 95% CI −1.89 to 7.89, 1 trial, 59 participants); possible increase in the risk of adverse events with exercise (OR 1.32, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.85, 1 RCT, 40 participants); and no difference in ankle range of motion and calf muscle pump. Evidence was downgraded due to susceptibility to bias and imprecision. Recurrence, pain, and economic outcomes were not measured in these trials, and time to healing was measured but not fully reported in 1 trial. We are uncertain of the effects of other interventions (community‐based exercise and behaviour modification, ten thousand steps, supervised vs unsupervised exercise) due to the availability of low‐ or very low‐quality evidence only from single trials. The review highlights the need for further research, with larger sample sizes, to properly address the significance of the effect of exercise on VLU wound characteristics.     

Participant experiences in a feasibility trial of supervised exercise training in adults with venous leg ulcers: A qualitative study

Exercise training can improve lower‐limb cutaneous microvascular reactivity in adults with venous leg ulceration; however, there is a lack of research on patients' views about the acceptability and feasibility of exercise interventions. The aim of this study was to explore participants' experiences of the trial “Exploring the Feasibility of Implementing a Supervised Exercise Training and Compression Hosiery Intervention in Patients with Venous Ulceration” (FISCU). Semi‐structured face‐to‐face and telephone interviews were used to investigate participants' experiences (n = 16) of taking part in the FISCU trial. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Three overarching themes were identified, along with 11 sub‐themes: (a) sedentary cautious living (because of pain and reduced mobility, treatment and perceived control, and advice to rest and be careful), (b) key components of the exercise trial (including motivation, an individualised intervention supervised by a specialist exercise professional, and satisfaction with the intervention), and (c) benefits of exercise (physical benefits and healing, psychological well‐being, positive impact on comorbidities, and an improved self‐management strategy). This study found that an exercise intervention was viewed by participants as positive, acceptable, and feasible while living with a venous leg ulcer. An individualised and supervised exercise programme was key to build confidence to exercise.     

Iliac vein recanalisation and stenting accelerate healing of venous leg ulcers associated with severe venous outflow obstruction

Obstruction involving the iliac veins and/or inferior vena cava is highly comorbid in patients with chronic venous leg ulcers and is a barrier to healing. Intervention with venous stenting is recommended to promote wound healing; however, there is limited data to quantify the effects of venous outflow restoration on wound healing. We retrospectively identified patients with venous ulcers and comorbid venous outflow obstruction. Data regarding demographics, wound size, degree of obstruction, interventions, wound healing and recurrence were collected. Intervention was performed when possible and patients were grouped based on whether or not the venous outflow was reopened successfully and maintained for at least 1 year. Outcomes, including time to wound healing, wound recurrence, stent patency and ulcer-free time, were measured. Patients who maintained a patent venous outflow tract experienced higher rates of wound healing (79.3%) compared to those with persistent outflow obstruction (22.6%) at 12 months (p < 0.001). Ulcer-free time for the first year was also greater with patent venous outflow (7.6 ± 4.4 months versus 1.8 ± 3.0 months, p < 0.0025). Patients with severe obstruction of the venous outflow tract experience poor healing of VLUs despite appropriate wound care. Healing time is improved and ulcer-free time increased after venous intervention with stenting to eliminate obstruction.