腹腔镜胆囊切除术588例体会

目的：总结腹腔镜胆囊切除术的经验。方法：回顾分析我院2004年3月～2007年12月588例腹腔镜胆囊切除手术的临床资料。结果：全组共完成腹腔镜胆囊切除术578例，中转开腹10例，中转率为1．7％，胆管损伤1例，全部病人顺利康复，无手术死亡及其他并发症发生。结论：基层医院开展腹腔镜胆囊切除术应高度重视人员培训，选择适当病例，重视术前、术中、术后每一环节的处理，适时中转开腹，以减少并发症的发生。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术1259例临床分析

目的：总结在基层医院开展腹腔镜胆囊切除术的经验。方法：回顾分析江西省贵溪市人民医院2001年6月～2008年6月1259例行腹腔镜胆囊切除手术患者的临床资料。结果：全组共完成腹腔镜胆囊切除术1233例,中转开腹26例,中转率为2．1％,胆管损伤5例,右肝管损伤1例,术后胆囊动脉出血2例,术中肝脏损伤致术后出血1例,术后胆汁性腹膜炎4例,全部患者均顺利康复,无手术死亡及其他并发症发生。结论：在基层医院开展腹腔镜胆囊切除术,应高度重视人员培训,选择适当病例,并重视术前、术中、术后每一环节的处理,适时中转开腹,以减少手术并发症的发生。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术72例临床分析

目的：提高腹腔镜胆囊切降术的成功率，减少腹腔镜胆囊切除术并发症。方法：总结分析了72例腹腔镜胆囊切除术的病例。结果：腹腔镜胆囊切除的病例均治愈，中转开腹2例，术后出现胆瘘1例。结论：严格掌握腹腔镜胆囊切除术的手术适应证，术中谨慎操作，及时中转开腹是有效减少腔镜胆囊切除术并发症的重要手段。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术并发症的防治体会

目的：探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术的并发症及防治措施。方法：选择行腹腔镜胆囊切除术1060例患者,术中根据胆囊三角区解剖关系和周围炎症程度决定采用顺行、逆行或顺逆结合方法切除胆囊。结果：1060例中腹腔镜胆囊切除术成功1046例（98.68%）,中转开腹14例（1.32%）中因胆囊与周围组织粘连中转开腹11例,因术中冰冻病理提示恶性中转开腹行根治术3例。放置细乳胶引流管287例。手术时间为20～150min,平均45min,术后住院时间为2～5d,平均3.1d。并发脐部切口感染5例,胆总管残余结石3例,胆漏2例,未出现胆管损伤和术后大出血等严重的并发症。结论：腹腔镜胆囊切除术采取针对性防治对策可有效降低并发症发生。     

102例腹腔镜胆囊切除中转开腹的时机选择

目的：探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术的中转开腹的时机。方法：研究102例腹腔镜胆囊切除术中转开腹的原因。结果：calot三角解剖不清是中转开腹的主要原因。结论：放宽腹腔镜胆囊切除术中转开腹的时机，可以减少并发症的发生。     

急性胆囊炎腹腔镜胆囊切除术手术时机的探讨

目的：探讨急性胆囊炎腹腔镜囊切除术的可行性及手术是机,方法：对急性胆囊炎不同时期行腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗的患者进行回顾性分析。结果：急性期病情稳定后4－6天行腹腔镜胆囊切除术23例,手术平均时间57min,术后疼痛时间27小时,术后肛门排气时间38小时,中转开腹3例,并发症无,急性胆囊炎病情缓解4－6周后行腹腔镜胆囊切除术14例,手术平均时间71min,中转开腹3例,并发症1例,非急性胆囊疾病行腹腔镜胆囊切除术179例,手术平均时间46min,中转开腹4例,并发症2例,结论：急性胆囊炎病情控制后4－6d行腹腔镜胆囊切除术较适合。     

探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术中转开腹在临床中的情况

目的对腹腔镜胆囊切除术中转开腹在临床中的情况进行回顾性分析。方法选取在我院行腹腔镜胆囊切除术中转开腹的患者共45例,选取年限均在2009年6月至2015年8月之间,对45例患者的中转开腹情况进行回顾性分析。结果 45例中转开腹患者中有1例结合T管引流术、胆囊切除术以及胆道探查修补术,10例结合胆囊大部切除术,34例结合胆囊切除术,并发症发生率为17.78%(8/45),手术治疗后均痊愈出院。结论腹腔镜胆囊切除术的中转开腹是能在手术过程中预防严重并发症、确保患者生命安全的正确操作,但临床行腹腔镜胆囊切除术时,依旧需要医护人员对临床适应证与手术难度系数进行评估,尽可能减少中转开腹的发生率。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术中转开腹的常见原因及预防措施

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术中转开腹的常见原因及预防措施。方法回顾性分析29例腹腔镜胆囊切除术中转开腹手术的临床资料。结果中转开腹手术均获成功,无并发症。结论术前病情评估误差和术中损伤是腹腔镜胆囊切除术中转开腹的主要原因,重视术前病情评估以及术中采取预防措施可降低中转开腹的发生。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术中转开腹29例临床分析

目的:探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除中转开腹手术的原因及预防措施.方法:回顾性分析我院2008.9-2016.10行腔镜胆囊切除术1216例中转开放手术29例患者,观察腹腔镜胆囊切除术中转开腹的原因及术后并发症发生情况.结果:本组29例患者中转开腹手术,中转率2.4%(29/1216),胆囊周围粘连致密8例,Calot三角分离不清12例,出血3例,Mirizzi综合征2例,胆囊十二指肠瘘1例,术中胆囊癌2例,术中胆漏1例.患者转开腹后均一次手术成功,术后出现胆漏1例,伤口感染2例,无胆管损伤.结论:胆囊三角不清及胆囊周围粘连、出血、术中胆漏等是中转开腹的常见原因,术中及时中转开腹可有效避免严重并发症发生,术前充分评估、合理处理胆囊三角及胆囊床可有效预防腹腔镜胆囊切除中转开腹.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术65例临床分析

目的:总结在基层医院开展腹腔镜胆囊切除术的经验。方法:回顾分析江苏省兴化市第三人民医院2009年1月-2011年2月65例行腹腔镜胆囊切除手术患者的临床资料。结果:全组共完成腹腔镜胆囊切除术63例,中转开腹2例,中转率为3.1%,全部患者均顺利康复,无手术死亡及其他并发症发生。结论:在基层医院开展腹腔镜胆囊切除术,应高度重视人员培训,选择适当病例,并重视术前、术中、术后每一环节的处理,适时中转开腹,以减少手术并发症的发生。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.