高位动静脉内瘘术临床应用

目的探讨高位动静脉內瘘的手术方法并总结其临床效果。方法对慢性肾功能衰竭患者前臂建立自体血管通路困难者施行高位动静脉內瘘术46例,初次手术血管条件差者1例,初次手术失败3例,多次手术且内瘘不通者42例。结果 46例全部成功建立高位动静脉内瘘,术后瘘口均可扪及震颤或闻及血流杂音。内瘘均自建立之日起4周后使用,均能达到透析的要求。术后观察1年内瘘通畅率100%。手术时间（60±25）min,血管吻合时间（28±10）min。结论肘部高位动静脉内瘘术安全可靠,手术成功率高,对于多次前臂动静脉内瘘失败或前臂血管无法利用的尿毒症维持性血液透析患者,在肘上高位建立动静脉内瘘术是较好的方法。     

动静脉内瘘术608例临床应用体会

目的 探讨动静脉内瘘的手术方法并总结其临床效果.方法 对慢性肾功能衰竭患者施行动静脉内瘘术608例,其中前臂腕上4 cm端侧208例,端端290例,鼻烟窝30例,肘部端侧50例,前臂三切口桡动脉和贵要静脉端端20例,尺动脉与贵要静脉端侧吻合10例.结果 本组术后瘘口均可闻及血管杂音或扪及震颤,并发症发生率2.3%.并发手肿胀综合征2例,出血3例,吻合口血栓溶栓再通1例,狭窄3例,感染1例,皮下血肿形成后皮缘缺损坏死1例.结论 前臂头静脉-桡动脉端侧吻合是动静脉內瘘的首选术式,对多次手术者可根据血管情况由远及近选择不同的术式.术前良好的定位,熟练的血管吻合技术是手术成功的关键.     

显微外科技术重建动静脉内瘘的临床体会

慢性肾功能衰竭的病人，需要做动静脉内瘘进行透析来维持生命。在临床上有动静脉造瘘的报道，但有关造瘘术失败后重建内瘘的报道不多。我院于1990年～2002年9月先后在裸眼下为26例造     

利用变异血管“Y”型吻合建立动静脉内瘘一例

患者，男性，46岁，因“内瘘闭塞3个月余”于2006年3月20日入院。诊断：痛风性肾病、慢性肾功能衰竭（尿毒症期）。2005年3月行左前臂动静脉内瘘成形术，于2005年底内瘘闭塞，行临时动静脉穿刺维持性血液透析治疗，为再次行内瘘手术入院。患者平日血压16／10．8kPa（120／80mmHg）左右，透析后血压降至12／8kPa（90／60mmHg）。[第一段]     

鼻烟壶处建立动静脉内瘘的体会

动静脉内瘘是一种安全有效,能为慢性维持性血液透析患者长期使用的血管通路.肢体浅表比较接近的动静脉都可以用来建立动静脉内瘘.1999年1月～2002年12月,我们采用鼻烟壶处桡动脉远心端和头静脉近心端行端端吻合,建立动静脉内瘘用于血液透析,临床观察效果良好,较其他部位建立的动静脉内瘘具有许多优点,现报告如下.     

动静脉内瘘术用于血液透析的临床研究

目的探讨动静脉内瘘的手术方法并总结其临床效果。方法对慢性肾功能衰竭施行动静脉内瘘术985例，其中前臂动静脉内瘘术中，前臂动静脉703例，头静脉与桡动脉端-侧或端-端连续外翻吻合；肘部自体动静脉内瘘198例，头静脉、贵要静脉或肘正中静脉与肱动脉行端-侧连续外翻吻合；PTFE人造血管内瘘84例，前臂作“U”形皮下隧道，置入PTFE人造血管20—35cm，动脉端人造血管与肱动脉行端-侧吻合，静脉端与肱静脉、头静脉或贵要静脉采用端-端或端-侧吻合。结果术后瘘口均可扪及震颤或闻及血流杂音，术后1周内瘘口震颤消失52例，彩超发现瘘口狭窄，有血栓形成，行二次手术，重新吻合后均获成功。应用人造血管内瘘术后肢体肿胀较明显。内瘘3周后开始使用，首次穿刺透析血流量大于200ml／min，血液透析效果满意。结论前臂头静脉-桡动脉端．侧吻合是动静脉内瘘术的首选术式，吻合口径5mm较合适，人造血管内瘘对上肢血管条件差的患者，具有较好的效果。     

92例动静脉内瘘术的治疗体会

对于尿毒症患者,需进行长期血液透析,而建立和维持一个良好的血液循环通路,是保证透析成功的首要条件。血液通路的建立,有体外动静脉瘘和体内动静脉瘘两种。因体外动静脉瘘的护理不便等各种原因,现基本不用。体内动静脉瘘随显微外科技术提高,已被广泛应用。1资料与方法我院自1999～2002年,应用显微外科技术进行动静脉内瘘手术92例,其中男性48例,女性44例,年龄31岁～65岁。手术方式:前臂头静脉与桡动脉端侧吻合88例,采用大隐静脉移植行贵要静脉与桡动脉端侧吻合4例。瘘口4mm～6mm,术后血流量300～500ml/min。内瘘使用时间1个月～3年,其中1例…     

动静脉内瘘术用于血液透析的临床研究

自１９８５年１月～１９９６年３月为１２５６例慢性透析患者建立动静脉内瘘并成功地进行了血液透析，其中自体血管内瘘１１０１例（鼻烟窝动静脉内瘘５２６例，前臂动静脉内瘘５１２例，上臂动静脉内瘘３６例，下肢动静脉内瘘２７例），大隐静脉搭桥１５例，聚四氟乙烯人造血管（ＰＴＦＥ）搭桥动静脉内瘘１８例，人尸动脉搭桥动静脉内瘘１２２例。手术成功率１００％，１年通畅率９５．３％，３年通畅率８２．５％，５年通畅率７１．２％，１０年通畅率为４８．６％。就制作动静脉内瘘以及对国内外开展各种制作内瘘方法的临床评价和经验进行比较。     

动静脉内瘘52例临床分析

目的：为使前臂桡动脉和头静脉作内瘘更易成功。方法：采用硬膜外麻醉导管3～5cm，两端分别插入桡动脉和头静脉的近心端，使之端端对接后间断缝合，避免了因血管太细缝合困难及手术显微镜下缝合的技术要求。结果：52例尿毒症患者，头静脉直径〈1．5mm，51例一次缝合成功，仅1例因桡动脉痉挛手术失败。维持血液透析8月内未见闭塞。最长使用已达10年。血流量符合血液透析要求。结论：本缝合法不需特殊条件，操作简单，成功率高，可充分利用自身的血管。     

Effects of far infrared therapy on arteriovenous fistulas in hemodialysis patients: a meta-analysis

Background: Far infrared (FIR) therapy may have a beneficial effect on maturity and function of arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Therefore, we performed this pooled analysis to assess the protective effects of FIR therapy in HD patients.

Methods: The randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs of FIR therapy for HD patients were searched from multiple databases. Relevant studies were screened according to the predefined inclusion criteria. The meta-analyses were performed using RevMan 5.2 software (The Cochrane Collaboration, Oxford, UK).

Results: Meta-analysis showed that FIR therapy could significantly increase the vascular access blood flow level (MD, 81.69?ml/min; 95% CI, 46.17–117.21; p?p?p?p?p?Conclusions: FIR therapy can reduce AVFs occlusion rates and needling pain level, while significantly improve the level of vascular access blood flow, AVFs diameter and the primary AVFs patency.     

Construction of internal arteriovenous fistulas for hemodialysis using Inokuchi’s vascular stapler

Using Inokuchi’s vascular stapler, arteriovenous fistulas with an end-to-end fashion for hemodialysis were constructed in 80 patients (82 limbs) with chronic renal failure. In 76 patients and 76 limbs (95%) of a total of 80 patients, the fistulas were patent and hemodialysis could be effectively carried out. Use of Inokuchi’s vascular stapler facilitated a rapid construction of subcutaneous end-to-end arteriovenous fistulas, and no particular training in vascular surgery was required for the operator. Since the anastomosis was constructed in an end-to-end fashion, complications such as swollen hand, peripheral steal syndrome and cardiac failure were nil.     

Surgical management of dural arteriovenous fistulas with transosseous arterial feeders involving the jugular bulb

Dural arteriovenous fistulas located in the vicinity of the jugular foramen are complex vascular malformations and belong to the most challenging skull base lesions to treat. The authors comprehensively analyze multiple features in a series of dural arteriovenous fistulas with transosseous arterial feeders involving the jugular bulb. Four patients who underwent surgery via the transcondylar approach to treat dural arteriovenous fistulas around the jugular foramen were retrospectively reviewed. Previously, endovascular treatment was attempted in all patients. The success of the surgical treatment was examined with postoperative angiography. Complete obliteration of the dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) was achieved in three patients, and significant flow reduction in one individual. All patients had a good postoperative outcome, and only one experienced mild hypoglossal nerve palsy. Despite extensive bone drilling, an occipitocervical fusion was necessary in only one patient with bilateral lesions. The use of an individually tailored transcondylar approach to treat dural arteriovenous fistulas at the region of the jugular foramen is most effective. This approach allows for complete obliteration of the connecting arterial feeders, and removal of bony structures containing pathological vessels.     

Dural arteriovenous fistulas of the cavernous sinus with onset of intracerebral haemorrhage mimicking hypertensive putaminal hemorrhage

Summary We describe a patient with dural arteriovenous fistulas of the cavernous sinus (CS-dAVFs) who developed an intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) mimicking hypertensive putaminal haemorrhage. Drainage into the superior ophthalmic vein (SOV) and inferior petrosal sinus (IPS) was not demonstrated on cerebral angiography, and only cortical venous reflux into the Sylvian vein was observed. In cases of venous drainage concentrated on the Sylvian vein, CS-dAVFs could indicate ICH with radiological appearance resembling putaminal haemorrhage.     

Exotic arteriovenous fistulas for hemodialysis

The rate of patients with exhausted upper extremity arteriovenous fistula (AVF) sites who have lost all chances for a conventional upper extremity AVF has been increasing in line with the general increase in the hemodialysis patient population. In this prospective study, we report the early and late follow-up results of "exotic" AVFs in which central veins are used for the outflow. Patients having no chance for an upper extremity AVF based on previous catheterization, surgical AVF history, detailed physical examination, and radiological assessment, were included in the study. Between June 1999 and January 2003, 27 central AVFs were created with a 6 mm synthetic vascular graft in 26 patients. The inflow artery was the proximal axillary artery in all except one. All but one operation was done by the same surgeon. The outflow vein was the internal jugular vein in 16 and infraclavicular axillary vein in 11 cases. One-year primary and secondary graft patency rates were 33.33 +/- 10.49 and 57.06 +/- 11.29, respectively. The early complications were facial edema and hemiparesis, both of which resolved spontaneously. The only late complication, pseudoaneursym, was treated by a graft interposition. In selected patients who have no suitable upper extremity vessels for an AVF, the central veins may be used with an acceptable success rate. Another advantage of this procedure is the avoidance of undesired femoral interventions; sometimes it may be the only opportunity and lifesaving for the patient.     

Brain stem venous congestion due to dural arteriovenous fistulas of the cavernous sinus

Summary Background. Venous congestion of the brain stem due to dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) in the cavernous sinus is rare and presents therapeutic challenges. To assess the prognosis of patients with symptomatic DAVFs and brain stem dysfunction, we evaluated the degree of venous ischemia by examining pre- and post-treatment magnetic resonance images (MRI) in 2 patients presenting with venous congestion of the brain stem.Methods. A 56-year-old woman with left hemiparesis and a 70-year-old woman with gait disturbance attributable to right cavernous sinus DAVFs were referred to our hospital. In both cases, T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) disclosed a hyperintensity lesion in the brainstem due to venous congestion.Findings. Both patients underwent open surgery for direct embolization of the cavernous sinus because there were no approach routes for transvenous embolization. The patient whose pretreatment MRI demonstrated Gd enhancement continued to manifest neurological deficits and persistence of the abnormal hyperintensity on post-treatment T2-weighted MRI. In the other patient whose pretreatment MRI showed no Gd enhancement, treatment produced a complete response of her neurological deficit and disappearance of the abnormal hyperintensity area.Conclusions. We tentatively conclude that lesions corresponding to hyperintensity areas on non-Gd-enhanced, T2-weighted MRI may reflect a reversible condition whereas lesions identified as hyperintense areas on GD-enhanced T2-weighted MRI may be indicative of irreversibility.     

Evolution of different therapeutic strategies in the treatment of cranial dural arteriovenous fistulas — report of 30 cases

Summary 30 cases of cranial dural arteriovenous fistulas, treated between 1983 and 1992, are reported. Twelve presented with an aggressive clinical couse including intracranial haemorrhage, progredient neurological deficit, medically intractable seizures, and cerebellar symptoms. The other 18 patients had a more benign clinical presentation with audible bruit, exophthalmus, chemosis, and cranial nerve dysfunction. One of the latter had symptoms of pseudotumour cerebri due to sinus occlusion with contralateral sinus stenosis. The most common location was at the transverse sinus, followed by the cavernous sinus, the tentorial ring, and the orbita. Four vessel angiography verified the diagnosis and demonstrated all fistulas, mainly supplied by branches of the external carotid artery.16 of 18 benign lesions were treated by endovascular therapy alone. Two recent patients received adjuvant stereotactic radiosurgery. Among these 18 patients 2 remained untreated, one because of spontaneous fistula thrombosis prior to therapy and one because of poor medical condition.12 of 16 treated benign dural fistulas were partially occluded. in 6 of them spontaneous fistula thrombosis occurred during the following months. Total endovascular obliteration was achieved in the remaining 4 patients.7 of 12 aggressive fistulas were embolized only, one of them having additional radiosurgery. Two of them were totally obliterated and five partially. Surgery was performed in the remaining 5 aggressive fistulas. Complete microsurgical excision was achieved in 2 and partial in further two, who presented initially with a lifethreatening intracerebral clot. In one early case ligation of the external carotid artery was done, which is now obsolete. Over all 20 of 28 treated patients became asymptomatic or improved clinically.3 of the remaining 8 patients were unchanged, two deteriorated despite therapy, and 3 worsened after therapy. All of the latter complications occurred early in our series due to thomboembolic events during the procedure. One surgical patient suffered from a new facial nerve palsy postoperatively. Follow up time in all treated patients was between 1 and 139 months with a mean of 48,3 months.