不同性别青年脑出血临床分析

回顾分析近5年不同性别青年脑出血患者临床资料,男性60例、女性28例,男女比例约为2.14∶1。诸多危险因素中,男性吸烟（35%对0,P=0.000）、饮酒（28.33%对0,P=0.002）比例高于女性,女性高脂血症比例高于男性（10.71%对0,P=0.030）。男性脑出血病因以高血压居多（40%对14.29%,P=0.016）、女性以脑血管畸形为主（50%对23.33%,P=0.012）,男性脑出血好发部位主要位于基底节（35%对14.29%,P=0.045）、女性以脑叶为主（67.86%对40%,P=0.015）。提示不同性别青年脑出血在危险因素、出血部位、病因方面均存在差异。     

High ethanol consumption as risk factor for intracerebral hemorrhage in young and middle-aged people

We examined the prevalence of high ethanol intake, hypertension, and other risk factors for intracerebral hemorrhage in a case-control study of 24 young and middle-aged patients with intracerebral hemorrhage. We recorded ethanol consumption, history of hypertension, liver disease, cigarette smoking, and mild or severe coagulation disorder in each case of intracerebral hemorrhage and in 48 control patients matched by sex and age. In univariate matched analyses, the frequencies of high ethanol intake (p = 0.009), hypertension (p = 0.05), and coagulation disorder (p = 0.05) were higher in the cases than in the controls. After controlling for possible confounding factors, we found that high ethanol intake and hypertension were the only independent risk factors for intracerebral hemorrhage (p = 0.02 and p = 0.05, respectively). The hemorrhagic lesion found in cases with a high ethanol intake tended to be located in the cerebral lobes (p = 0.01), contrasting with the typical basal ganglia location of hypertensive hematomas (p = 0.009). We conclude that chronic, high ethanol intake should be considered as an important risk factor for lobar hematomas in young and middle-aged people.     

Primary intracerebral hemorrhage and heart weight: a clinicopathologic case-control review of 218 patients

The mean heart weight as a measure of arterial hypertension of patients who died from spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (primary intracerebral hemorrhage or PIH) was compared with that of controls from the same autopsy population. All patients with valvular or congenital heart disease or disease processes associated with myocardial infiltration were excluded. In 206 cases of PIH, hypertension was diagnosed if heart weight greater than or equal to the mean heart weight of autopsy controls for either sex, plus 1.5 SD. Only 94 (46%) of all cases of PIH were hypertensive by this criterion. However, hypertension was five times more frequent in the cases than in the controls. The site of hemorrhage was clearly defined in 183 cases (88.8%) only. Of these, 80 (43.7%) had lobar hemorrhage and 69 (37.7%) bled in the basal ganglia. Only 26 cases (12.6%) had evidence of previous cerebral or myocardial infarction and there was no instance of previous intracerebral hemorrhage. These data show that arterial hypertension was present in about half the cases of PIH and suggest that other as yet unidentified risk factors for PIH may be more common than is realized. Patients who died from PIH had been healthy all their lives with no evidence of cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease, and the PIH was their first evidence of disease.     

90例青年人脑出血病因和危险因素分析

目的探讨青年人脑出血的病因和危险因素。方法选择90例15～44岁的脑出血患者，分析其发病原因、出血部位和危险因素。结果病因为高血压病32例，动静脉畸形13例，白血病5例，海绵状血管瘤4例，动脉瘤3例，Moyamoya病3例，脑静脉血栓形成3例，脑肿瘤3例，其他3例，原因不明21例；出血部位分别是基底节出血32例，脑叶出血24例，其他部位出血34例；最常见的危险因素是高血压病（35．6％）和高甘油三酯血症（33．8％）。结论高血压病和脑血管畸形是青年人脑出血的常见病因，出血部位有助于病因诊断；高血压病、高脂血症是常见危险因素。     

基底节区小型动静脉畸形出血的手术治疗

目的探讨基底节区小型动静脉畸形出血并脑内血肿病人的手术治疗问题。方法 32例CT示基底节区脑出血患者术中均行血肿清除和血管畸形切除。结果术后对切除的可疑畸形血管行病理切片检查,均证实为脑动静脉畸形。术后MRI及MRA检查均未见脑血管畸形。术后3个月随访ADL分级,Ⅰ级完全恢复日常生活7例;Ⅱ级部分恢复或可独立生活17例;Ⅲ级需他人帮助,扶拐可行8例;无卧床,植物生存病人;无术后再出血患者。结论基底节区小型动静脉畸形出血并脑内血肿病人行血肿清除和畸形血管切除可减少再出血发生,取得了较好预后。     

自发性脑叶出血73例病因分析

报告73例经CT证实的自发性脑叶出血,均行DSA检查,确定病因者61例(84％)。包括25例AVM,5例隐匿性血管畸形(经手术病理证实),28例动脉瘤,烟雾病、高血压和肿瘤各1例,其余12例原因未明。在30例脑血管畸形中,年龄40岁以下者29例,说明年青人脑叶出血的主要病因是AVM。28例动脉瘤中,前交通动脉瘤破裂的发生率最高,为16例(57％),且均造成额叶血肿,年龄50岁以上者13例,提示对年长者的额叶血肿,应注意前交通动脉瘤破裂的可能性。54例经手术治疗去除出血病因获痊愈。     

基底节出血30天死亡概率的预测研究

目的：探讨基底节出血30天死亡的危险因素,建立基底节出血30天死亡的概率探测模型。方法：回顾性分析我院近5年来病房收治的290例基底节出血病例,对影响基底节出血死亡的危险因素进行多元Logistic回归分析。结果：290例基底节出血病人,30天病死率为13．4％,单因素X检测表明,意识障碍,脑出血破入脑室,大量出血,伴发糖尿病,缺血性心脏病,消化道出血等6个因素为基底节出血30天死亡的危险因素（＿＜0．05）,多因素Logistic回归分析发现,仅有意识水平＊（OR＝6．949,P＜0．01）和消化道出血（OR＝29．480,P＜0．01）是基底节出血30天死亡的独立预测因子,基底节出血30天死亡的概况预测模型为Logit P=-5.150 2.282X意识＋3．637X消化道出血,该模型对基底节出血30天死亡或生存预测总的正确率为92．8％。结论：意识水平和伴有消化道出血是影响基底节出血30天死亡的最重要危险因素,由此建立的基底节出血30天死亡概率预测模型对临床具有一定的指导意义。     

非手术治疗自发性基底节区脑出血预后因素分析

目的 探讨非手术治疗自发性基底节区出血预后相关的因素.方法 回顾性分析贵阳市第二人民医院神经外科2005年4月至2012年6月收治的109例随访资料完整的患者,采用Kaplan-Meier法进行单因素分析.Log-rank法进行生存率显著性检验,Cox比例风险回归模型作多因素分析.结果 单因素分析显示入院时GOS评分、GCS评分、高血压、出血量、出血破入脑室、肺部感染及血糖与预后有关联.多因素分析显示GCS评分、出血量和血糖是自发性基底节区出血预后相关的独立危险因素.结论 发病时GCS评分、出血量和血糖水平是影响患者预后的重要因素.     

自发性脑出血早期血肿扩大首诊CT分析

探讨首诊头部CT影像对自发性脑出血早期血肿扩大的预测价值。300例发病后6h内入院的自发性脑出血患者,经CT检查显示其中61例(20.33%)发生早期血肿扩大,经单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析显示,早期血肿扩大与首诊CT距发病时间短、血肿密度不均匀、中至重度脑萎缩及血     

Intracerebral Hemorrhage in a Young Urban Population: Etiologies and Outcomes in Patients 50 and Younger

Goal: There is limited research on intracerebral hemorrhage in young urban populations. There is reduced access to healthcare and a high prevalence of multiple comorbidities in this vulnerable population. We studied the etiologies and outcomes of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage in an urban North Philadelphia cohort aged 50 years old and younger. Materials and methods: A retrospective chart review of subjects 50 years old and younger who presented with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage at Temple University Hospital was conducted. A novel scoring system was used to classify the cause of each intracerebral hemorrhage. This system was used to assign a degree of likelihood that hypertension, amyloid angiopathy, tumor, oral anticoagulants, vascular malformations, infrequent causes, or cryptogenic etiologies were present. Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage was excluded. The prevalence of each risk factor and outcomes were analyzed. Findings: Of the 110 patients in the study, the most common etiology was hypertension (82.7%). There was no statistically significant difference in mortality between patients with multiple possible etiologies for their hemorrhage. Vascular malformations and cavernomas were rare (5.5%). Conclusions: Hypertension was the most common cause of intracerebral hemorrhage in a young urban population. The presence of multiple possible etiologies does not correlate with a worse prognosis of mortality. There is a need for further research into hemorrhagic stroke in young populations.     

急性脑卒中与便秘57例分析

目的 探讨急性脑卒中与便秘的关系。方法 57例脑卒中患者分成动脉粥样硬化血栓性脑梗死（ATI）组23例；腔隙性梗死（LI）组23例；脑出血（ICH）组11例，观察各组便秘发生率并进行比较。结果 脑卒中者第1周便秘发生率50.88％，显著高于正常老年人对照组（P〈0．05）。基底节区脑卒中者便秘发生率57．1％，明显高于非基底节卒中者（P〈0.05）。结论 脑卒中患者急性期常发生便秘，基底节区脑卒中者便秘发生率较非基底节区脑卒中者高。     

Intracerebral hemorrhage in young people: analysis of risk factors, location, causes, and prognosis

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The frequency of intracerebral hemorrhages (ICHs) in people aged 31 years (odds ratio, 3.48), and those with ICH that resulted from arteriovenous malformations were aged <20 years (odds ratio, 2.80). The final outcome was considered favorable in 60%. CONCLUSIONS: ICHs in young people are mainly lobar in location and result from vascular malformation. Hypertension causes most cases in which the ICH is located in the basal ganglia. Mortality and morbidity in the acute phase are low and are related to hypertension as the cause of ICH.     

脑出血并脑微出血的临床与影像特征

目的 探讨脑出血并脑微出血的临床与影像特点.方法 分析16例自发性脑出血并脑微出血患者的临床资料与MRI-SWI影像表现.结果 患者平均年龄67.9岁.14例患者合并高血压病,9例为首次发病的脑出血患者,7例为再发脑出血患者.再发脑出血患者SWI检查全部发现脑微出血,其中6例(85.7％)微出血同时累及双侧半球多个脑叶及深部脑组织.首发脑出血组合再发脑出血组患者脑微出血的病灶数量均数分别为5.22±2.82和9.71±3.50,2组间微出血病灶数量存在统计学差异(P=0.013).结论 脑微出血与自发性脑出血关系密切,较多的脑微出血病灶可能预示着再发脑出血的风险增高.     

Utility of magnetic resonance imaging in acute intracerebral hemorrhage.

The authors determine whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) during acute hospitalization for spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) provides new diagnostic information. ICD-9 codes were used to identify consecutive patients with spontaneous ICH at Hermann Hospital, Houston, Texas, between January 1995 and August, 1997. Two investigators employed rigorous criteria to determine whether the MRI findings led to a specific new diagnosis. Two hundred ninety-one patients met inclusion and exclusion criteria. Sixty-seven (23%) patients underwent brain MRI during the acute hospitalization. MRI provided a new diagnosis in 15 of these 67 patients (22%). Amyloid angiopathy and vascular malformation (four each) were the most frequently identified etiologies. The yield of MRI was low in basal ganglia and thalamic hemorrhage. Two of 23 (9%) patients with deep ICH and 13 of 44 (30%) patients with lobar and infratentorial hemorrhage had etiology determined by MRI. Timing of MRI did not affect yield.     

自发性脑出血患者出现远隔部位病灶的相关因素分析

目的探讨脑出血患者出现远隔部位弥散受限病灶(R-DWILs)的相关因素。方法选择金华市中心医院神经内科自2018年1月至2019年12月收治的203例自发性脑出血患者进入研究,根据是否存在R-DWILs将患者分为阳性组(39例)及阴性组(164例),分析阳性组患者R-DWILs基本情况并比较2组患者临床资料及实验室检查结果;随后将P<0.1的项目纳入多因素Logistic回归分析,明确导致R-DWILs出现的独立影响因素。结果39例(19.2%)脑出血患者中共检测到55个R-DWILs,其中皮层-皮层下45个(81.8%),基底节区8个(14.5%),脑干1个(1.8%),小脑1个(1.8%)。病灶的直径为2~20 mm,呈圆形或椭圆形、片状、不规则形等。共计42个(76.4%)病灶在血肿的对侧半球,患者R-DWILs的数量为1~3个。阳性组患者收缩压、舒张压、白细胞计数(WBC)、中性粒细胞计数、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(NLR)、空腹血糖均较阴性组患者明显升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,空腹血糖(OR=1.632,95%CI:1.213~2.072,P=0.015)、中性粒细胞计数(OR=1.037,95%CI:1.019~1.581,P=0.042)及NLR(OR=2.151,95%CI:1.397~2.733,P=0.003)是R-DWILs出现的独立影响因素。结论R-DWILs在脑出血患者中常见,以皮层-皮层下多见,且好发于血肿的对侧半球。空腹血糖、中性粒细胞计数及NLR偏高患者更易出现R-DWILs。     

Hypertension as a risk factor for spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage

To better define the etiologic importance of hypertension for spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage, hospital records were studied for all patients sustaining intracerebral hemorrhage during 1982 in the Cincinnati metropolitan area. Hypertension pre-dating the hemorrhage was present in 45% (69 of 154), as determined by history. A more inclusive definition of hypertension, combining those with a positive history with those found to have left ventricular hypertrophy by electrocardiogram or cardiomegaly by chest radiography, applied in 56% (87 of 154). The cases were compared to controls with and without hypertension derived from the NHANES II study of blood pressure (n = 16,204) to determine relative risk. For the presence of hypertension by history, the relative risk of intracerebral hemorrhage was 3.9 (95% confidence interval, 2.7 to 5.7). For the inclusive definition of hypertension, the relative risk was 5.4 (3.7 to 7.9). Relative risk was also determined for hypertension in blacks (= 4.4), age greater than 70 (= 7), prior cerebral infarction (= 22), and diabetes (= 3). We conclude that the term "hypertensive hemorrhage" should be used very selectively, particularly in whites, and propose that hypertension be viewed as one of several important risk factors for spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage.     

Lack of association of lobar intracerebral hemorrhage with apolipoprotein E genotype in an unselected population

BACKGROUND: Both the upsilon2 and upsilon4 alleles of the apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) have been reported to be overrepresented in lobar intracerebral hemorrhage and to be associated with cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). These studies were performed primarily on the North American population and investigated in partly selected patient cohorts. METHODS: 193 consecutive patients suffering from primary intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) were included in our study. The localization of the ICH, i.e. cortico-subcortical, deep white matter, basal ganglia, brainstem and cerebellum, was put in relation to the APOE genotype and vascular risk factors. In 101 of these patients, the APOE genotype was also correlated to the presence and distribution of microbleeds and other microangiopathy-related damage, as shown by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). RESULTS: We found neither an association of a specific APOE genotype with ICH localization nor with microangiopathy-related MRI findings. CONCLUSIONS: In our study of an unselected Central European population, the APOE genotype was not confirmed as a candidate for providing additional diagnostic and potentially prognostic information in patients with ICH.     

高血压性基底节区脑出血患者血清S100钙结合蛋白B、神经特异性烯醇化酶水平对病情的评估及预后的预测价值

目的探讨高血压性基底节区脑出血患者血清S100钙结合蛋白B(S100B)、神经特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)水平对病情评估及预后的预测价值。方法检测60例高血压性基底节区脑出血患者及30名正常对照者的血清S100B、NSE水平。于脑出血后3个月采用m RS评分评价患者的预后。结果脑出血组及脑出血轻度、中度、重度亚组患者各时间点间血清S100B及NSE水平差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。LSD多重比较显示,脑出血组及脑出血轻度、中度、重度亚组间各时间点血清S100B及NSE水平差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。脑出血组轻度、中度、重度亚组及正常对照组间第1 d、第7 d血清S100B(F=350.425,F=109.170;均P<0.05)及NSE水平(F=103.296,F=63.300;均P<0.05)差异有统计学意义,第90 d差异无统计学意义(F=0.347,P=0.791;F=1.470,P=0.233)。与正常对照组比较,脑出血组及脑出血轻度、中度、重度亚组第1 d、第7 d血清S100B及NSE水平差异有统计学意义(均P>0.05),第90 d差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。LSD多重比较分析显示,脑出血轻度亚组与中度、重度亚组及正常对照组第1 d、第7 d血清S100B及NSE差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05),第90 d差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。入院第1 d血清S100B及NES水平与颅内血肿量呈正相关(r=0.818,r=0.619;均P<0.01)。与预后不良亚组比较,预后良好亚组第1 d血清S100B及NSE水平显著降低(P=0.041,P=0.018),两组间第7 d及第90 d血清S100B(P=0.101,P=0.468)及NSE(P=0.077,P=0.980)差异无统计学意义。破入脑室亚组患者第1 d及第7 d血清S100B、NSE水平显著明显高于未破入脑室组(均P<0.05),两组第90 d血清S100B、NSE水平差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论血清S100B、NSE水平可以反映脑损伤的严重程度、预测颅内血肿量,对急性期高血压性基底节区脑出血患者的病情及预后方面具有一定的评估、预测价值。     

血管检查在自发性脑内出血或脑室出血病因诊断中的应用价值

目的 探讨血管检查在自发性脑内出血或脑室出血的病因诊断中的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析2018年7月至2019年7月救治的100例自发性脑内出血或脑室出血的临床资料,其中脑内血肿56例,单纯脑室内积血19例,脑内出血破入脑室25例,接受320-CTA或DSA检查,查找出血原因.结果 320-CTA检查40例,检出动脉瘤5...     

Early prediction of aphasia outcome in left basal ganglia hemorrhage

OBJECTIVES: The independent predictors of aphasia outcome for patients with left basal ganglia hemorrhage were evaluated. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We included 140 patients of 1,036 patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage admitted to our hospital from January 1993 through December 1997. Aphasia was assessed using the aphasia scale of the Scandinavian stroke scale. Univariate and step-wise logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the relationships between the initial aphasia score, age, gender, blood volume, locations of hematoma and aphasia outcome. RESULTS: Step-wise logistic regression analysis revealed that the following two factors were independently associated with the final aphasia outcome: initial aphasia score (P < 0.0001) and location of hematoma involving the posterior limb of the internal capsule (P = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: A particularly high likelihood of poor aphasia outcomes of patients with left basal ganglia hemorrhage are predicted in those who have poor initial aphasia score and whose brain computed tomography shows the hematoma involves the posterior limb of the internal capsule.