安定联合赖氨匹林直肠给药用于小儿高热惊厥急救临床观察

目的 观察安定联合赖氨匹林溶液直肠给药治疗小儿高热惊厥的疗效.方法 将40例高热惊厥患儿随机分为对照组19例和治疗组21例.治疗组直肠注入赖氨匹林和安定混合液(赖氨匹林20mg/kg,安定0.05mg/kg),对照组给予赖氨匹林注射剂(20mg/kg)稀释后肌肉注射,安定注射液(剂量:0.5mg/kg,最大剂量不超过20mg)肌肉注射.比较两组在用药后5min、15min的止惊效果和30min、60min内的退热效果.结果 治疗组的止惊效果和退热效果明显高于对照组(P＜0.01),差异有统计学意义.结论 安定联合赖氨匹林直肠给药用于治疗小儿高热惊厥,是静脉或口服给药困难时重要的替代途径,能有效保证高热惊厥的及时抢救.     

安定联合赖氨匹林直肠给药用于小儿高热惊厥急救临床观察

目的观察安定联合赖氨匹林溶液直肠给药治疗小儿高热惊厥的疗效。方法将40例高热惊厥患儿随机分为对照组19例和治疗组21例。治疗组直肠注入赖氨匹林和安定混合液（赖氨匹林20mg/kg,安定0.05mg/kg）,对照组给予赖氨匹林注射剂（20mg/kg）稀释后肌肉注射,安定注射液（剂量：0.5mg/kg,最大剂量不超过20mg）肌肉注射。比较两组在用药后5min、15min的止惊效果和30min、60min内的退热效果。结果治疗组的止惊效果和退热效果明显高于对照组（P〈0.01）,差异有统计学意义。结论安定联合赖氨匹林直肠给药用于治疗小儿高热惊厥,是静脉或口服给药困难时重要的替代途径,能有效保证高热惊厥的及时抢救。     

赖氨匹林片解热作用的研究

目的评价赖氨匹林片的解热作用.方法采用伤寒-副伤寒甲、乙三联菌苗及2,4-二硝基酚致家兔发热模型.结果赖氨匹林片300mg、150mg*kg-1能明显降低三联菌苗和2,4-二硝基酚所致发热家兔的体温升高.结论赖氨匹林片具有明显的解热作用.     

金刚藤片的抗炎与镇痛作用观察

口服给予金刚藤片能抑制二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀及角叉菜胶致大鼠足跖肿胀且口服给药能抑制小鼠扭体反应，说明金刚藤片具有抗炎和镇痛作用。     

赖氨匹林通过RAS/RAF/ERK信号通路调控子宫内膜癌细胞增殖、凋亡的研究机制

目的 研究赖氨匹林(Aspisol)对子宫内膜癌细胞增殖、凋亡的影响及其对RAS/RAF/ERK信号通路的调控作用.方法 采用赖氨匹林(5 μmol/L、10 μmol/L、15 μmol/L)作用于子宫内膜癌ZJB-ENC1细胞,MTT法检测赖氨匹林对子宫内膜癌ZJB-ENC1细胞增殖的影响;流式细胞术检测赖氨匹林对...     

双青咽喉片抗炎、镇咳、祛痰及镇痛作用的实验研究

目的：观察双青咽喉片抗炎、镇咳、祛痰及镇痛作用.方法：通过蛋清所致大鼠足趾肿胀实验、腹腔注射醋酸所致小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性增高实验、二甲苯诱发小鼠耳廓肿实验观察双青咽喉片的抗炎作用;通过浓氨水所致小鼠咳嗽实验和小鼠气管排泌酚红实验观察双青咽喉片的镇咳和祛痰作用;通过醋酸和热板刺激所致小鼠疼痛反应实验观察双青咽喉片的镇痛作用.结果：双青咽喉片能明显减轻蛋清引起的炎症反应,降低腹腔毛细血管通透性,显著降低二甲苯致小鼠耳廓的肿胀度,并能明显减少浓氨水引起小鼠的咳嗽次数,增加气管排泌酚红的作用,减少醋酸致小鼠的扭体次数,提高小鼠对热刺激的痛阈值.结论：双青咽喉片具有抗炎、镇咳、祛痰及镇痛作用.     

痛风舒浸膏粉利尿作用及镇痛作用研究

目的：观察痛风舒浸膏粉对冰醋酸致小鼠炎性疼痛以及热刺激疼痛的镇痛作用和对正常大鼠的利尿作用。方法：用扭体法观察对冰醋酸致小鼠炎性疼痛、用热板法观察小鼠对热刺激疼痛的镇痛作用。用代谢笼法观察痛风舒对正常大鼠尿液的影响。结果：痛风舒浸膏粉在3.6g/kg、1.8g/kg有明显的镇痛作用。在2.4g/kg、1.2g/kg对大鼠均有利尿以及促进Na^ 、K^ 、CL^-排泄的作用。结论：痛风舒浸膏粉对冰醋酸致小鼠炎性疼痛和热刺激疼痛有镇痛作用；对正常大鼠有利尿作用和促进Na^ 、K^ 、CL^-排泄。     

AW2镇痛药理作用的实验研究

目的:研究AW2的镇痛药理作用。方法:采用醋酸致痛的小鼠(扭体法)及热板致痛的小鼠(热板法)模型,观察AW2的镇痛作用。结果:AW2不同剂量组可不同程度抑制化学刺激所致的小鼠扭体反应,提高热板致痛小鼠的痛阈值,扭体镇痛ED50为3.3342 g(生药量).kg-1。结论:AW2具有轻微的镇痛作用。     

西咪替丁对小鼠中孕妊娠影响的实验研究

目的 :初步研究西咪替丁对中孕妊娠的影响。方法 :用昆明种小鼠 ,在妊娠第 9～ 1 2天分别连续灌胃给予西咪替丁 80mg·kg 1,1 60mg·kg 1,3 2 0mg·kg 1,640mg·kg 1,于妊娠第 1 6天解剖记录活胎数 ,吸收胎死胎数。结果 :西咪替丁 1 60mg·kg 1,3 2 0mg·kg 1,640mg·kg 1剂量对小鼠的妊娠抑制率分别为 1 0 % ,45 % ( p <0 .0 0 5 ) ,65 % ( p <0 .0 0 5 )。 结论 :西咪替丁具有一定的终止中孕妊娠作用。     

抗解浸膏的抗炎、镇痛等作用的研究

小鼠灌胃抗解浸膏0.84、1.68和2.52g(生药)/kg后,对二甲苯致耳廓炎症有显著的抑制作用.1.68和2.52g(生药)/kg大鼠灌胃,具有显著抑制大鼠足跖角叉菜胶致炎的作用.小鼠灌胃抗解浸膏1.68和2.52g(生药)/kg能抑制醋酸所致的疼痛反应,而对热刺激致小鼠疼痛反应则2.52g(生药)/kg具显著抑制作用.另2.52、5.04g(生药)/kg剂量还具有明显的镇咳及祛痰的作用.     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

The dominant diseases of modernized societies as omega-3 essential fatty acid deficiency syndrome: Substrate beriberi

About 1900, modern food selection and processing caused widespread $\text{epidemics}$ of the B vitamin deficiency diseases of beriberi and pellagra which, for genetic reasons, often expressed as different diseases ranging from bowel and heart disease to dermatoses and psychoses. But the B vitamins merely help convert essential fatty acids (EFA) into the prostaglandin (PG) tissue regulators and it now turns out that, through hydrogenation, milling and selection of w3-poor southern foods, we have also been systematically depleting, by as much as 90%, a newly discovered trace Nordic EFA (w3) of special importance to primates and sole precursor of the PG3(4) series, even as a concurrent fiber deficiency increases body demand for EFA. Since substrate EFA is processed by many B vitamin catalysts, an EFA deficiency will mimic a $\text{panh}$ypovitaminosis B, i.e., a mixture of $\text{substrate}$ beriberi and $\text{substrate}$ pellagra resembling vitamin beriberi and pellagra but exhibiting as even more diverse $\text{endemic}$ disease. This would consitute a second stage of the Modern Malnutrition and explain why some workers now hold the dominant diseases of modermized societies to be new, nutritionally based, pellagraform yet lipid-related and to range, once again, from heart disease to psychosis. It is an assumption that our dominant diseases are unrelated to each other or are merely revealed by our diagnostic acumen and therapeutic success; and that hydrogenating millions of tons of food oils annually, to destroy the rancidity producing w3-EFA, is safe for $\text{primates}$. Extensive beriberiform disease is reported here in 32 typical cases taken from medical practice which responds strikingly to linseed oil supplements (60% w3-EFA) in confirmation of identical results in Capuchins.     

What will studies of Fulani individuals naturally exposed to malaria teach us about protective immunity to malaria?

There are an estimated over 200 million yearly cases of malaria worldwide. Despite concerted international effort to combat the disease, it still causes approximately half a million deaths every year, the majority of which are young children with Plasmodium falciparum infection in sub-Saharan Africa. Successes are largely attributed to malaria prevention strategies, such as insecticide-treated mosquito nets and indoor spraying, as well as improved access to existing treatments. One important hurdle to new approaches for the treatment and prevention of malaria is our limited understanding of the biology of Plasmodium infection and its complex interaction with the immune system of its human host. Therefore, the elimination of malaria in Africa not only relies on existing tools to reduce malaria burden, but also requires fundamental research to develop innovative approaches. Here, we summarize our discoveries from investigations of ethnic groups of West Africa who have different susceptibility to malaria.     

'Very sore nights and days': the child's experience of illness in early modern England, c.1580-1720

Sick children were ubiquitous in early modern England, and yet they have received very little attention from historians. Taking the elusive perspective of the child, this article explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual experience of illness in England between approximately 1580 and 1720. What was it like being ill and suffering pain? How did the young respond emotionally to the anticipation of death? It is argued that children’s experiences were characterised by profound ambivalence: illness could be terrifying and distressing, but also a source of emotional and spiritual fulfilment and joy. This interpretation challenges the common assumption amongst medical historians that the experiences of early modern patients were utterly miserable. It also sheds light on children’s emotional feelings for their parents, a subject often overlooked in the historiography of childhood. The primary sources used in this article include diaries, autobiographies, letters, the biographies of pious children, printed possession cases, doctors’ casebooks, and theological treatises concerning the afterlife.     

Guidelines for the Validation and Use of Immunoassays for Determination of Introduced Proteins in Biotechnology Enhanced Crops and Derived Food Ingredients

Recent advancements in agricultural biotechnology have created a need for analytical techniques to determine introduced proteins in crops enhanced through modern biotechnology techniques. These proteins are expressed in plant tissues and may be present in food ingredients. Immunoassays are ideally suited for protein detection and may be used as both quantitative and threshold methods. Microplate ELISA and lateral flow devices are two of the most commonly used immunoassay formats for agricultural biotechnology applications. This paper provides general background information and a discussion of criteria for the validation and application of immunochemical methods to the analysis of proteins introduced into plants and food ingredients using biotechnology methods. It is the result of a collaborative effort of members of the Analytical Environmental Immunochemical Consortium. This collaborative effort represents the combined expertise of several organizations to reach consensus on establishing guidelines for the validation and use of immunoassays. Further, the paper offers developers and users a consistent approach to adopting the technology as well as aid in producing accurate and meaningful results.     

Ultracryotomy: development and application (with examples from the yeast cytology) (author's transl)

The preparation steps usually necessary for obtaining ultrathin frozen sections of biological material (chemical prefixation, enclosing, cryoprotective treatment, freezing, sectioning, and post-staining the sections for transmission electron microscopy) are submitted to a critical analysis. The application of cryo-ultramicrotomy, in particularly for cytochemical purposes, is reviewed. Fundamental considerations of chemical prefixation and poststaining are supported by examples from yeast cytology. Furthermore, the efficiency of the cryo-ultramicrotomy (electron optical resolution of ultrastructural details) is demonstrated on yeast cells and protoplasts.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.