一种新的共刺激信号CD137在人T细胞及其亚群中的表达特点

目的：为了分析ＣＤ１３７ 在正常人静止状态和受ＰＨＡ刺激后不同时间Ｔ淋巴细胞及其亚群上的表达特点和规律。方法：采用免疫细胞化学和流式细胞术。结果：发现未刺激的淋巴细胞上无ＣＤ１３７ 表达。经ＰＨＡ 刺激后（ 仅Ｔ细胞发生转化） ,２４ ｈ 已有表达,以后表达率逐渐增高。免疫细胞化学法显示,２４、４８ 、７２ ｈ ＣＤ１３７ 的表达率分别为（１００ ±２０） ％ 、（１３０ ±２０） ％ 、（２００±４０） ％ ,ＣＤ１３７ 表达在细胞膜表面,细胞浆、细胞核无表达。流式细胞仪测定结果与免疫细胞化学法相吻合,ＰＨＡ 刺激２４、４８ 、７２ ｈ 的表达率分别为（８１６ ±１２８） ％ 、（１２３９ ±２１５） ％ 、（２１６０ ±４３０） ％ 。ＣＤ４＋ Ｔ细胞和ＣＤ８＋ 细胞均可表达,但在ＣＤ４＋ Ｔ细胞上的表达率高于ＣＤ８＋ 细胞。结论：ＣＤ１３７ 仅表达于活化Ｔ细胞表面,ＣＤ４＋ 和ＣＤ８＋ 细胞均可表达。静止Ｔ细胞无ＣＤ１３７ 表达。     

SLE患者AMLR与T细胞Ia抗原的改变及意义

本文以氚标胸腺嘧啶（＾３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ）掺入的淋巴细胞转化试验测定非Ｔ细胞刺激自身Ｔ细胞的增殖反应（ＡＭＬＲ）；用单克隆抗体（ＭｃＡｂ）Ｗｕ３５和Ｗｕ２２通过ＰＡＰ免疫酶标组化技术测定ＣＤ３＾＋，ＣＤ４＾＋，Ｃｄ８＾＋Ｔ细胞表面ＤＲ及ＤＱ抗原的表达。结果表明，活动期ＳＬＥ患者ＡＭＬＲ有明显减弱，Ｗｕ＾３５＋（ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ＾＋）Ｔ细胞增加为主，ＣＤ８＾＋ＤＲ＾＋及ＣＤ８＾＋ＤＱ＾＋细胞则表现为减少。提示     

抗胸腺细胞球蛋白（ATG）对再生障碍性贫血患者淋巴细胞亚群的影响

利用ＡＰＡＡＰ桥联免疫酶标技术，对３６例接受ＡＴＧ治疗的再生障碍性贫血（ＡＡ）患者进行了淋巴细胞亚群检测，结果发现，ＡＡ患者外周血Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群ＣＤ＾＋３ＣＤ＾＋４细胞治疗前后无明显变化，但ＣＤ＾＋４／ＣＤ＾＋８比值，ＣＤ＾＋８细胞数目治疗前后却有显著性差异。ＡＡ患者外周血ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ＾＋细胞较正常明显增高，但ＡＴＧ治疗后却有所下降，本研究的结果表明，ＣＤ＾＋８，ＨＬＡＤＲ＾＋细胞增高及ＣＤ＾＋４     

成人外周血αβ T细胞和γδT细胞体外活化CD69表达的比较性研究

目的：γδＴ细胞具有细胞毒效应，探讨γδＴ细胞体外活化的规律将有助于这类细胞的临床应用。方法：将成人外周血分别置于ＰＨＡ（４０ｍｇ／Ｌ）、ＰＤＢ（２×１０－７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）及ＰＨＡ（４０ｍｇ／Ｌ）加上ＰＤＢ（２×１０－７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）的条件下进行全血培养，在培养２ｈ和６ｈ后分别用双色免疫标记流式细胞法对外周血Ｔ细胞的ＴＣＲαβ、ＴＣＲγδ和ＣＤ６９分子进行分析。结果：Ｔ细胞在受刺激后２ｈＣＤ６９分子即有所增高，但其增加的程度因Ｔ细胞亚群和刺激剂不同而有差别，ＰＨＡ和ＰＤＢ分别使αβＴ细胞ＣＤ６９表达百分率由对照组的４４８±１３６升高到８７９±１６７和７３３６±２９８；ＰＨＡ和ＰＤＢ分别使γδＴ细胞ＣＤ６９表达百分率由对照组的１３６５±１７４升高到３５８４±１４０和９９０３±０９７。与２ｈ的情况相比，αβＴ细胞在各种刺激剂作用６ｈ后ＣＤ６９表达均有进一步的增高，γδＴ细胞在ＰＨＡ作用６ｈ后ＣＤ６９表达继续上调。结论：γδＴ细胞对多克隆活化剂的反应比αβＴ细胞更早和更强。这一特征更有利于体外扩增γδΤ细胞并将其用于临床免疫治疗。     

凋亡细胞体外抑制T细胞活化

目的：研究凋亡细胞对Ｔ细胞活化的影响。方法：以ＣｏｎＡ刺激小鼠脾细胞增殖体系为研究对象,观察凋亡细胞预处理后对ＣｏｎＡ刺激的脾细胞ＣＤ６９表达的影响。结果：凋亡细胞可以抑制Ｔ细胞活化,而活细胞或坏死细胞却不能。同时抑制效果与凋亡种类诱导方式无关,而与凋亡细胞数量密切相关。结论：研究证明了凋亡细胞可以主动抑制Ｔ细胞活化,这一发现拓宽了目前对凋亡的认识,表明凋亡细胞主动调节免疫反应在一些生命的基本现象     

PMA对人外周血T细胞和CD4^＋细胞表型影响的研究

本研究采用双色免疫荧光染色技术，用流式细胞计观察了经Ｅ花环法分离的正常人外周血Ｔ细胞和经补体介导的细胞毒方法用ＯＫＴ８单克隆抗体分离的人外周血ＣＤ４＾＋细胞在佛波酯活化早期细胞表型的变化情况，我们已研究了ＰＭＡ对人儿胸腺细胞表型变化的影响，发现ＰＭＡ可明显下调胸腺ＤＰ亚群ＣＤ４，ＣＤ８和ＣＤ３分子表达，但能明显促进ＣＥ２５和ＨＬＡ－Ｉ类抗原表达，本文旨在通过研究ＰＭＡ对人外周血Ｔ细胞和ＣＤ４＾＋亚     

CD3ε胞浆区Tyr突变阻断下游的细胞凋亡信号传递

目的 利用稳定表达ＣＤ８ε融合分子的细胞凋亡模型研究其ＣＤ３ε－ＩＴＡＭ中两个酪氨酸的突变对细胞凋亡信号传递及相关基因表达的影响。方法 将稳定表达ＣＤ８ε融合分子及其３种突变分子的Ｔ淋巴细胞分别用抗ＣＤ８单克刺激后,检测４种细胞蛋白酪氨酸的磷酸化和胞浆Ｃａ＾２＋浓度的变化以及细胞凋亡相关基因表达。结果：抗体刺激后,表达ＣＤ８ε的细胞与表达其３种突变分子的细胞相比,其蛋白磷酸化增加,胞浆Ｃａ＾２＋浓     

雷公藤甲素对诱导CD4+、CD8+T细胞凋亡的作用

目的 探讨雷公藤甲素对ＣＤ４＾＋、ＣＤ８＾＋Ｔ细胞凋亡的作用。方法 分离后的正常人外周血ＣＤ４＾＋、ＣＤ８＾＋Ｔ细胞在外培养条件下,加入雷公藤甲素处理,然后用３末端脱氧核苷酸基（ＴｄＴ）介导的ｄＵＴＰ缺口末端标记（ＴＵＮＥＬ）检测凋亡细胞。结果 雷公藤甲素处理后ＣＤ４和ＣＤ８＾＋细胞凋亡率比对照组显著增加,但ＣＤ４＾＋、ＣＤ８＾＋Ｔ细胞凋亡率则针显著差别。结论 雷公藤甲素诱导诱活化的ＣＤ４＾＋、Ｃ     

sCD23刺激效应T细胞蛋白磷酸化现象以及其亚群的影响

在ｓＣＤ２３促Ｔ细胞增殖的最佳条件下，体外渗透化的活化Ｔ细胞经亲和纯ｓＣＤ２３的刺激后，比阴性对照多出６条发生磷酸化的蛋白带，分子量分别为〉１００ｋＤ，１００ｋＤ，８８ｋＤ，８４ｋＤ，７６ｋＤ和５２ｋＤ。用ＦＡＣＳ分析ｓＣＤ２３效应靶细胞中效应亚群的特征，结果显示，亲和层析纯ｓＣＤ２３可促使预活化Ｔ细胞中ＣＤ４＾＋ＣＤ８＾＋与ＣＤ４＾－ＣＤ８＾－亚群的比值由阴性对照的１．０８增高到１．５５。按细胞     

T细胞表面6种细胞表型的变化与大型癌分期及术式的关系

应用流式细胞仪检测３９例大肠癌患者手术前后Ｔ细胞表面６种细胞表型。发现随着Ｄｕｋｅｓ分期的增高，术前ＣＤ３，ＣＤ４，ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８，ＣＤ１６，ＣＤ６９及ＣＤ＾３＋／ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ＾＋下降，ＣＤ８逐渐增高；Ａ期大肠癌患者机体免疫功能活跃，术前ＣＤ３，ＣＤ４高于对照组，ＣＤ８，ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８，ＣＤ１６，ＣＤ＾＋３／ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ＾＋与对照组相同．     

Development in in vitro toxicology

There are three principal pressures driving the development of in vitro toxicology: (1) the need for more efficient testing systems to cope with the large number of xenobiotics currently being developed; (2) public pressure to reduce animal experimentation; and (3) a need for a better understanding of the mechanisms of toxicity. Within this, in vitro toxicology is focused on local, systemic, and target-organ toxicity. It is becoming increasingly apparent that a step or decision-tree approach using input of a variety of experimental data (physicochemical properties, biokinetics, cytotoxicity) provides the most efficient system for predicting toxicity. Examples of the use of in vitro toxicity systems for prediction of systemic toxicity and target-organ (liver) toxicity are presented.Originally presented at ECCP 93.     

Age-related changes in polyamines in memory-associated brain structures in rats

Polyamines putrescine, spermidine and spermine are positively charged aliphatic amines and have important roles in maintaining normal cellular function, regulating neurotransmitter receptors and modulating learning and memory. Recent evidence suggests a role of putrescine in hippocampal neurogenesis, that is significantly impaired during aging. The present study measured the polyamine levels in memory-related brain structures in 24- (aged), 12- (middle-aged) and 4- (young) month-old rats using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and high performance liquid chromatography. In the hippocampus, the putrescine levels were significantly decreased in the CA1 and dentate gyrus, and increased in the CA2/3 with age. Significant age-related increases in the spermidine levels were found in the CA1 and CA2/3. There was no difference between groups in spermine in any sub-regions examined. In the parahippocampal region, increased putrescine level with age was observed in the entorhinal cortex, and age did not alter the spermidine levels. The spermine level was significantly decreased in the perirhinal cortex and increased in the postrhinal cortex with age. In the prefrontal cortex, there was age-related decrease in putrescine, and the spermidine and spermine levels were significantly increased with age. This study, for the first time, demonstrates age-related region-specific changes in polyamines in memory-associated structures, suggesting that polyamine system dysfunction may potentially contribute to aged-related impairments in hippocampal neurogenesis and learning and memory.     

Seasonal variations in acute toxoplasmosis in pregnant women in Slovenia

Between December 1999 and December 2004, 40 081 pregnant women were examined for toxoplasmosis with Toxo-IgG, Toxo-IgM enzyme immunoassay. Women with positive results were then retested with the Toxo-IgG avidity assay for recent toxoplasmosis. Recent acute toxoplasmosis in pregnant women was found to be significantly more frequent (p < 0.01) during winter than summer. The incidence of acute toxoplasmosis during winter-spring was also significantly more frequent (p < 0.025) than summer-autumn. This phenomenon should be taken into account when formulating preventive measures for toxoplasmosis, especially for pregnant women.     

休克过程中肾上腺髓质素变化的研究进展

Adrenomedullin (AM) is a new peptidergic regulator of vascular function. AM serves as a hormone, which has many biological properties, plays an important role in the many pathophysiological processes, especially shock. This review will highlight the structure, biological properties of AM and the relationship between AM and shock.     

Secular change in menarche in women in Madrid

The age at menarche was estimated by recollection in 1617 women between the ages of 18 and 60 in Madrid and a nearby suburb, Pinto. The population of Pinto is working-class and the Madrid group, taken from residential neighbourhoods , belongs to the upper middle class. In both groups we found a diminution in average age at menarche, from 14.04 to 13.02 years in Madrid and from 14.55 to 13.16 years from about 1935 to about 1965 in Pinto. These changes have been more intense in the group which is less well-off economically, where living conditions have varied much more drastically.     

Uteroglobin in the developing rabbit conceptus in vivo and in vitro

Summary Uteroglobin (UGL) was measured in day- 4 to day-10 rabbit conceptuses by a competitive ELISA. Levels in blastocyst fluid, tissues, coverings and in the early fetus were determined separately. The total amount of UGL increased from 18.4 ng to 6.8 g per conceptus. The UGL content of individual day-6 blastocysts was studied in vitro. Culturing was carried out up to 60 h in Ham's F10 medium with polyvinylpyrrolidone as macromolecular component, with and without progesterone, and with progesterone plus estradiol. UGL was determined in the blastocyst fluids, tissues with coverings and in the culture media. After labelling with [³⁵S]-methionine, protein patterns of total blastocysts and of culture media were analysed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and fluorography. The morphology of cultured blastocysts was examined by electron microscopy. During 60 h of culture, the blastocysts expanded in diameter by 84%, and released 19% of their initial UGL content into the medium, independent of the hormonal substitution. Neither de novo synthesis, nor degradation of UGL was found: the protein remained unlabelled in fluorography, and its total quantity was not significantly different from that of non-cultured controls. Trophoblast, endoderm and embryoblast cells showed well preserved cell organelles and intercellular junctions, while the morphological differentiation of the germ layer was inhibited.