舟山海岛腹泻病人的病原菌监测及致泻性大肠埃希菌药敏试验

目的：通过监测5～10月份舟山海岛腹泻病患者的大便，以了解病原菌的种类和构成特点，以及致泻性大肠埃希菌对抗菌药物的耐药情况，为预防和临床治疗提供参考依据。方法：病原菌分离鉴定参照文献方法结合API试剂条进行系统鉴定，药敏试验用K—B法。结果：从384例腹泻病患者粪便标本中检出4属66株病原菌，检出率为17．18％。其中检出副溶血弧菌29株，沙门菌2株，志贺菌10株，致泻性大肠埃希菌25株（EPEC15株，ETEC10株）。25株致泻性大肠埃希菌对10种抗菌药物均有不同程度的耐药性，其中对氨苄西林、复方新诺明耐药率最高为80％。结论：副溶血弧菌和致泻性大肠埃希菌为舟山海岛5～10月份腹泻的主要病原菌；致泻性大肠埃希菌出现多重耐药。     

2003-2009年广东省食品中致泻性大肠埃希菌污染状况及耐药性分析

目的了解广东省食品中致泻性大肠埃希菌的污染状况及耐药性,为食品安全风险评估和有效控制食源性疾病的发生提供依据。方法根据GB／T4789．6—2003和食源性污染物监测网工作手册,对2004--2009年广东省食品中致泻性大肠埃希菌污染状况进行调查,并对分离株进行血清分型、毒力基因及耐药性的分析;药敏试验参照美国临床实验室标准研究所（CLSI）抗菌药物敏感性试验标准中推荐的纸片扩散法进行。结果共检测生畜肉、生禽肉、凉拌菜、海产品、蔬菜5大类980份食品样品,检出87株致泻性大肠埃希茵,检出率为8．88％;87株致泻性大肠埃希菌分别为产肠毒性大肠埃希茵26株、致病性大肠埃希菌23株、肠出血性大肠埃希菌22株、侵袭性大肠埃希菌16株。药敏试验结果显示．87株致泻性大肠埃希菌对四环素、左旋氧氟沙星、复方新诺明、环丙沙星、氨苄西林和氯霉素的耐药率均〉50％。四重及以上耐药的有47株,其中有1株致泻性大肠埃希茵对8类抗茵素均耐药。结论广东省食品中存在致泻性大肠埃希菌的污染,且检出的阳性菌株有多重耐药现象,提示有关部门应关注我国畜牧养殖业中抗生素的使用情况。     

广州市市售食品中致泻性大肠埃希氏菌污染状况调查分析

目的 了解广州市市售食品中致泻性大肠埃希氏菌（EPEC、ETEC、EIEC、ESIEC、EHEC）的污染状况。方法 1998年8月至1999年2月分别用常规方法和以ipaB、irp-2基因为探针，用菌落原位杂交法对广州市310份市售食品进行了致泻性大肠埃希氏菌的分离和鉴定。结果 在广州市采集的310份市售食品中共检出致泻性大肠埃希氏菌65株，总检出率高达20．97％，其中以贝壳类的检出率最高，达50％；生禽肉的检出率为45．16％，远高于生畜肉的检出率20．93％（P＜0．05）；生肉中的检出率（27．35％）高于熟肉制品（9．09％）（P＜0．05）；生牛奶的检出率（20．00％）高于消毒奶（0）（P＜0．05）。在检出的65株致泻性大肠埃希氏菌株中，EPEC9株，ETEC15株，EIEC19株，ESIEC22株，分别占阳性菌株的13．85％、23．08％、29．23％、33．80％，ESIEC的检出率最高。结论 广州市市售食品中致泻性大肠埃希氏菌的污染十分普遍，今后应加强对食品中致泻性大肠埃希氏菌的监测，并加强对ESIEC的致病性及检测方法的研究。     

腹泻症候群致泻性大肠埃希氏菌血清型及毒力基因检测

目的：通过对腹泻症候群中致泻大肠埃希菌的血清型和多重PCR检测,了解本地区致泻大肠埃希菌的血清群、型分布规律,所携带毒力基因及相互之间的相关性,为腹泻症候群中致泻大肠埃希菌的检测、鉴定提供科学依据,以提高阳性株的检出率。方法：对本地区2012-2013年腹泻症候群监测医院门诊未使用过抗生素腹泻患者的稀便、水样便、黏脓便或脓血便标本通过増菌、各种选择性培养基筛选出病原菌,后经生化试验、多重PCR试验和血清型分型试验进行鉴定。结果：本次检测共检出65株血清凝集致泻大肠埃希菌,分属EPEC、EIEC、ETEC,以EPEC为主,占83.08%,共8个血清型,其中血清型O55：H59、O128：H67占58.47%;共检出4种相关毒力基因,其中escV 49株（75.38%）。未分血清型菌株27株,检出相关毒力基因共5种,分属EPEC、EIEC、ETEC、EAEC,其中escV 15株（55.56%）。结论：本地区腹泻症候群中血清学阳性致泻大肠埃希菌以EPEC为主,常见血清型为O55：H59、O128：H67,毒力基因为escV、escV＋bfpB、invE、elt。未分血清型致泻大肠埃希菌毒力基因为escV、escV＋bfpB、invE、elt、astA,与已分型菌株携带基因基本一致。腹泻患者的大肠埃希菌检测中,在传统的细菌分离培养、生化试验、血清学鉴定的基础上,有必要进行大肠埃希菌的毒力基因检测,以提高阳性检出率,避免漏检,提高致泻性大肠埃希菌的诊断。     

泰州市腹泻病人中致泻大肠埃希氏菌感染状况及 病原学特征分析

摘要:目的　了解泰州市腹泻病人中致泻大肠埃希氏菌感染状况、毒力基因、分子分型以及耐药性情况,为致泻大肠埃希氏菌防治提供依据。方法　对2013年泰州市215份腹泻病人粪便标本进行多重PCR鉴定和分离培养,并对分离的致泻大肠埃希氏菌菌株进行生化鉴定、脉冲场凝胶电泳（Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis,PFGE）分子分型以及药敏试验。结果　215份腹泻病人粪便标本共检测出致泻大肠埃希氏菌30株,其中EPEC 20株（占9.30%）,EAEC 5株（占2.33%）,ETEC 5株（占2.33%）;PFGE结果表明,30株致泻大肠埃希氏菌PFGE带型种类多,各亲缘关系较近,但无100%的同源菌,同时PFGE分析结果表明在同一个粪便中有2种不同致泻大肠埃希氏菌感染情况存在;药敏试验表明,30株致泻大肠埃希氏菌对阿莫西林、四环素耐药性最高,3耐以及以上占63.33%。结论　泰州市腹泻病人中致泻大肠埃希氏菌感染普遍存在,并以EPEC、EAEC、ETEC感染为主,菌株的耐药性较强,耐药谱广;基因型呈多态分布,且具有流行相关性。     

致泻大肠埃希菌感染在腹泻病中地位的研究

目的 :全面了解腹泻病中致泻大肠埃希菌的感染情况 ,以及研究该菌感染在腹泻病中的地位。方法 :本地医院送检的腹泻病人标本 ,经增菌、分离培养、纯培养、生化学、血清学等一系列微生物学鉴定 ,分别确定引起腹泻病的各种病原菌及其对抗菌药物的敏感性。结果 :114 2份腹泻病人的标本中 ,检出肠道病原菌 199株 ,阳性率为 17 43 % ,其中致泻大肠埃希菌感染 14 3例 ,占 71 86% ,居首位。男、女感染人数分别占 12 0 3 %和 13 5 5 % ,差异无显著性意义 (P >0 0 5 )。 14 3株致泻大肠埃希菌分属EPEC、EIEC、ETEC共 2 3个血清型 ,其中O86∶K61K62 、O2 9∶K?和O8∶K40 K47血清型最为多见 ,分别占 5 0 0 %、2 2 5 8%和 47 62 % ;自腹泻病人标本中分离到 2株产H2 S致泻大肠埃希菌。结论 :本地腹泻病人标本中致泻大肠埃希菌感染居首位 ,有重要的流行病学意义 ;查清了致泻大肠埃希菌的血清群、型分布规律以及该菌对多种抗菌药物的敏感性 ,为制定腹泻病的防治对策提供了科学依据 ;产H2 S致泻大肠埃希菌的发现 ,为致泻大肠埃希菌家族增加了新的成员 ,是一种新的腹泻病原菌。     

石家庄市环境样品中致泻性大肠埃希氏菌的分离与鉴定

[目的]调查自然环境中致泻性大肠埃希氏菌的分布、致病性与药物敏感性，为预防策略选择有效治疗药物提供科学依据。[方法]1999年1月至2001年4月检测石家庄市不同环境样品，对分离的致泻性大肠埃希氏菌株进行动物实验和药物敏感性测定。[结果]检测各类样本886份，检出103株致泻性大肠埃希氏菌（检出率为11.63%），其中EPEC71株11个血清型，EIEC26株6个血清型，ETEC5株3个血清型，EHEC1株为O157：H7血清型；从鸡肠腔内容物、带鱼、草鱼体中分离出的O25：K19血清型ETEC LT阳性，从蟹、鱿鱼体中检出的O8：K40、O78：K80血清型ETEC既产生LT又产生ST。26株EIEC均有侵袭力，O157：H7致小白鼠发病死亡。全部菌株对新霉素、亚胺硫霉素、头孢哌酮敏感。[结论]石家庄市各种环境样品中均可检出泻性大肠埃希氏菌，应采取措施，防止污染环境与食品，预防食源性疾病。     

2003-2007年西安市感染性腹泻监测点细菌病原学监测结果

目的了解并掌握西安市腹泻病的发生、流行特征、变化趋势及细菌性病原分布特点，为制定预防措施和临床治疗提供参考依据。方法2003-2007年对西安市腹泻病哨点监测医院中就诊的急性腹泻病患者，用肛拭子采集粪便标本进行增菌后，分别接种4种培养基（碱性蛋白胨水、SS、EMB、中国蓝平板）作霍乱弧菌、沙门菌、志贺菌以及致泻性大肠埃希菌的检验。结果从1310份粪便样本中，检出各种病原菌90株，检出率6．87％。其中志贺菌占85．56％，还有沙门菌、大肠埃希菌和副溶血弧菌。结论2003-2007年检出的阳性菌群中主要以志贺菌为主，初步揭示了西安市细菌性腹泻病原谱。     

辽宁省生活饮用水中大肠埃希菌的检测及毒力和血清分析

目的 了解辽宁省部分地区生活饮用水被大肠埃希菌污染的状况，并为水源性疾病的防控和生活饮用水的卫生安全监测和预警提供参考依据。方法 采用多管发酵法对2010—2021年辽宁省各类生活饮用水中的大肠埃希菌微生物指标进行检测，同时采用聚合酶链反应（polymerase chain reaction,PCR）方法对分离出的大肠埃希菌进行致病性毒力基因和O抗原血清分型鉴定并分析。结果 共检出大肠埃希菌78株，总样本检出率为11.84%。水样的处理方式对水样中大肠埃希菌指标检出有明显差异，未消毒样品的合格率明显低于消毒处理的水样。其中检出16株致泻大肠埃希菌，总检出率为0.024%，水源水的致泻大肠埃希菌检出率明显高于其他类样品。16株致泻大肠埃希菌中检出4株肠道致病性大肠埃希菌、5株产肠毒素大肠埃希菌和7株肠道集聚性大肠埃希菌，除5株不能分型外，其余11株分为8种血清型。毒力基因和O抗原均具有优势分型。结论 辽宁省各类生活饮用水中水源水的大肠埃希菌检出率最高，生活饮用水消毒处理对降低大肠埃希菌的检出率至关重要；水源水、分散式供水、集中式供水中均检出致泻大肠埃希菌，其存在优势毒力基因，且热源稳定性...     

从营口市肉制品中分离出2株致泻大肠埃希菌

目的了解营口地区市售肉制品中致泻大肠埃希菌污染状况。方法采集辖区内的超市、农贸市场和小型餐馆的肉制品,按相关标准分离、鉴定菌株,用PCR法确认并分型。结果从7份生禽肉类制品中检出2株致泻大肠埃希菌,确认为肠聚集性大肠埃希菌(EAEC)和肠产毒性大肠埃希菌(ETEC)。结论此2株致泻大肠埃希菌为营口市首次从食品中分离出来,提示市售食品存在污染,有关部门应予重视。在食品微生物及致病因子监测中,用荧光PCR技术研究致泻大肠埃希菌的分子水平,有助于建立快速准确检验的机制,为细菌鉴定提供依据。     

呼和浩特市食品中大肠埃希氏菌O157∶H7污染状况调查

目的 本次研究旨在通过对呼市居民主要的消费食品进行大肠埃希氏菌O157∶H7的污染调查,从而掌握该菌对食品的污染情况.方法 随机抽取超市、农贸市场、酒店、食品店出售的食品共计15种307份,采用国标法进行检测.结果 349份食品中,检测出2株大肠埃希氏菌O157∶H7,检出率为0.57％.其中生畜肉检出1株,检出率1.32％;米粉、盒饭类食品检出1株,检出率3.57％;其余食品均未检出.结论 生畜肉,米粉、盒饭类食品中均检出大肠埃希氏菌O157∶H7.提示存在发生食源性大肠埃希氏菌O157∶H7病的潜在危险.     

2001年中国食源性致病菌及其耐药性主动监测研究

目的　旨在监测中国食源性致病菌及其耐药性。方法　中国疾病预防控制中心营养与食品安全所建立的全国食品污染物监测网的食源性致病菌监测部分 ,2 0 0 1年在全国 11个省市设点采样并检测了七大类 (生肉、熟肉、生奶、冰激淋、酸奶、水产品和蔬菜 )共 4 0 34份样品。结果　沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌O15 7∶H7和单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌 ,总阳性率 5 5 0 %。其中沙门氏菌 3 32 % ,单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌 1 2 9% ,大肠杆菌O15 7∶H70 82 %。生肉的污染情况最为严重 ,阳性率 12 96 %。共分离出沙门氏菌 137株 ,德比沙门氏菌、阿贡纳沙门氏菌、肠炎沙门氏菌、里定沙门氏菌、鸭沙门氏菌、明斯特沙门氏菌及鼠伤寒沙门氏菌 7种血清型占 80 %。结论　沙门氏菌的血清型分布和耐药性各个省不同。自生、熟肉中分离到O15 7∶H7的强毒株。对分离的沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌检测了 14种抗生素的耐药性 ,结果表明沙门氏菌和大肠杆菌中都有多重耐药株。     

衡阳市生畜肉及熟肉制品中沙门菌血清型、分子分型及耐药性研究

目的 了解2021年衡阳市生畜肉及熟肉制品中沙门菌污染状况,分析沙门菌血清型分布、分子分型特征及耐药情况。 方法 采集衡阳市各县区生畜肉及熟肉制品样品,依照GB4789.4进行沙门菌分离鉴定和血清分型;采用美国临床和实验室标准化协会(Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute,CLSI)推荐的微量肉汤稀释法进行药物敏感试验;用脉冲场凝胶电泳(pulsed field gel electrophoresis,PFGE)进行分子分型,结果用BioNumerics软件聚类分析。 结果 从52份生畜肉中检出18株沙门菌,检出率为34.62%(18/52),52份熟肉制品中检出3株沙门菌,检出率为5.77%(3/52);21株沙门菌可分为7个血清型,其中伦敦沙门菌42.86%(9/21)和罗森沙门菌19.05%(4/21)占主要优势;21株沙门菌均对亚胺培南(IPM)和多粘菌素E(CT)敏感,对萘啶酸(NAL)、头孢噻肟(CTX)、头孢西丁(CFX)、头孢他啶(CAZ)敏感度均达90.00%以上,对四环素(TET)、氨苄西林(AMP)、甲氧苄啶/磺胺甲噁唑(SXT)耐药达50.00%以上,多重耐药严重,最常见的耐药谱为四环素-氨苄西林-甲氧苄啶/磺胺甲噁唑(TET-AMP-SXT),耐药率为52.38%;21株沙门菌PFGE聚类分析相似度为48.20%,罗森、伦敦沙门菌带型最为集中,但鼠伤寒沙门菌呈现多样性;各带型与耐药谱之间未见明显相关。 结论 衡阳市生畜肉及熟肉制品沙门菌污染及耐药问题严重,血清型分布广泛,同一血清型大部分菌株PFGE型可聚集成簇。     

Escherichia coli O157: comparing awareness of rural residents and visitors in livestock farming areas

This research compared public opinions about Escherichia coli O157 (an increasing environmental hazard associated with livestock) in two farming areas with contrasting incidence of E. coli O157 disease. A questionnaire was administered in rural Grampian (10·8 cases/100,000 population per year) and North Wales (2·5 cases/100,000 population per year). Awareness was highest among farmers in Grampian (91%) and lowest among visitors to both areas (28%). Respondents were more likely to indicate vomiting (76%) than bloody diarrhoea (48%) as a common symptom. Undercooked meat and contact with farm animal faeces were identified by 60% of all respondents as risk factors who described 'basic hygiene' for risk reduction indoors. Visitors view E. coli O157 as a food hazard, not an environmental hazard that produces vomiting not dysentery. Efforts to reduce human infections in livestock farming areas could be improved with proximate reminders for visitors of the environmental pathway of E. coli O157 infection.     

Prevalence of enteropathogenic and shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli among children with and without diarrhoea in Iran

The aim of the study was to determine the rates of detection of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) strains among children in two randomly-selected populations in Iran. In total, 1,292 randomly-selected faecal samples from children aged less than 10 years were screened for EPEC and STEC. Of the 1,292 cases participated in the study, 184 had diarrhoea, and 1,108 were healthy/asymptomatic children. The conventional culture method and slide agglutination with 12 different commercial EPEC antisera were used for the detection of EPEC. The colony sweep polymyxin-B extraction method, non-sorbitol fermentation (NSF) phenotype, and slide agglutination with O157: H7 antisera were used for the screening and detection of STEC. Of EPEC belonging to 11 different serogroups, 0111 and 0127 were most commonly found in 36.4% of the diarrhoeal cases and 7.2% of the asymptomatic children. A significant association (p<0.05) was found between isolation of EPEC and diarrhoea. 8.7% of the diarrhoeal cases and 2% of children without diarrhoea were infected with STEC, but none of the isolates belonged to the 0157:H7 serotype. A significant association (p<0.05) was found between STEC and diarrhoeal cases. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that different EPEC serogroups may be agents of endemic infantile diarrhoea, and STEC strains are an important enteropathogen among young children.     

Characteristic of verotoxigenic strains of Escherichia coli

The aim of the study was the isolation from faecal samples of patients with diarrhoea of verotoxigenic strains of E. coli (VTEC) on the basis of characteristic biochemical properties and production of enterohaemolysin and comparison of isolated verotoxigenic strains with reference strains of VTEC. For isolation of VTEC from 257 stool samples derived from patients with diarrhoea were used selective medium sorbiol--Mac Conkey agar (SMAC) and media supplemented with unwashed and washed in PBS sheep erythrocytes for detection of haemolysins of E. coli. In all haemolytic and sorbitolo-positive or -negative strains isolated from 93 stool samples were examined the activity of beta-glucuronidase using MUG (4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glukuronid) as a substrate for that enzyme. All isolated haemolytic strains as well as reference VTEC were examined on Vero cell line. Verotoxigenic strains from examined samples were investigated by agglutination assay with antiserum to E. coli O157 and then with antisera to eneropathogenic E. coli (EPEC). After that they were examined with ID GN and ATB GN tests. In 93 (36.2%) examined samples there were haemolytic strains of E. coli which fermented or not sorbitol and were MUG-positive or negative. Only in 2 (0.2%) stool samples there were verotoxigenic strains of E. coli which were sorbiol-positive and MG-positive. Both strains belonged to O26 serotype and were derived from samples of two children with diarrhoea. Isolated verotoxigenic strains of E. coli O26 were susceptible on all tested antibiotics.     

Molecular epidemiology of Escherichia coli isolated from young South African children with diarrhoeal diseases

Molecular techniques were used for studying the epidemiology of diarrhoeal infections due to Escherichia coli in the Gauteng region in South Africa. In total, 151 E. coli strains isolated from stools of patients with diarrhoea and 30 strains isolated from stools of healthy individuals were collected between March 1996 and May 1997. The E. coli isolates were characterized by serotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and adherence patterns. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to determine the presence of the genes-encoding virulence factors. PCR showed that 59 (32.6%) of the E. coli isolates carried eaeA genes, 6 (3.3%) possessed bfpA genes, 4 (2.2%) CNF1, and 2 (1.1%) carried labile toxin and Stx2 genes. The eae genes were more prevalent in strains isolated from patients than in those from the control group (p < 0.001). Forty-eight (26.5%) strains belonged to enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) O serogroups and 14 (7.7%) to Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) O157 serotype. A high percentage (28.2%) of atypical EPEC strains possessing the eaeA but not the bfpA genes was isolated. Most isolates were susceptible to commonly-used antimicrobial agents. The adherence of the E. coli strains to HeLa cells was identified more in patients (69.4%) than in the control group (60%) and was more dominant in infants than in adults. PCR and tissue culture assays were shown to be useful techniques for the epidemiological study of E. coli where this organism is a major cause of diarrhoea.     

福建省O157大肠杆菌调查

目的 探索Ｏ１５７大肠杆菌在福建省人兽及食物中的存在情况,并了解这些检出菌的生物学特性。方法 １９９７～１９９８年选莆田、福州等地检查腹泻患粪便、畜食粪便标本及肉类标本２７２５份,以血清学方法检测Ｏ１５７大肠杆菌。结果 先从猪、鸽、牛、鸡、鸭等动物及腹泻中检出７６株Ｏ１５７大肠杆菌。据血清学及动力试验结果分类,３３株Ｏ１５７：Ｈ７,２１株Ｏ１５７：ＮＭ,２２株Ｏ１５７：Ｈ？,其中以猪检出率最高     

Attaching and effacing Escherichia coli and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli in children with acute diarrhoea and controls in Teresina/PI, Brazil

This 3.5-year prospective study was conducted to ascertain the level of attaching and effacing Escherichia coli (AEEC) associated diarrhoea in children from Teresina, a northeastern state of Brazil. Passed faecal specimens from 400 patients (250 with and 150 without diarrhoea) up to 60 months of age attending from 2004 to 2007 at two public hospitals were investigated. Conventional microbiology methods and PCR were employed. Escherichia coli was isolated from 390 children, 240 of them with diarrhoea. A total of 117 AEEC strains were cultivated from specimens from 63 children, 37 with and 26 without diarrhoea. No association between AEEC and diarrhoea was observed. Atypical enteropathogenic E. coli (a-EPEC) (79.4%) was more commonly found than typical EPEC (t-EPEC). Association between EPEC and EPEC subtypes and diarrhoea was not detected. Mixed infection by t-EPEC and a-EPEC and infection by Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) were rare. Enteropathogenic E. coli was more common in males and in children aged less than 12 months. Correlation between serotyping and PCR results was 0.19. High resistance rates of AEEC to ampicillin, cephalotin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole were found. In conclusion, EPEC is very common in children with diarrhoea and controls in the population we studied, with a-EPEC predominating. This diarrhoeagenic E. coli (DEC) pathotype is more common in infant males and is resistant to drugs frequently used in clinical practice.     

Transferable resistance to trimethoprim in enteric pathogens isolated in Kuwait.

Trimethoprim resistance was seen in 14.8% of 500 strains of salmonella, 43.1% of 153 strains of shigella and 59% of 27 strains of Escherichia coli isolated from stools of patients with diarrhoea. Strains with a high level of trimethoprim resistance (MIC of much greater than 512 micrograms) were subjected to conjugal transfer. Trimethoprim resistance was plasmid-mediated in all of 42 strains of shigella and 12 strains of E. coli examined. However, 2 of the 47 strains of salmonella could not transfer their trimethoprim resistance either directly or by mobilization with the transfer factors X and delta both at 37 and 25 degrees C overnight incubation.