Errores en la atención de los pacientes con enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal: estudio «ERRATA»

IntroductionErrors are very common in daily clinical practice; however, they can be prevented. Our aim was to identify the most common errors in the outpatient management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients.Material and methodsPatients diagnosed with IBD, being treated at our IBD Unit and who were referred for a second opinion were consecutively enrolled. Data on the strategies implemented by their previous physicians were obtained. These strategies were compared with the currently recommended diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.ResultsSeventy-four IBD patients were enrolled. Prior to care in our Unit, screening for tobacco use had been performed in 50% of Crohn's disease patients, while smoking cessation counselling had been provided in 29%. At the time of IBD diagnosis, the hepatitis B virus immunization status had been investigated in 16% of the patients, the hepatitis C virus status in 15%, and the varicella status in 7%. Seven percent of the patients had been vaccinated against hepatitis B virus, and 3% against influenza, tetanus and pneumococcus. Sixty-seven percent of the patients with an indication for use of 5-aminosalicylic acid and 37% of those with an indication for immunosuppressants had received the indicated drug.DiscussionErrors in the outpatient management of IBD patients are very common and relevant.     

Seguridad en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal

The presentations at Digestive Disease Week 2013 emphasized treatment safety. Anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agents and thiopurines are reasonably safe in breastfeeding and pregnancy. Several studies indicate that controlling the risk of tuberculosis when anti-TNF agents are planned presents several problems, both in the initial diagnosis of latent tuberculosis and in subsequent patient follow-up, given that cases of tuberculosis continue to occur, despite recommendations. Thiopurines increase the risk of lymphoma, but there is no residual risk when these drugs are withdrawn. Despite increasing knowledge of the risks and recommendations on how to avoid them, there remain considerable shortfalls in the application of preventive measures and, more specifically, in vaccinations. Infliximab and cyclosporin produce similar results when used to treat severe outbreaks of ulcerative colitis. Thromboembolism prevention continues to be deficient, and the barriers to effective prevention concern not only physicians but can also involve nursing staff, for example. There is still a wide margin for improvement in safety. New drugs under study (vedolizumab, golimumab) have not shown any hitherto unknown signs of significant toxicity.     

Vedolizumab,una opción en pacientes con enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal intolerantes a tiopurinas y refractarios a biológicos

Vedolizumab (VDZ), a human monoclonal antibody that binds specifically to α4β7-integrin, and is approved for the treatment of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), has demonstrated its efficacy in controlled clinical trials.

Percepción de la necesidad de asesoramiento dietético y modificaciones alimentarias en pacientes con enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal

Background and aimIn inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), diet can be perceived as a trigger for relapses or clinical worsening, dietary modifications are frequent and not derived from professional advice. The aim of this study was to evaluate the perception of the need for dietary advice in patients with IBD, to know the dietary modifications adopted and, it's effect on IBD.MethodsAn anonymous structured questionnaire with a visual analog scale (0–10) was distributed to consecutive outpatients from our IBD unit.ResultsA total of 124 complete the questionnaire (54% ulcerative colitis, 46% Crohn's disease). Mean age was 47 ± 12 years. Dietary advice provided in the clinic was assessed with a median score of 7 (IIC, 4.50–9.00). 40% sought external dietary advice, often during the first year after diagnosis (70%). The most frequent dietary recommendations from an external professional were: dairy free diet (29%), low fat (27%), gluten free (23%), and low fiber (21%). Dietary advice from external source was assessed with a median score of 7.50 (IIC, 5.50–9.50), improving digestive symptoms in 73% of cases. Regarding dietary modifications, 61% excluded some foods (57% permanently) and 11% fasted on their own decision.ConclusionsIBD patient show a clear need for dietary advice, especially at the time of IBD diagnosis. Early specific and in-depth dietary information would increase patient satisfaction and could prevent the adoption of unjustified exclusion diets.     

Patrones de tratamiento biológico en pacientes con enfermedades articulares inflamatorias. Estudio retrospectivo de 4 años de seguimiento

ObjectivesTo describe the therapeutic management of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA) and Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) in patients initiating treatment with biological agents.Materials and methodsObservational, retrospective, longitudinal study in 33 Spanish hospitals. Patients with RA, PsA and AS starting treatment with biological agents between September 2009 and August 2010 and a follow-up longer than 3 years were included. Clinical-demographic characteristics, drugs, biological therapy survival, and reasons for discontinuation or switching were analyzed.ResultsFour hundred and sixty-three patients were included (183 RA, 119 PsA and 161 AS), with a mean follow-up of 3.8 years. At the end of follow-up, a high proportion continued with the first biological prescribed (41.0% of RA, 59.7% of PsA and 51.6% of AS), 31.1%, 47.9% and 42.9% of RA, PsA and AS patients requiring dosage adjustments, respectively. There was temporary discontinuation in 8.2%, 8.4% and 15.5% of patients, and a switch of biologic agent was required in 37.7%, 26.1% and 24.2%. Definitive discontinuation occurred in 13.1%, 5.9% and 8.7% of RA, PsA and AS patients, respectively. Mean time to discontinuation or switching was 30.1 months for RA and 35.7 months for PsA and AS.ConclusionsOur results suggest that, in practice, half of patients with RA and two thirds with PsA or AS maintained the first biological, but with frequent dose adjustments.     

Enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal como efecto paradójico del tratamiento con anti-TNF-α

Anti-TNF-α therapies are used in the treatment of different inflammatory conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, paradoxical effects may occur during treatment. In other words, these drugs can induce or unmask diseases similar to those they were intended to treat. Etanercept is the main anti-TNF-α agent associated with the development of paradoxical IBD; this drug, moreover, has no proven usefulness in the treatment of the disease. This association, which is not coincidental and meets the criteria for a temporal causal association, is infrequent and is seen particularly in patients with spondyloarthritis. Restarting treatment with etanercept may induce new intestinal symptoms. There are no endoscopic, histopathologic or clinical differences between primary and secondary IBD, and both are diagnosed in the same way. The most frequent presentation is Crohn disease. When a paradoxical event occurs, etanercept is usually replaced with infliximab, which has not been associated with disease recurrence.     

Respuesta serológica a las vacunas frente a SARS-CoV-2 en pacientes con enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal

ObjectiveTo study the serological response (SR) and tolerability of COVID-19 vaccine in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and its relation with IBD treatment and type of vaccine.MethodsObservational, cross-sectional study in patients with IBD vaccinated against COVID-19 without known previous infection. SR was analyzed by the determination of IgG antibodies against the S1 subunit. Safety was studied using a questionnaire to identify adverse effects (AE).Results280 patients with IBD were included. Type of vaccines: Comirnaty® 68.8%; Spikevax® 10.8%, Vaxzevria® 18.3%, Ad26.COV2-S® 2.2%. 51.3% had AE, being 100% mild. 65% developed IgG antibodies after vaccination. The SR was higher for vaccines with mRNA technology (100% Spikevax®, 68.5% Comirnaty®) compared to those based on adenovirus vector (38.0% Vaxzevria®, 33.3% Ad26.COV2-S®) (P<.001). In the multivariate analysis, SR was related to age (<60 years; OR: 3.8, 95% CI 1.9–7.0; P<.001). The SR in patients with aminosalicylates was 65.4%, 61.4% with immunosuppressants, 65.8% with anti-TNF, and 68.7% with non-anti-TNF biologicals (P=.9).ConclusionsOne third of patients with IBD did not develop antibodies with the initial vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. The SR to vaccines based on mRNA technology was higher, and it was related to age (higher in younger patients). Immunosuppressants and biologicals did not decrease SR. More than half of the patients presented AD, being mild in all cases.     

Características epidemiológicas y eventos adversos de los pacientes con artritis psoriásica en tratamiento con terapias biológicas en Galicia

Patients with severe forms of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) usually require treatment with biological agents. A greater knowledge of this subgroup of patients and their treatment enables better decision making in real clinical practice.MethodsLongitudinal, multicentric observational study. We included all patients older than 16 years diagnosed with PsA in treatment with biological therapies from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2015 treated in 6 Galician hospitals.ResultsSix hundred and four patients with PsA received biological therapies. Etanercept was the most used biological treatment. The average time of follow-up was 2.5 years and 67.9% were being treated with the first biological treatment. They were mostly patients with the peripheral subtype and met the criteria for clinical remission. Thirty-two percent had positive HLA-B27 and it was associated with axial PA subtypes.The prevalence of tuberculosis treated previously was 5.9%, and 23% of patients received chemoprophylaxis for latent tuberculosis. Twenty-four patients had undergone a prosthetic replacement. Hip prosthesis was the most frequent. Ninety-nine cases were treated for affective disorders. A diagnosis of fibromyalgia was established in 11 cases mostly women. Of the cases, 6.6% had episodes of serious infections, with respiratory infections being the most frequent. Sixteen tumours were detected (2.9%). Prostate cancer and gynaecological tumours were the most frequent. As with infections, the greater the age the greater the risk of presenting a tumour.ConclusionsWe describe the epidemiological and safety characteristics in real life of a Galician multicentre cohort of patients with psoriatic arthritis under biological treatment.     

Manejo del paciente con espondiloartritis anquilosante en remisión parcial con tratamiento biológico: ¿es posible suspender el tratamiento?

The management of patients with AS and a good clinical response to biologic therapy is controversial. The results of the different published papers suggest that the suspension of treatment is not a good therapeutic option in these patients. There is currently no validated definition for clinical remission in patients with AS. A hypothetical definition should include the absence of signs and symptoms of disease in any localization, associated to the lack of progression of the disease and all of this during a period of time long enough to establish its persistence with time. In our experience, those patients presenting an apparent clinical remission, based on the previously established definition, could be considered for temporary treatment suspension, especially if we take into account that the reintroduction of treatment is safe and effective.     

Escala de Ansiedad y Depresión Hospitalaria (HADS): Validación en pacientes mexicanos con enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal

Introduction

The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is a self-administered instrument for outpatients, but its behaviour differs according to the clinical population to which it is applied. In Mexico it is not validated in patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD).

Caracterización y prevalencia de manifestaciones extraintestinales en una cohorte de pacientes con enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal en Medellín (Colombia)

IntroductionExtraintestinal manifestations (EIMs) are frequent in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Our objective is to characterize and determine the prevalence of MEIs in our cohort of patients with IBD.Patients and methodsA retrospective study was carried out in adult patients with IBD at the Pablo Tobón Uribe Hospital in Medellín. Colombia. Articular MEIs, primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), both ophthalmological and dermatological, were considered. Absolute and relative frequencies were used. The Chi square test of independence was used to compare 2 proportions and the odds ratio (OR) was estimated.ResultsOur registry has 759 patients with IBD, 544 present UC (71.6%), 200 CD (26.3%) and 15 unclassifiable IBD (1.9%); 177 patients with IBD (23.3%) presented EIMs, 123 of 544 (22.6%) with UC and 53 of 200 (26.5%) with CD (OR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.55-1.17, P = 0.31). Regarding the type of EIMs, the articular ones were the most frequent (13.5%), more in CD than in UC (20.0 vs. 11.3%, OR 1.94, 95% CI: 1.25-3.00, P = 0.0037). Patients with IBD and EIMs used more antibodies against tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNFs), compared to those without EIMs (43.5 vs. 18.5%, OR 3.38, 95% CI: 2.31-4.90, P = 0.0001).ConclusionsThe prevalence of EIMs in our cohort is high (23.3%) and the most frequent type is joint. Anti-TNFs are most used when IBD and EIMs coexist. Our study provides valuable information on the association of EIMs and IBD in Latin America.