A retrospective study of malignant parotid tumors

The clinical features of 74 patients (39 men, 35 women; mean age, 62 years) with malignant parotid tumors were retrospectively investigated. According to the TNM Classification, 4 patients were classified as T1, 9 as T2, 6 as T3, and 55 as T4. Fifty cases were staged as N0, 9 as N1, 14 as N2 and 1 as N3. Tumors located in both lobes of the parotid gland were the most frequent type of tumor (49%). Twenty-four percent of the 74 patients exhibited facial nerve palsy before treatment. Facial palsy was found predominantly in cases with a higher T classification or with deep lobe occupation. Histopathologically, sixteen tumor types were observed; mucoepidermoid carcinoma was the most common. The overall five-year and ten-year survival rates determined using the Kaplan-Meier method were 65% and 61%. The factors influencing a poor outcome were T4 classification (p=0.0189), an N+ stage (p<0.0001), and facial palsy (p<0.0001). As for the major histopathologic types, the five-year survival rates were 69% for mucoepidermoid carcinoma, 48% for adenocarcinoma, 71% for adenoid cystic carcinoma, and 100% for acinic cell carcinoma and malignant mixed tumor. With respect to the treatment modality, patients who were classified as T1 or T2 and whose tumors were located in the superficial lobe without facial nerve invasion could be satisfactorily treated with only a superficial lobectomy conserving the facial nerve. A total parotidectomy with total removal of the facial nerve seemed necessary for T3 and T4 cases, especially those with adenocarcinoma or mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Modified neck dissection may be necessary for N0 cases, especially those with adenocarcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma or undifferentiated carcinoma. Nerve grafting after total nerve resection is recommended for a better quality of life.     

Synchronous benign and malignant tumors in the ipsilateral parotid gland

Synchronous benign and malignant tumors in the ipsilateral salivary glands are extremely rare. We report a unique case of synchronous unilateral parotid tumors in a 71-year-old man. The main parotid lesion was preoperatively suggested to be adenocarcinoma by fine needle aspiration cytology. A coexisting Warthin's tumor was also diagnosed on microscopic examination of total parotidectomy specimens. We describe this case of rare synchronous salivary gland tumors exhibiting both benign and malignant components with a review of the literature.     

Synchronous benign and malignant tumors in the ipsilateral parotid gland

Synchronous benign and malignant tumors in the ipsilateral salivary glands are extremely rare. We report a unique case of synchronous unilateral parotid tumors in a 71-year-old man. The main parotid lesion was preoperatively suggested to be adenocarcinoma by fine needle aspiration cytology. A coexisting Warthin's tumor was also diagnosed on microscopic examination of total parotidectomy specimens. We describe this case of rare synchronous salivary gland tumors exhibiting both benign and malignant components with a review of the literature.     

腮腺恶性肿瘤120例临床分析

对1984～1993年住院手术和术后放疗的腮腺恶性肿瘤120例进行了回顾。男63例,女57例。初治71例,复治49例;单纯手术治疗64例,手术加术后放疗56例。结果,腮腺恶性肿瘤的5、10年生存为80．0％和58．2％。单纯手术分别为79．7％,47．4％;手术加术后放疗分别为80．4％和63．9％。两种治疗方法的10年生存对比有明显差异（X2＝5．77,P＜0．05）。有无淋巴结转移的5年生存率分别为59．1％,83．6％,有明显差异（X2＝4．78,P＜0．05）。腮腺恶性肿瘤的疗效评价应区分高度和低度恶性。首次术式选择合理,术后放疗是减少局部复发的重要因素,颈淋巴结转移和分化差的晚期癌是影响预后的关键。     

Unilateral multiple benign mixed tumors of the parotid gland

Multiple tumors of a single salivary gland in an unoperated-on patient are rare; only five have previously been reported in the world literature. The author reports the sixth case of multiple, benign mixed tumors of a unilateral parotid gland in a 61-year-old woman, discusses its management, and reviews the literature.     

A review of the malignant epithelial tumors of the parotid gland

This review analyses the epidemiology, the clinical aspects, the diagnosis and the therapy of the epithelial malignant tumors of the parotid gland. The diagnostic approach by means of modern radiological technics and the therapeutical problems were particularly emphasized.     

Parotid gland tumors: a retrospective study of 154 patients

IntroductionBenign tumors of the parotid gland comprise the majority of salivary gland tumors.ObjectiveTo review the clinical characteristics of parotid gland tumors submitted to surgical treatment by the same surgeon.MethodsRetrospective study with 154 patients who had parotid gland tumors. Clinical and histological data, type of surgery, and complications were assessed and described.ResultsThe main manifestation was a mass with a median evolution of 12 months for benign tumors and five months for malignant tumors. Ultrasonography was the most frequent complementary exam. Pleomorphic adenoma was the most common of the benign tumors, and mucoepidermoid carcinoma was the most frequent malignant tumor. Superficial parotidectomy with preservation of the facial nerve was the most common surgical procedure and reversible paresis of branches of the facial nerve was the most common complication.ConclusionsPleomorphic adenoma is the most common parotid gland tumor and superficial parotidectomy with preservation of the facial nerve is the most common and appropriate treatment for most low-morbidity tumors.     

Effects of benign parotid tumors on unstimulated saliva secretion from the parotid gland

Objective

Salivary tumors can manifest as abnormalities of the gland itself and/or changes in salivary flow. However, effects of salivary tumors on saliva secretion have not been studied in much detail. The aim of the present study was to evaluate effects of benign parotid tumors on unstimulated saliva secretion from the affected gland.

Methods

Unstimulated parotid saliva was collected bilaterally using the swab method in patients with unilateral pleomorphic adenoma (n = 14) or Warthin's tumor (n = 6). Pre-weighted cotton rolls were placed at the opening of each parotid duct for 15 min.

Results

The range of salivary flow was similar to that found in studies on unstimulated parotid saliva. Salivary flow did not differ between the involved and non-involved side. No difference was found between the involved and non-involved side when the patients with pleomorphic adenoma or Warthin's tumor were separately analyzed.

Conclusion

The present results suggest that the most common benign parotid tumors do not alter unstimulated salivary flow from the affected gland.     

副腮腺肿瘤临床分析

目的　探讨副腮腺肿瘤的临床、影像、病理特点及治疗效果。方法　收集并分析我院经治的8例副腮腺肿瘤病例资料。结果　多形性腺瘤5例,基底细胞腺瘤、多 形性腺瘤恶变（高分化非特异性腺癌）、高分化鳞状细胞癌各1例。良性肿瘤病例的CT表现为肿块呈椭圆形、边界清楚、密度均匀;恶性肿瘤病例的CT表现为肿块形状不规则、境界不清、密度欠均匀。8例患者均行手术治疗,入路分别选择：1例面颊部直接切口,2例口内入路,5例标准腮腺肿瘤切除入路,鳞状细胞癌病例同时行选择性颈清扫术。2例恶性肿瘤患者术后辅以放疗。所有患者治疗后随访1～5年,无复发及转移。结论　副腮腺肿瘤CT表现具有一定的特征性,彻底切除是首选治疗,入路宜选用标准腮腺切除切口,恶性肿瘤术后辅以放疗,短期疗效较好。     

儿童腮腺肿瘤临床分析

目的探讨儿童腮腺肿瘤的发病情况、病理特点及诊疗方案。方法对1980～2001年收治的57例经病理确诊的16岁以下腮腺肿瘤患者的病案资料进行回顾性分析。其中男27例,女30例。良性肿瘤42例(73.6%),恶性肿瘤15例(26.3%)。57例中,46例经手术治疗,恶性肿瘤患者术后均未进行放疗。结果血管瘤及血管畸形治愈19例,复发5例;多形性腺瘤治愈9例,复发3例;恶性肿瘤无1例复发,10年生存率88%。结论儿童腮腺肿瘤中血管瘤及血管畸形最常见,上皮性肿瘤中恶性肿瘤所占比例接近50%,应引起重视。     

The role of partial parotidectomy for benign parotid tumors: A case-control study

Objective: To evaluate the results and complications after partial parotidectomy vs superficial parotidectomy, as primary treatment of benign parotid tumors. Study design: Case-control study. Setting: University hospital. Subjects and methods: A case-control study is presented on parotidectomy, comparing a group of 25 patients treated by partial parotidectomy vs a similar group of 25 patients treated by superficial parotidectomy. All patients had primary benign parotid tumors, were matched by sex and age, and had a minimum follow-up of 4 years. Independent variables included sex, age, medical history, intra-operative variables (surgical time, estimated blood loss, type of drainage, use of collagen), fine-needle aspiration cytology, computed tomography findings, and final histopathological diagnosis. Outcome measures were early and late complications, such as facial nerve paralysis, seroma, sialocele, Frey syndrome, and recurrence. Results: Partial parotidectomy resulted in less early and late complications than superficial parotidectomy, with similar recurrence rates. Temporal facial paresis was found in 4% of partial surgeries, vs 12% of superficial parotidectomies, a significant difference. Three months after surgery, only one patient has a persistent marginal nerve paresis. In contrast, sialocele was more common after partial parotidectomy (28% vs 16%), a significant difference. Conclusions: Partial parotidectomy achieves less early and late complications than superficial parotidectomy, with similar recurrence rates.     

两种腮腺肿瘤切除术比较

目的：比较两种切除腮腺肿瘤手术疗效及并发症发生率,探讨保留腮腺功能、减少手术并发症及术后面部畸形的最佳方法。方法：将我院收治确诊的31例腮腺肿瘤患者分为2组,传统腮腺浅叶切除术20例（浅叶组）,肿瘤包膜外0.5～1.0cm部分腺体连同肿瘤切除术11例（部分切除组）。结果：随访1～3年,浅叶组口干1例,部分切除术组无口干;两组分别有一过性额支症状1例和下颌缘支症状1例;浅叶组面部均不同程度出现凹陷畸形,部分切除组面部畸形不明显;两组随访期内均无复发。结论：肿瘤外0.5～1.0cm肿瘤与部分腺体切除术治疗腮腺良性肿瘤安全可行,面部畸形不明显,腮腺功能保留良好。     

腮腺良性肿瘤切除术中腮腺导管和面神经颊支解剖关系的观察

目的观察研究腮腺导管与面神经颊支的解剖关系,为术中用腮腺导管作为面神经探查标记物提供解剖依据。方法在腮腺良性肿瘤切除术中观察和测量42例患者的腮腺导管和面神经颊支的解剖关系,包括深浅、成角和距离关系。结果在深浅关系上,颊支位于腮腺导管浅面占69.05%（29/42）,同层面占14.29%（6/42）,深面占16.67%（7/42）。从二者走形角度上,基本平行占76.19%（32/42）,明显成角的占23.81%（10/42）。以出腮腺处测量距离来看,上颊支位于腮腺导管上0.2~1.0 cm,平均（0.61±0.13）cm;下颊支位于导管下0.2~1.5 cm,平均（0.77±0.27）cm。结论腮腺导管与面神经上下颊支解剖关系相对恒定,可以用于腮腺肿瘤术中寻找解剖面神经的标志物。     

Prognosis of malignant tumors of the parotid gland with facial paralysis.

A parotid malignant tumor with spontaneous facial nerve involvement is a serious prognostic sign. Of 34 patients reported, 29 have been followed for at least five years. In this group, 20 are dead of disease (one at five years), one is dead of other causes (at seven years), one is living with disease, and seven are free of disease. Four of these seven cases have been followed for more than ten years, with two being free of disease for 12 years. Thus, it is not a hopeless situation, as some studies have shown, and not a contraindication to combined radical surgery and radiotherapy treatment for cure if not palliation.     

Prognostic factors and overall survival in a 15-year followup of patients with malignant salivary gland tumors: a retrospective analysis of 193 patients

IntroductionMalignant tumors of the salivary glands are uncommon pathological entities, representing less than 5% of head and neck neoplasms. The prognosis of patients with malignant tumors of the salivary glands is highly variable and certain clinical factors can significantly influence overall survival.ObjectiveTo analyze the clinicopathologic and sociodemographic characteristics that influence survival in patients with malignant tumors of the salivary glandsMethodsThis retrospective study analyzed sex, age, race, education level, tumor location, tumor size, lymph node involvement, distant metastasis, margin status, treatment type, marital status, method of health care access and 15-year overall survival in 193 patients with malignant tumors of the salivary glands. The X², log-rank Mantel-Cox, multinomial regression and Cox logistic regression tests were used (SPSS 20.0,p < 0.05).ResultsThe most common histological types were adenocarcinoma (32.1%), adenoid cystic carcinoma (31.1%) and mucoepidermoid carcinoma (18.7%). The 15-year overall survival rate was 67.4%, with a mean of 116 ± 6 months. The univariate analysis revealed that male sex (p = 0.026), age > 50 years (p  = 0.001), referral origin from the public health system (p  = 0.011), T stage (p =  0.007), M stage (p <  0.001), clinical stage (p <  0.001), compromised surgical margins (p =  0.013), and chemotherapy (p <  0.001) were associated with a poor prognosis. Multivariate analyses also showed that age > 50 years was independently associated with a poor prognosis (p =  0.016). The level of education was the only factor more prevalent in older patients (p =  0.011).ConclusionPatients with malignant tumors of the salivary glands older than 50 years have a worse prognosis and an independent association with a low education level.     

Comprehensive analysis of parotid mass: A retrospective study of 369 cases

Objective

To present the results of patients who underwent superficial or total parotidectomy because of parotid gland tumors in our tertiary care clinic.