凝血因子检测对肝脏疾病的临床应用

[目的 ]探讨肝脏疾病对凝血机制和纤溶活化功能的影响 ,分析其与肝脏损害程度的关系。[方法 ]采用ACL - 2 0 0型美国库尔特全自动血凝仪分别检测肝炎 33例 ;肝硬化 4 0例 ;肝癌 2 8例 ;正常人 4 0例 ,血凝血酶原时间 (PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间 (APTT)和纤维蛋白原 (FIB ) ;采用胶体金方法测定血浆D -二聚体。[结果 ]肝炎组的PT(1 3.6± 1 .0 6 )s ,APTT (32 .4± 4 .5 7)s ,FIB(2 .5 7± 0 .4 6 )g/L ,D -二聚体 (0 .89± 0 .2 2 )mg/L ;肝硬化组PT (1 7.7± 5 .6 0 )s ,APTT(4 3.4± 1 3.3)s,FIB (2 .1 0± 0 .88)g/L ,D -二聚体 (2 .4 6± 0 .6 1 )mg/L ;肝癌组PT(1 5 .0 5± 2 .74 )s,APTT (36 .8± 5 .5 5 )s ,FIB(3.5 0± 1 .1 6 )g/L ,D -二聚体 (2 .31± 0 .8)mg/L ;它们与正常组PT(1 3.0 2± 0 .6 2 )s ;(APTT32 .0± 2 .0 )s;FIB (2 .81± 0 .78)g/L ;D -二聚体 (0 .4 5± 0 .1 1 )mg/L比较有不同程度的差异。 [结论 ]不同病程肝脏疾病患者PT、APTT、FIB、D -二聚体均可异常 ,其中肝硬化患者的各项指标变化最为显著。     

CA-1500型全自动血液凝固仪检测PT、APTT、Fbg、TT参数值及临床应用

目的　探讨日本SYSMEX公司生产的CA - 15 0 0型全自动血液凝固仪检测凝血酶原时间 (PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间 (APTT)、纤维蛋白原 (Fbg)、凝血酶时间 (TT)的参数值。方法　随机选取每天术前检测的无血液病史者进行检测。结果　 10 0 0名术前检测者PT时间 (11.72± 1.6 4 )秒 ,PR比值 1.0 0± 0 .16 ,INR国际标准比值 1.0 0± 0 .2 2 ;APTT (2 8.6 0± 8.6 )秒 ,Fbg(2 .94± 1.36 )g/L ,TT(16 .4 4± 5 .2 4 )秒。男性与女性之间无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　PT、APTT、Fbg、TT的均值可作为临床凝血指标的参数值。     

分娩前凝血功能指标和D-二聚体检测结果分析

目的: 探讨分娩前凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶时间(TT)、纤维蛋白原(Fbg)、D-二聚体(D-D)检测的临床意义。方法: 采用CA-7000型全自动血凝分析仪对360例临产妇(分娩组)与80名健康体检者(对照组)的PT、APTT、TT、Fbg及D-D进行检测。并对检测结果进行分析。结果: 分娩组PT、APTT、TT、Fbg、D-D分别为(9.44±0.90)s、(29.86±6.20)s、(13.41±1.86)s、(3.28±0.87)g/L、(1.08±2.23)mg/L,对照组PT、APTT、TT、Fbg、D-D分别为(12.24±1.08)s、(30.18±3.19)s、(16.31±1.03)s、(2.55±0.53)g/L、(0.27±0.08)mg/L。与对照组比较分娩组PT和TT均明显缩短(P<0.01),D-D和Fbg均明显增高(P<0.01)。结论: 应建立孕妇分娩前凝血各项指标和D-D的正常值参考区间,并常规检测分娩前的凝血功能和D-D,对防止异常出血和弥漫性血管内凝血具有重要的临床意义。     

肝细胞癌患者PT、APTT、FIB、TT指标变化的初步探讨

目的:研究肝细胞癌患者凝血试验凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、血浆纤维蛋白原(FIB)、血浆凝血酶时间(TT)的变化及临床意义。方法:应用Sysmex CA- 5 30型全自动血凝仪(散射比浊法) ,检测各组血浆中PT、APTT、FIB、TT值。结果:肝细胞癌患者 期+ 期组PT、APTT、FIB、TT分别与其它恶性肿瘤患者组、正常对照组间比较有极显著性差异(P<0 .0 1 ) ,肝细胞癌患者 期+ 期组PT、APTT、FIB、TT分别与其它恶性肿瘤患者组、正常对照组间比较无显著性差异(P>0 .0 5 ) ,其它恶性肿瘤患者组与正常对照组间比较无显著性差异(P>0 .0 5 )。结论:肝细胞癌患者血浆凝血试验(PT、APTT、FIB、TT)参数均有变化,可作为肝细胞癌患者病情危重与预后不良的参考指标。     

血栓弹力图检测在急性心肌梗死患者中的应用研究

目的 通过检测急性心肌梗死患者血栓弹力图的各项参数,并与常规凝血指标进行比较,并对其应用价值进行初步探讨.方法选取2016年1月~2016年12月在鄂尔多斯市中心医院心内科住院的98例急性心肌梗死患者(均在发病48 h内)作为研究对象,同期住院非心肌梗死患者20例作为对照组.应用TEG-5000血栓弹力图仪测定所有研究对象的R值、K值、Angle角、MA值;同时用Sysmex-cs5100全自动凝血分析仪对凝血功能(APTT、PT、FIb、TT)进行检测.结果 急性心肌梗死组与对照组比较,常规凝血功能检测结果APTT、PT、TT值比较差异无统计学意义,FIb水平显著升高[(4.02±0.53)vs.(2.29±0.34)](P<0.05).但在TEG检测结果中,急性心肌梗死患者与对照组相比,R值缩短[(5.28±1.06)vs.(8.05±1.23)];Angle角值增大[(70.62±3.90)vs.(60.23±3.41)];MA值升高[(64.05±3.42)vs.(56.21±2.38)]差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05),但两组之间K值比较差异无统计学意义.结论 血栓弹力图检测敏感性要高于常规凝血功能检测,可以动态监测凝血全过程,此方法可有效识别急性心肌梗死患者凝血功能的异常,对于临床医师早期判断心肌梗死患者凝血功能异常,指导早期预防和治疗提供了依据.     

血浆D-二聚体、FDP、FM检测在早期DIC诊断中的 应用研究

目的 通过定量检测血浆中D-二聚体(D-D)、纤维蛋白原降解产物(FDP)、纤维蛋白单体(FM)和其他常规凝血指标的含量,研究其在早期DIC诊断的应用价值.方法 选取本院2016年1月~2016年12月在重症医学科住院的45例早期DIC患者作为研究对象,同期住院的30例非DIC患者作为对照组.应用STAGO全自动血凝仪对所有研究对象血浆中的D-D、FDP、FM和常规凝血指标凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶时间(TT)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)水平进行定量检测.结果 早期DIC组与对照组比较,常规凝血功能检测结果APTT、PT、TT时间缩短,FIb水平升高,但差异无统计学意义.但早期DIC组血浆中的D-D、FDP、FM值与对照组相比均显著增高,分别为(9.52±3.63)vs.(1.31±0.56);(23.12±6.24)vs.(3.69±0.60);(46.21±12.28)vs.(4.15±1.23),差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 在早期DIC的诊断中,D-D、FDP、FM定量检测比常规凝血功能更有价值.为DIC的早期诊断、早期预防和治疗提供了依据.     

小儿凝血酶原时间、纤维蛋白原与部分凝血活酶时间的检测及结果分析

目的　了解正常儿童的凝血酶原时间 (PT)、纤维蛋白原 (Fg)及部分凝血活酶时间 (APTT)的正常值及该值与患儿出血的关系。方法　应用ACL 2 0 0型全自动凝血仪及其配套试剂 ,检测 180例正常儿童凝血三项 ,12 3例出血性疾病患儿的凝血三项及凝血因子活动度。结果　 180例正常儿童的PT :( 12 .1± 0 .5 )s,Fg :( 2 .5 3± 0 .13)g/L ,APTT :( 2 6 .3± 4.6 )s。PT >正常 3s,临床出血 33.3% ;PT >18s,临床出血为 94.1%。Fg在0 .44～ 1.5 g/L ,临床出血为48.0 % ;Fg在1.5～ 4.5 g/L ,临床出血与其他凝血因子减少有关 ;Fg >4.5 g/L与血液高凝状态有关。APTT在 35～ 40s,临床出血为14.2 % ,即为异常 ;APTT在 40～ 5 0s ,临床出血为 6 3.3% ;APTT >6 0s,临床出血为 80 .8%。结论　PT、APTT时间延长与凝血因子活性减低程度、临床出血呈正相关     

电针对应激大鼠胃粘膜血流及血浆ET，NO，CGRP的影响

目的　观察电针对应激大鼠胃粘膜血流量与血浆内皮素 (ET)、一氧化氮 (NO)、降钙素基因相关肽 (CGRP)的影响及其相互关系 .方法　将 32只 SD大鼠平均分为空白对照组、应激组、电针后应激组和应激后电针组 ,每组 8只 .利用激光多普勒血流仪测定胃粘膜血流量 ,用放免分析法和生化法测定各组大鼠血浆 ET,CGRP和 NO水平的变化并计算各组溃疡指数 (UI) .结果　应激组较对照组比较胃粘膜血流量相对数值下降 (6 9.0± 10 .6 ) m V→ (5 1.5± 5 .1) m V,P<0 .0 1. UI增加 (1.1± 0 .4)→ (2 8.0± 4.1) ,P<0 .0 1.血浆 NO水平下降 ,(2 2 .7± 3.8) μmol· L- 1 → (18.8± 5 .2 ) μmol·L- 1 ,P<0 .0 5 . ET水平上升 (140± 17) ng· L- 1 → (177± 2 3)ng· L- 1 ,P<0 .0 5 .在电针后应激组和应激后电针组 ,与应激组比较 ,胃粘膜血流量上升 (5 1.5± 5 .1) m V→ (6 6 .5± 7.4) m V,(6 4.9± 5 .8) m V,P<0 .0 1,UI减少 ;(2 8.0± 4.1)→ (19.0± 2 .3) ,(19.4± 2 .8) ,P<0 .0 1.血浆 NO水平上升 ,(18.8± 5 .2 )μmol· L- 1 → (2 3.3± 4.1)μmol· L- 1 ,(2 2 .9± 4.1) μmol· L- 1 ,P<0 .0 5 ;CGRP水平上升 ,(145± 6 ) ng· L- 1→ (184± 2 2 ) ng· L- 1 ,P<0 .0 5 ;ET水平下降 ,(177±2 3) ng     

急性缺血性中风早期中小剂量溶拴治疗的凝血指标观察

目的 :研究急性缺血性中风早期溶栓治疗的凝血指标的变化 ,以指导临床治疗。方法 :测定 18例溶栓患者不同时间的凝血酶时间 (TT)、凝血酶原时间 (PT)、激活的部分凝血活酶时间 (APTT)、纤维蛋白原 (FIB)、血小板 (PL T) ,观察其动态变化及其与临床的关系。结果 :TT溶栓前为 (12 .73± 2 .8) s,溶栓后为 (14.78± 3.4) s,1d后为 (14.72± 1.89) s;PT溶栓前为 (13.5 9± 2 .95 ) s,溶栓后为 (17.74± 3.4) s,1d后为 (16 .5 8± 1.9) s;APTT溶栓前为 (2 0 .2 2± 3.5 9) s,溶栓后为 (2 4.39± 5 .14) s,1d后为 (2 4.49± 4.0 8) s,经统计学检验 ,均有显著性差异。FIB无显著改变。PL T溶栓前为(2 73.8± 114.7)× 10 9/ L,溶栓后为 (2 13.4± 6 7.4)× 10 9/ L,1d后为 (2 0 3.9± 93.4)× 10 9/ L。溶栓前后比较 ,差异有显著性。结论 :中小剂量天普洛欣尿激酶 (UK)溶栓后 TT、PT、 APTT延长 ,PL T数量减少 ,但是病人无出血现象发生 ,此疗法比较安全。     

多发性骨髓瘤患者凝血相关指标的临床研究

目的 探讨多发性骨髓瘤病患凝血相关指标在临床中的意义.方法 方便择取2013年8月—2016年8月该院收治的30例MM患者作为病例组,同时选取体检中心的健康人30名作为对照组,比较两组ATⅢ、PT、APTT、TT、FIB、D-D及血小板最大聚集率差异情况.结果 病例组PT[(12.10±2.45)s]、APTT[(30.47±15.93)s]、TT[(19.68±2.97)s]、FIB[(2.30±0.69)g/L]、D-D[(0.73±0.60)mg/L]、MAR[(56.60±16.78)%]指标水平显著高于对照组[PT(10.91±0.63)s、APTT(23.34±5.19)s、TT(15.61±1.13)s、FIB(1.98±0.25)g/L、D-D(0.24±0.11)mg/L、MAR(44.64±7.35)%],组间数据差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 MM疾病患者机体处于易栓状态,同时患者疾病分期越重,ATⅢ越低.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.