佛山市某密封式铅蓄电池装配项目职业病危害控制效果评价

目的对佛山市某密封式铅蓄电池装配整改项目进行控制效果评价,确定职业病危害因素关键控制点,评价其职业病防护设施整改效果。方法采取职业卫生学调查、检查表法、检测分析、定量分级相结合的方法进行评价。结果项目主要职业病危害因素有铅尘（烟）、二氧化锡、乙酸乙酯、丙酮、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、1,2-二氯乙烷、正己烷、氢氧化钠、硫酸及噪声等。检测显示,人槽作业岗位铅尘时间加权平均浓度（CTWA）、烧焊、装模作业岗位8h等效声级（LEX,8h）不符合职业接触限值要求。工作场所中职业病危害作业等级（噪声、化学物）为I级,组装区各作业岗位均为职业病危害因素关键控制点。结论该项目属职业危害严重项目,职业病防护效果符合职业卫生相关要求。     

某天然气产能建设项目职业病危害控制效果评价

目的通过工作场所职业病危害作业分级,评价某天然气产能建设项目职业病防护设施的运行效果。方法采用现场职业卫生调查、检测检验和定量分级法进行分析与评价。结果化学物工作场所职业病危害作业分级均为0级;二氧化碳回收单元噪声作业分级为Ⅰ级,其他工作场所噪声作业分级均为0级。结论该项目职业病危害防护措施可行、有效,但需加强二氧化碳回收单元噪声的职业病危害控制措施。     

大连某LED灯建设项目职业病危害现状调查

目的 了解LED灯生产线存在的职业病危害因素及其危害程度,提出防护建议,以保护劳动者健康。 方法 采用职业卫生学调查、作业场所职业病危害因素现场检测以及职业健康检查进行综合评价。 结果 作业场所存在的职业病危害因素主要为煤尘、其他粉尘、一氧化碳、二氧化硫、二氧化锡、铅烟、异丙醇、丙酮、丁醇、环己酮、异氟尔酮、高温、噪声及工频电场。现场检测结果显示丁醇、铅烟超过国家标准限值,其余毒物检测浓度均低于国家标准限值,煤尘的超限倍数值超过国家标准限值,物理因素检测结果除1个岗位噪声强度超标外,其余均低于国家标准限值,工频电场检测结果低于国家标准限值。 结论 该项目职业病危害种类较多,职业病危害关键控制点是毒物、粉尘岗位。该企业的职业病防护措施基本可行,应着力加强个人防护和严格制度化管理。     

某企业职业病危害的半定量风险评估

[目的]对某蓄电池企业职业病危害控制效果运用风险评估模型进行风险评估,为企业整改做好职业病危害控制评价提供依据。[方法]应用新加坡化学毒物职业暴露半定量风险评价方法,系统地识别该企业化学有害因素、评价暴露可能性决定其危害级别,并按危害程度依次处理。[结果]该企业化学有害危害因素为铅尘、铅烟、硫酸。检测结果时间加权平均容许浓度值分别为铅尘0.025～0.030mg/m3、铅烟0.019～0.035mg/m3、硫酸0.260mg/m3,其危害等级都为5级;暴露等级铅尘作业为3级,铅烟组装岗位为3级,铅烟分片岗位为2级,硫酸化成岗位为3级。[结论]该蓄电池企业各作业岗位风险等级为重度、中度风险。应根据岗位作业风险分级情况,在职业病危害防护和控制上全面采取重点防护措施,并定期进行风险评估。     

某电子玻璃厂显示管玻锥工程项目职业病危害控制效果评价

目的明确某电子玻璃厂新建项目中存在的职业病危害因素，分析其危害程度对劳动者健康的影响，评价职业病危害防护设施及其效果。方法采用现场职业卫生调查、职业病危害因素检测和定量分级法进行评价。结果该项目产生的职业病危害因素为粉尘、矽尘、铅烟、锑及其氧化物、一氧化碳、氮氧化物、噪声、高温，粉尘为6．0～128．5mg/m^3，矽尘为0．56mg/m^3，铅烟最高值为0．008mg／m^3，锑及其氧化物最高值为0．09mg/m^3，一氧化碳为0．47～4．37mg／m^3，氮氧化物为0．54～1．9mg/m^3，噪声值为64．1～99，5dB（A），高温WBGT为23℃～24℃。结论该建设项目采取了职业卫生防护措施，除原料课大料投料口的粉尘、成型课作业岗位的噪声没得到有效控制外，其余各职业卫生防护措施都符合国家职业卫生标准。成型课作业岗位的噪声超标是因工艺限制及目前噪声治理工程技术措施有限所致，该处作业工人可通过加强个体防护和缩短作业时间来控制噪声对工人的危害；原料课一号投料口粉尘浓度超标，该处负压抽风吸尘，不能有效控制该处粉尘浓度，还须进一步采取除尘措施。     

南京市某炼铁厂职业病危害现状评价

目的评估南京市某炼铁厂职业病危害现状。方法2019-08,通过职业卫生现场调查、职业病危害因素检测、职业健康检查等方法对该厂职业病危害现状进行评价。结果粉尘作业岗位合格率100.0%,一氧化碳作业岗位合格率92.3%,噪声作业岗位合格率94.1%,高温作业岗位合格率75.0%;职业健康体检中,多人检出血压、血糖和电测听异常;结论该炼铁厂职业病危害控制效果良好,部分接触一氧化碳、噪声、高温的岗位职业病危害控制效果较差,需重点防控。     

某石化公司扩建工程职业病危害预评价探讨

目的探讨某石化扩建工程能否达到预期的职业病危害控制目标.方法根据<建设项目职业病危害评价规范>(GBZ 2002-1)的规定采用类 比法与定量分级法相结合的原则进行评价.结果该扩建工程存在H2S、 HN2、苯等9种有毒因素和粉尘、噪声、高温等有害因素.接毒作业岗位全部属0级"安全 作业";粉尘作业岗位4个0级"安全作业",4个Ⅰ级"轻度危害"作业;噪声作业岗位14个0级"安全作业",7个Ⅰ级"轻度危害"作业;高温作业分级都在Ⅰ级以下.结论该扩建项目属"严重职业病危害的建设项目",经调查分析评价,扩建工程职业病危害预防 措施合理有效,只要严格实施职业病危害防护"三同时",工程投产后将能达到预防职业病危害预期的效果.     

某稀土合金生产线职业病危害作业分级调查与评价

目的对某稀土合金生产线职业病危害因素进行识别、分析,对职业病危害作业进行分级,为监管部门和企业职业卫生管理提供科学有效的数据。方法采用职业卫生现场调查法、职业病危害因素检测法、职业健康监护等方法并结合国家职业卫生相关标准对职业病危害作业进行分级,并根据企业现有情况,提出针对性整改措施。结果该项目职业病危害因素为稀土粉尘、氟化氢、一氧化碳、二氧化碳、高温和噪声等。粉尘危害集中在电解车间。粉尘岗位8 h时间加权浓度合格率为为其中2#电解车间电解岗位粉尘分级为Ⅱ级,属中度危害作业,其它电解车间电解岗位粉尘分级为Ⅰ级,属轻度危害作业;各岗位噪声检测结果和有毒物质的检测结果均符合国家卫生限值的要求,合格率为100%。结论该项目电解车间稀土粉尘危害较为严重,针对稀土粉尘浓度超标现状,应加强职业病危害防护设施有效运行,完善各项职业病规章制度。     

某乳化炸药项目职业病危害控制效果评价

目的 对某乳化炸药项目技改职业病危害控制效果进行评价,确定作业场所中有害因素及其危害程度,并对职业病危害因素、防护措施及职业卫生管理进行评估,为进一步提高卫生防护设施控制效果及完善职业卫生管理提拱依据.方法 通过收集相关资料、现场职业卫生学调查和职业卫生检测,用检查表、检验检测法与定量分级法相结合进行综合评价.结果 该建设项目存在的主要职业病危害因素有主要有粉尘、氨、苯及苯系物、石腊烟、噪声等,在11个噪声检测点中有1个工作岗位噪声作业分级为Ⅱ级,其他作业岗位噪声作业分级为O级;粉尘除珍珠岩加料工序有1 d的时间加权平均容许浓度检测结果超标,其余岗位均不超标;化学毒物除卷纸管处石腊烟有2 d的时间加权平均容许浓度检测结果超标,其他化学毒物均小于职业接触限值.结论 该项目在建设阶段基本上执行了国家的有关规定,针对各种职业病危害因素采取了相应的措施,降低了发生职业病的危险.因此,该项目的 职业病危害因素的控制效果基本符合职业卫生要求.     

某生物质直燃发电项目职业病危害关键控制点分析

目的探讨和分析某生物质发电项目职业病危害的关键控制点。方法采用现场调查、职业病危害因素检测及有害作业分级等方法,通过对某生物质发电项目进行职业病危害控制效果评价,分析生物质发电行业存在的职业病危害关键控制点。结果生物质发电存在的主要职业病危害因素有粉尘、噪声、高温、化学毒物、生物因素及工频电磁场等。其中除灰岗位为粉尘Ⅱ级作业,汽机巡检岗位为噪声Ⅰ级作业。结论灰料装卸/运输、锅炉清灰、汽机巡检的噪声作业、燃料收集与储存接触微生物作业及化学品水处理酸/碱的装卸作业为本项目的关键控制部位。必须加强卫生工程防护、个人防护及职业卫生管理。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.