环状RNA与肿瘤研究进展

目的 环状RNA(circular RNAs,circRNAs)是一种不同于线性RNA的新型RNA,其广泛存在于各种生物细胞中.本研究总结了环状RNA的生物起源、作用机制以及其在肿瘤发生发展中的作用.方法 应用中国知网和PubMed中英文数据库,以“circRNAs和肿瘤”等为关键词,检索2014-2016年的相关文献.纳入标准:(1) circRNAs的生物学合成;(2)circRNAs的作用机制;(3) circRNAs在肿瘤发生发展中的作用.根据纳入标准,符合分析的文献35篇.结果 circRNA是一类新型非编码RNA,共价闭合环路所形成的环状结构是它的特征.这类具有组织特异性的转录本主要来自宿主基因的外显子或内含子序列.尽管已提出circRNAs多种生物起源模式,但是对circRNAs的了解还只是冰山一角.circRNAs的表达与多种痰病有关,并且可能作为该疾病新型诊断或预后预测的生物标志物.circRNAs可以调节与肿瘤相关的miRNAs的表达,这种circRNA-miR-NA-mRNA轴可以调控与癌症相关通路,既可促进也可以桔抗肿瘤的发生发展.结论 深入研究环状RNA在肿瘤的发生发展中所起的作用,有望在肿瘤的诊断和靶向治疗以及顸后判断方面提供新的思路.     

可翻译环状RNA在肿瘤中的研究进展

环状RNA (circular RNAs, circRNAs)是一类含共价闭合环的内源性非编码RNA,有别于同一基因转录的线性转录本,具有其独立的功能。circRNA由顺式调控元件和反式因子调控的“反向剪接”过程产生,闭合环状结构使其不容易被外切酶降解而具有高度保守性,circRNA可通过调控基因转录、充当miRNA分子海绵、与RNA结合蛋白相互作用等方式发挥重要生物学功能。近年研究显示部分circRNA在细胞内可被有效地翻译为多肽,这对我们探索circRNA在疾病中的作用有了新的启发。在circRNA序列中,开放阅读框、N6-甲基腺苷修饰以及内部核糖体“进入位点”的存在表明了其通过非帽依赖的翻译起始机制进行编码蛋白的潜力。本文对circRNA可能的翻译机制以及circRNA编码的蛋白在肿瘤发生发展中的作用进行综述,以期为肿瘤诊断、治疗提供参考。     

环状RNA与肿瘤的研究进展

环状RNA（circRNA）是新近发现的一种共价闭合环状结构的非编码RNA,广泛存在于各种生物细胞中,其是由前体 mRNA 反向剪接产生,具有结构稳定、序列保守和一定的组织特异性等特征。近年研究表明, circRNA可作为微小RNA海绵来抑制微小RNA的活性,并具有调控基因转录、结合RNA结合蛋白等功能。作为一种新型调控分子,circRNA在肿瘤的发生发展过程中发挥重要作用,有望成为新型肿瘤标志物和潜在靶点,为肿瘤的诊断和靶向治疗提供新的方向。本文就 circRNA 的特征、形成机制、功能及其在肿瘤中的作用作一综述。     

环状RNA与乳腺癌发生、发展和耐药关系的研究进展

摘 要：乳腺癌是女性最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,严重威胁女性健康,但对其发生、发展、转移和耐药机制尚不完全明确。环状RNA（circRNA）是一类具有闭合环状结构的内源性RNA分子。随着高通量测序技术的发展,大量circRNAs被发现,并证实其具有转录后调控的功能后,circRNAs已成为肿瘤研究领域的热点。近几年,大量研究报道了circRNAs在肿瘤全过程中的作用。全文就circRNAs在乳腺癌发生、发展、侵袭、转移和耐药中的作用进行综述,为乳腺癌的诊疗提供新思路。     

环状RNA在甲状腺癌中的研究进展

甲状腺癌是内分泌系统最常见的肿瘤之一.环状RNA(circular RNA,circRNA)是一种高度保守的小分子非编码RNA.近年研究发现,多种circRNA在不同类型甲状腺癌中表达异常,可能在甲状腺癌的发生和发展过程中有重要作用.本文从分子生物学特性综述circRNA在甲状腺癌发生、发展、诊治和预后评估中的研究现状...     

环状RNA在消化系统肿瘤中的研究进展

环状RNA(circular RNA,circRNA)作为非编码RNA(non-coding RNA,ncRNA)家族中的新成员,具有诱捕微小RNA(microRNA,miRNA)、调控相关基因表达、参与转录拼接等重要功能.近年来,随着对circRNA的研究不断深入,其在诸多疾病发生发展过程中所发挥的重要作用不断被揭示.消化系统肿瘤作为发病隐匿且预后相对较差的一大类疾病一直威胁着人类健康.随着对消化系统肿瘤认识的加深,关于其分子水平的诊断和治疗研究逐步成为新热点.本文将就circRNA与消化系统肿瘤的相关性,以及其潜在临床价值做一简要综述.     

环状RNA在消化道肿瘤中的研究进展

环状RNA(circular RNAs,circRNAs)是一种新型的内源性非编码RNA,与其他线性RNA不同,它形成共价闭合连续的环形结构,在真核生物的转录组中占有很大的比例.这些circRNAs主要来源于内含子或者外显子,通过反向拼接或套索内含子方式产生.近来研究发现,circRNAs在细胞质中富集,具有保守性和相对稳定性,这些特性赋予了circRNAs许多潜在的功能,例如充当微小RNA(miRNA)海绵,结合RNA相关的蛋白质,形成RNA蛋白复合体从而调节基因的转录.有证据表明circRNAs在消化道肿瘤中可能发挥重要的作用并且能够作为某些疾病的诊断性或预测性生物标记物.本文结合国内外的最新研究报道,对circRNAs在消化道肿瘤中的研究进展作一综述,以期为消化系统肿瘤预测、诊断和治疗提供新的思路.     

环状RNA脂肪非典型钙黏蛋白1在肿瘤中的表达及调控机制研究进展

环状RNA(circular RNA,circRNA)是一类呈封闭环状结构的非编码RNA。circRNA不仅调控人体的生长发育，而且在肿瘤的发生发展中也发挥重要作用。环状RNA脂肪非典型钙黏蛋白1(circular RNA fat atypical cadherin 1,circ-FAT1)作为一种circRNA，能够通过多种机制和信号通路调控肿瘤细胞的恶性生物学行为，有望成为一种新的肿瘤标志物。全文对circFAT1在肿瘤中的生物学作用、调控机制及其与患者临床病理特征间的关系等研究进行总结，挖掘其未来在肿瘤疾病防治中的潜在应用价值。     

环状RNA在肿瘤中的研究进展

环状RNA（circular RNA，circRNA）是一种共价闭合环状结构的非编码RNA，广泛存在于生物体中，具有结构稳定、高度保守性及特异性表达的特性。研究表明，circRNA可作为竞争性内源RNA（competing endogenous RNAs，ceRNA），调控基因表达或结合RNA相关蛋白发挥生物学功能。circRNA在肿瘤的发生发展中扮演了重要角色，有望成为肿瘤诊断的生物标志物及治疗靶点。本文结合国内外的最新研究，对circRNA在肿瘤中的研究进展作一综述。     

环状RNA circ_0001649在肿瘤中的调控作用及与预后的相关性

环状RNA（circular RNA,circRNA）是一类广泛存在于人体组织内的共价闭合环状的非编码RNA。近年来,circRNA在肿瘤中的调控作用成为了热点。研究表明,circ_0001649是一种新发现的circRNA,它在诸多肿瘤中表达降低并可以调控大量肿瘤相关的微小RNA。circ_0001649在将来或许会成为有价值的肿瘤诊断标记物和治疗靶点。本文就circ_0001649在肿瘤中的研究进展及其与预后的相关性作一综述。     

Circular RNAs: new biomarkers of chemoresistance in cancer

Chemotherapeutics are validated conventional treatments for patients with advanced cancer. However, with continual application of chemotherapeutics, chemoresistance, which is often predictive of poor prognosis, has gradually become a concern in recent years. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a class of endogenous noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) with a closed-loop structure, have been reported to be notable targets and markers for the prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment of many diseases, particularly cancer. Although dozens of studies have shown that circRNAs play major roles in drug-resistance activity in tumors, the mechanisms by which circRNAs affect chemoresistance have yet to be explored. In this review, we describe the detailed mechanisms of circRNAs and chemotherapeutics in various cancers and summarize potential therapeutic targets for drug-resistant tumors.     

circRNAs在肿瘤中的研究进展

环状RNA（circular RNA, circRNA）是一种共价闭合的单股环状分子,属于非编码RNA家族成员。circRNA以保守、稳定、特异、高含量为特点,可作为microRNA海绵调控靶miRNA的活性,并参与基因转录和蛋白生成的调控,逐渐成为非编码RNA调控网络的新星。circRNA在多种疾病的发生发展中发挥重要作用,并且在肿瘤诊断、治疗和预后等方面具有巨大的潜能,有望成为新的肿瘤生物标志物或分子靶向治疗靶点。     

Current research on circular RNAs and their potential clinical implications in breast cancer

Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common cancers and the leading causes of death among women worldwide, and its morbidity rate is growing. Discovery of novel biomarkers is necessary for early BC detection, treatment, and prognostication. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a novel type of endogenous non-coding RNAs with covalently closed continuous loops, have been found to have a crucial role in tumorigenesis. Studies have demonstrated that circRNAs are aberrantly expressed in the tumor tissues and plasma of patients with BC, and they modulate gene expression affecting the proliferation, metastasis, and chemoresistance of BC by specifically binding and regulating the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs). Therefore, circRNAs can be used as novel potential diagnostic and prognostic markers, and therapeutic targets for BC. This article summarizes the properties, functions, and regulatory mechanisms of circRNAs, particularly current research on their association with BC proliferation, metastasis, and chemoresistance.     

Tumor‐suppressive circular RNAs: Mechanisms underlying their suppression of tumor occurrence and use as therapeutic targets

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have a covalently closed circular conformation and are structurally stable. Those circRNAs with tumor‐suppressive properties play an important role in tumorigenesis and metastasis and thus may be used as therapeutic targets of cancers. Herein, we review the current understanding of the classification of circRNAs and summarize the functions and mechanisms of circRNAs that have tumor‐suppressive roles in various cancers, including liver cancer (circARSP91, circADAMTS13, circADAMTS14, circMTO1, hsa_circ_0079299, and circC3P1), bladder cancer (circFNDC3B, circITCH, circHIPK3, circRNA‐3, cdrlas, and circLPAR1), gastric cancer (circLARP4, circYAP1, hsa_cric_0000096, hsa_circ_0000993, and circPSMC3), breast cancer (circ_000911, hsa_circ_0072309, and circASS1), lung cancer (hsa_circ_0000977, circPTK2, circ_0001649, hsa_circ_100395, and circ_0006916), glioma (circ_0001946, circSHPRH, and circFBXW7), and colorectal cancer (circITGA7 and hsa_circ_0014717). Thanks to their structural stability, these tumor‐suppressive circRNAs may be used as potential and potent therapeutic targets. Moreover, we propose a new method for the classification of circRNAs. Based on whether they can be translated, circRNAs can be divided into noncoding circRNAs and coding circRNAs.     

Circulating circRNAs as Potential Biomarkers for Cancers

Cancers are diseases with a high mortality rate worldwide. In order to better diagnose and improve the survival rate, many studies have been conducted. In recent years, the role of non-coding RNAs in cancers has been confirmed, and circular RNAs (circRNAs) have attracted much attention. CircRNAs are involved in the occurrence and development of cancers with high stability. Experiments have shown that they can exist stably in peripheral blood. Therefore, the expression of circulating circRNAs can be detected to help diagnose cancers and reflect tumor progression. In this review, we summarized the role of circulating circRNAs in cancers and discussed their potential as biomarkers.     

has_circ_0070512 promotes prostate cancer progression by regulating the miR-338-3p/hedgehog signaling pathway

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a type of non-coding RNA that plays a vital role in biology. circRNAs appear to have a role in the development and progression of several malignancies, according to research. However, circRNAs that regulate prostate cancer (PCa) progression are still largely unknown and deserve further exploration. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of hsa_circ_0070512 on the function and mechanism of PCa. hsa_circ_0070512 was increased in PCa tissues and cells and was mostly found in the cytoplasm of PCa cells. Overexpression of hsa_circ_0070512 considerably increased PCa cell proliferation and migration, whereas silencing of hsa_circ_0070512 greatly decreased PCa cell proliferation and migration. Mechanistically, we show that hsa_circ_0070512 acts as a “molecular sponge” for miR-338-3p and that the miR-338-3p mimics partially block the pro-tumor effects of hsa_circ_0070512. RNA sequencing analysis of PC3 cells stably overexpressing hsa_circ_0070512 revealed that hedgehog was downstream of the signaling pathways of hsa_circ_0070512 and miR-338-3p. Our results implied that hsa_circ_0070512 regulated the hedgehog signaling pathways through miR-338-3p to enhance PCa growth and migration, providing a new diagnostic and therapeutic target for PCa.     

Non-coding RNAs: emerging regulators of glucose metabolism in hepatocellular carcinoma

Reprogramming of metabolism is one of the hallmarks of cancer, among which glucose metabolism dysfunction is the most prominent feature. The glucose metabolism of tumor cells is significantly different from that of normal cells. Glucose metabolism reprogramming of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has become an important research hotspot in the field of HCC, a variety of tumor metabolic interventions have been applied clinically. Moreover, various Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding (lncRNAs) as well as circular RNAs (circRNAs), have recently been proved to play potential roles in glucose metabolism. This review summarizes the effects of ncRNAs on HCC that participate in glucose metabolism and discuss the related mechanisms to find potential and effective targeted treatments for HCC.     

环状RNA翻译多肽在恶性肿瘤中的作用

作为特殊的非编码RNA,环状RNA(circular RNA,CircRNA)是一种由pre-mRNA通过反式剪接形成的新型闭合环状的RNA分子.随着生物技术的飞速发展和研究的不断深入,对于CircRNA的鉴定和功能已有了新的认识.CircRNA由于缺乏5'帽子结构一直被认为不可翻译成蛋白质,已有证据表明其可通过核糖体...