Increased range of motion but otherwise similar clinical outcome of arthroscopy over open osteoplasty for femoroacetabular impingement at midterm follow-up: A systematic review

BackgroundA systematic review was conducted comparing patient reported outcomes measures (PROMs), functional scores, and the rate of complications between arthroscopic and open treatment for femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) at mid-term follow-up.Material and methodsThis systematic review was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines. The literature search was performed in October 2020. All clinical trials treating FAI using open osteoplasty or arthroscopic surgery were considered for inclusion. Only articles reporting >12 months follow-up were included.ResultsData from 97 articles (9981 procedures) were collected. At a mean 19.2 months follow-up there was no difference between the two cohorts. At a mean follow-up of 38 months, the external rotation was increased in the arthroscopic group (P < 0.0001). The modified Harris Hip Score scored greater in favour of the open osteoplasty group (P = 0.04), as did the Hip Outcome Score - Activities of Daily Living subscale (P = 0.01). At a mean 45.1 months the arthroscopic group presented greater external rotation (P < 0.0001) and SF-12 Mental (P = 0.04). The modified Harris Hip Score was greater in favour of the open osteoplasty group (P = 0.03), as was the HOS-ADL (P = 0.01). Regarding complications, the arthroscopic group experienced lower rates of subsequent revisions (P < 0.0001).ConclusionBased on the significant reduction of revisions-rate and significant increase in range of motion, arthroscopy treatment for the management of FAI may be recommended.     

髋关节镜治疗股骨髋臼撞击征的研究进展

股骨髋臼撞击征是近10余年才被逐渐认识的一种髋关节疾病,也是年轻人髋部疼痛的常见病因之一,其会导致髋关节运动过程中异常应力接触,这种病理力学机制与早期骨关节炎的发展密切相关。手术本身主要针对于病因进行治疗。随着关节镜技术和可折弯器械的发展,髋关节镜运用得越来越广泛,患者创伤小、术后康复较快且并发症发生率较低,短期和中期的效果令人满意,单纯盂唇修复的效果也优于单纯清理术,但是这些尚需要长期和大样本量的结果来进行随访。     

A review of outcomes of the surgical management of femoroacetabular impingement

Introduction

Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) resulting from abnormal contact between the acetabulum and femur has been studied extensively in recent years owing to its association with acetabular labrum tears and possible contribution to the development of osteoarthritis.

Methods

A comprehensive PubMed, MEDLINE^® and Embase™ literature search was conducted. Search terms included ‘femoroacetabular impingement’, ‘pathophysiology’, ‘diagnosis’, ‘dGEMRIC’, ‘arthroscopic’, ‘open’, ‘mini-open’ and ‘outcome measure’.

Results

A range of radiographic features have been described, and computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are both commonly used in the diagnosis of the bony abnormalities in FAI. Treatment of FAI is surgical with methods of treatment ranging from open surgical hip dislocation to arthroscopic osteochondroplasty.

Conclusions

In recent years, a trend towards the use of arthroscopic treatment for FAI has been seen, with promising results from a range of studies. However, only short-term outcome data are available and a range of different outcome measures have been used in studies to date. We present an overview of the outcomes for a range of surgical treatment methods for FAI and discuss the outcome measures used.     

Arthroscopically assisted anterior decompression for femoroacetabular impingement: technique and early clinical results

Introduction  In patients with symptomatic femoroacetabular impingement resection osteochondroplasty of the femoral head–neck junction may improve hip pain and range of motion. We evaluated the short-term treatment results of an arthroscopically assisted mini-open anterior approach to compare it with the results after surgical dislocation for FAI. Methods  The clinical and radiographic results of 33 patients were reviewed retrospectively 15 months after the surgery. Harris hip scores and plain radiographs were obtained preoperatively and at follow-up. Patient satisfaction with the treatment result was quantified with a Visual Analogous scale (VAS) ranging from 0 (very dissatisfied) to 10 (very satisfied). Results  The mean Harris hip score improved from 64 points preoperatively to 85 points at the time of follow-up (P < 0.001). Mean patient satisfaction on the VAS was seven points (range: 2–10 points). In two of our first patients we observed a transient femoral nerve palsy (completely resolved at follow-up) and 15 patients reported numbness in the area of the lateral cutaneous femoral nerve. Conclusions  Treatment of anterior femoroacetabular impingement through an arthroscopically assisted mini-open anterior approach can reduce pain and improve function in a short-term observation period. Femoral osteochondroplasty as well as surgical treatment of acetabular cartilage and labrum lesions are possible, but the access is limited to the anterior and anterolateral part of the hip joint.     

Arthroscopic separate labral repair and capsular plication with a suture anchor

Capsular volume reduction is becoming a more popular procedure for treating the unstable shoulder. We present a novel technique of arthroscopic labral repair and capsular plication using a single suture anchor with two nonabsorbable braided sutures that repairs the involved labrum and capsule separately. It is a simple technique from the standpoint of simultaneous labral repair and capsular plication, making it easily reproducible and cost-effective.     

Controversial Issues in Arthroscopic Surgery for Femoroacetabular Impingement

Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is a common cause of painful hip in the young and middle-aged population. This condition frequently leads to a labral tear, damage of acetabular cartilage, and secondary arthritis of the hip. When nonsurgical managements are not effective, surgical procedures (open surgery and hip arthroscopy) are indicated. Due to its less invasiveness, hip arthroscopy has replaced open surgery during the last two decades. The effectiveness of arthroscopic surgery in pain relief for FAI syndrome has been well established. The procedure is also expected to slow or prevent further progression to hip arthritis. In this review, we provide the updated knowledge of arthroscopic procedures for the management of FAI syndrome.     

关节镜下股骨头颈成形术治疗凸轮型股骨髋臼撞击症

 目的 探讨髋关节镜下股骨头颈成形术治疗凸轮（Cam）型股骨髋臼撞击症的可行性及临床疗效。方法 2007年10月至2009年4月收治Cam型股骨髋 臼撞击症患者31例,男12例,女19例;年龄18～45岁,平均34.1岁。术前行体格检查、X线摄片和三维CT明确诊断。所有病例均行髋关节镜下关节清理术和股骨 头颈成形术。术后1个月、3个月、6个月、1年及以后每年1次随访。比较术前和末次随访时的撞击试验结果、髋关节活动度、α角、疼痛视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale,VAS）和改良Harris髋关节评分。结果 所有患者均得到随访,随访时间18~36个月,平均22.7个月。末次随访时撞击试验均为阴性,髋关节屈 曲活动度和屈曲90°位内旋活动度分别达到121.0°±11.7°和30.1°±12.7°,α角由术前74.2°±10.7°降至44.7°±8.3°,疼痛VAS由术前（6.1±1.1） 分降至（0.9±0.7）分,改良Harris髋关节评分由术前（41.2±5.7）分提高至（73.6±4.1）分,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 髋关节镜下股骨头颈 成形术能够切除股骨头颈结合部骨性隆起,恢复股骨头颈结合部的自然弧度,有效缓解Cam型股骨髋臼撞击症的症状和改善髋关节活动度。     

Return to sport after arthroscopic surgery for femoroacetabular impingement

BackgroundFemoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is common among the active and young population. The present study analysed the rate of return to sport, related influencing factors, and the sport activity level according to the Hip Outcome Score - Sport-Specific Subscale (HOS-SSS).MethodsThe literature search was performed in December 2020. All clinical trials investigating HOS-SSS and/or return to sport after arthroscopic treatment for FAI were considered for inclusion. The outcomes of interest were to analyse the rate of return to sport and the sport activity level according to the HOS-SSS in patients who underwent arthroscopic osteoplasty for FAI.ResultsData from 41 studies (4063 procedures) were retrieved. A total of 88.75% (581 of 655) of patients returned to sports within a mean of 37.4 ± 16.5 months. The HOS-SSS score improved from 45.0 ± 10.6 to 73.1 ± 9.5 (P < 0.0001) at last follow-up. The following baseline characteristics evidenced positive association with post-operative activity level: lighter weight (P = 0.01), younger age (P = 0.001), Tönnis angle grade I (P = 0.009), greater HHS (P = 0.01), NAHS (P < 0.0001) and HOS-ADL (P = 0.01).ConclusionArthroscopic treatment for FAI resulted in excellent results in terms of return to sport. Moreover, lighter weight and younger age, greater HHS, NAHS, HOS-ADL at baseline were positively associated with post-operative sport activity level.Level of evidenceIV, systematic review.     

Patient characteristics cannot predict the long-term effect of an intra-articular bupivacaine and corticosteroid injection in patients with femoroacetabular impingement: A retrospective cohort study

BackgroundTo evaluate predictors for effect of an intra-articular (IA) bupivacaine and corticosteroid injection in patients with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS).MethodsAll patients between 18 and 50 years old with FAIS who received an intra-articular (IA) bupivacaine and corticosteroid injection between 2016 and 2019 were eligible for this retrospective study. Two groups were made, the non-arthroscopy group (patients for whom conservative treatment with physiotherapy and an IA bupivacaine and corticosteroid injection was sufficient) and the arthroscopy group (patients who needed an arthroscopy because conservative treatment and an IA bupivacaine and corticosteroid injection failed). Multiple regression analysis was performed to analyse the effect of the IA corticosteroid injection and to predict arthroscopic intervention based on sex, age, body mass index, duration of complaints, alpha angle and abnormal bone morphology.ResultsIn total 103 patients were included; 46 in the arthroscopy group and 57 in the non-arthroscopy group. The groups had similar baseline characteristics. A total of 37 (36%) patients had an effect of 3 months or longer from the IA corticosteroid injection; 31 (54%) were patients in the non-arthroscopy group versus 6 (13%) patients in the arthroscopy group (P < 0.001). Male sex seems to have an negative influence on the duration of the effect of the injection. None of the variables could significantly predict if a patient would undergo arthroscopic intervention (F(7,103) = 8.54, p = 0.3, R² = 0.11). The effect of the IA injection could not be predicted (p = 0.1; R² = 0.13).ConclusionThere are no patient characteristics that predict who would and who would not benefit from the IA bupivacaine and corticosteroid injection in patients with FAIS and who would need an arthroscopic intervention within 1 year after the injection. Only male sex seems to have an negative influence on the duration of the effect of the injection.     

Risk factors for early symptomatic femoroacetabular impingement following in situ fixation of slipped capital femoral epiphysis

In situ fixation of slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) results in residual deformity that can cause femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). It is unknown what factors could help differentiate patients who are more likely to become symptomatic. We performed a retrospective review of 55 hips treated with in situ pinning for SCFE and subsequent secondary deformity correction procedure for symptomatic FAI and compared them to 39 asymptomatic hips with SCFE deformity using multivariable analysis. Case patients were slightly older than controls (12.6 vs 11.3 years, p = 0.0002) but had similar BMI. The mean epiphyseal-diaphyseal angle was 56° in cases versus 44° in controls (p = 0.0019). Cases were significantly more likely to have obligate external rotation with hip flexion, external foot progression, flexion <90°, antalgic limp, and Trendelenburg lurch. On radiographs, most cases had a head-neck offset ≤0 mm, a distinct metaphyseal corner prominence, acetabular retroversion, and an alpha angle ≥60°. Most controls also had head-neck offset ≤0 mm. Pre-pinning, older age (OR = 1.98 per year, p = 0.0016) and initial epiphyseal-diaphyseal angle (OR = 1.04 per degree, p = 0.018) significantly increased the odds of having symptomatic FAI. Post-pinning, external foot progression increased the odds of symptomatic FAI by 10.48 (p = 0.017), and an alpha angle ≥60° resulted in 11.4 times higher odds of symptomatic FAI (p = 0.011). The linear correlation between epiphyseal-diaphyseal and alpha angle was poor (r = 0.28). Older age and initial epiphyseal-diaphyseal pre-pinning mildly increased the odds of eventual symptomatic FAI. This information can help the surgeon to predict which patients may develop symptomatic FAI.     

髋关节镜下治疗髋臼股骨撞击症合并盂唇损伤的疗效分析

目的 探讨髋关节镜下治疗髋臼股骨撞击症（femoroacetabular impingement, FAI）合并盂唇损伤的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析2016年2月至2020年5月厦门市海沧医院采用髋关节镜下治疗FAI合并盂唇损伤的34例病人的临床资料。收集并比较术前及术后末次随访的髋关节屈曲、内收、屈髋90°内旋活动度,疼痛视觉模拟量表（visual analogue scale, VAS）评分,改良Harris髋关节功能评分。结果 所有病人伤口均甲级愈合,术后2例会阴部麻木,1例患足麻木,1周后症状消失;1例股外侧皮神经损伤后大腿前外侧麻木,经过营养神经治疗1个月后恢复正常;随访（18.0±5.8）个月（12~36个月）,32例病人（94.1%）对手术效果表示满意;病人术后末次随访的髋关节屈曲、内收和屈曲90°内旋角度、VAS评分及改良Harris髋关节功能评分与术前比较,差异均有统计学意义（P均＜0.05）。所有病人均无伤口感染、血管损伤、异位骨化、股骨颈骨折、坐骨神经损伤、股神经损伤、髋关节不稳定或髋关节脱位等严重并发症发生。随访期间,未见髋关节骨关节炎进展,无需二次行髋关节镜下翻修手术。结论 在严格把握手术指征、加强并发症防范意识,努力提高手术技术的前提下,髋关节镜下治疗FAI合并盂唇损伤,能够有效缓解病人症状,改善髋关节活动功能,是一种安全、微创、疗效确切的手术方法。     

Arthroscopic management of dorsal wrist impingement

Dorsal wrist impingement (DWI) occurs when the dorsal wrist capsule becomes trapped and pinched between the extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) and the dorsal ridge of the scaphoid. The diagnosis is purely clinical and depends on accurate localization by history and during examination as well as carefully ruling out alternative etiologies for dorsal wrist pain. Nonsurgical treatment is based on corticosteroid injection and activity modification. In resistant cases, arthroscopic resection of the involved segment of dorsal capsule offers a reliable solution for the problem.     

Heterotopic ossifications after arthroscopic management of femoroacetabular impingement: the role of NSAID prophylaxis

Background  

Open hip surgery is known to be a risk for heterotopic ossification (HO), and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been widely recognized as an effective prevention. Hip arthroscopy is gaining popularity thanks to the possibility of treating femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) with a minimally invasive technique, however little is known about its rate of postoperative HO. The aim of the present study is to evaluate HO prevalence after hip arthroscopy for FAI and its relationship with NSAID prophylaxis.     

Current concepts in management of femoroacetabular impingement

Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is an increasingly recognized condition, which is believed to contribute to degenerative changes of the hip. This correlation has led to a great deal of interested in diagnosis and treatment of FAI. FAI can be divided into two groups: cam and pincer type impingement. FAI can lead to chondral and labral pathologies, that if left untreated, can progress rapidly to osteoarthritis. The diagnosis of FAI involves a detailed history, physical exam, and radiographs of the pelvis. Surgical treatment is indicated in anatomic variants known to cause FAI. The primary goal of surgical treatment is to increase joint clearance and decrease destructive forces being transmitted through the joint. Treatment has been evolving rapidly over the past decade and includes three primary techniques: open surgical dislocation, mini-open, and arthroscopic surgery. Open surgical dislocation is a technique for dislocating the femoral head from the acetabulum with a low risk of avascular necrosis in order to reshape the neck or acetabular rim to improve joint clearance. Mini-open treatment is performed using the distal portion of an anterior approach to the hip to visualize and to correct acetabular and femoral head and neck junction deformities. This does not involve frank dislocation. Recently, arthroscopic treatment has gained popularity. This however does have a steep learning curve and is best done by an experienced surgeon. Short- to mid-term results have shown relatively equal success with all techniques in patients with no or only mild evidence of degenerative changes. Additionally, all techniques have demonstrated low rates of complications.     

钳夹型髋关节撞击综合征术后残存骨性撞击的三维CT量化研究

 目的 探讨钳夹型髋关节撞击综合征术后残存骨性撞击的临床特点及其对疗效的影响。方法 2010年12月至2012年1月接受关节镜下手术且随访2年以上的单纯钳夹型髋关节撞击综合征患者30例,男21例,女9例;年龄28~42岁,平均34.5岁。术前骨关节炎分期为T-nnis 0~2期。应用三维CT重建对残存骨性撞击进行量化评估,包括发生率、骨性撞击角、残存率及好发区域。根据骨性残存程度将患者分为残存率20%组,采用线性回归分析术后残存率与临床疗效的关系。结果 随访时间22~34个月,平均26.3个月。19例（63.3%,19/30）术后残存骨性撞击结构,其中84.2%（16/19）位于髋臼后方。骨性撞击角术前77.47°±21.31°,术后12.94°±18.04°,残存率16.7%±8.83%。改良Harris髋关节评分由术前（55.18±7.96）分提高至术后（94.71±4.39）分,总体满意率76.7%（23/30）。不同残存程度三组患者术后改良Harris髋关节评分分别为（95.86±1.71）分、（95.23±1.99）分和（85.52±6.41）分,残存率>20%组评分低于其他两组。满意率分别为92.9%（13/14）,80.0%（8/10）和33.3%（2/6）,残存率>20%组患者满意率低于其他两组。术后残存率与术后功能评分存在负线性相关关系。结论 单纯钳夹型髋关节撞击综合征术后残存骨性撞击发生率为63.3%,残存率约为16.7%,残存骨性撞击主要发生于髋臼后方。残存率>20%的患者术后功能评分及患者满意度差。     

Inside-out和Outside-in髋关节镜技术治疗股骨髋臼撞击征的疗效对比研究

目的:对比分析两种髋关节镜技术治疗股骨髋臼撞击征(femoroacetabular impingement,FAI)的临床疗效和并发症.方法:回顾性分析2016年6月至2019年6月采用髋关节镜手术治疗并获得随访的48例FAI患者.根据手术方式的不同分为两组,Inside-out组,由中央到外周;Outside-in组...