陪伴机器人在老年护理领域的应用进展

护理机器人的临床开发与应用不仅可协助老年人独立完成日常事务,也能实现健康监测与疾病管理,尤其是陪伴机器人,通过陪伴可促进老人身心健康,提高生活质量。本文主要从陪伴机器人的概述、分类、在老年人群中的应用现状、护士在陪伴机器人应用中起到的作用以及当前面临的挑战和应对策略等进行综述,旨在进一步探索陪伴机器人在多元化智慧养老服务模式中扮演的角色特点。     

机器人在老年人家庭护理中的应用研究进展

目的 综述国内外的人工智能机器人在老年人家庭护理中的应用,提高医护人员认识和为制定智能化家庭护理提供参考。方法 查阅并整理截至2018年国内外关于家庭辅助机器人的相关文献,根据文献结果进行分类及总结。结果 根据老年人不同的护理需求及机器人特性,将机器人分为家庭陪伴型、生活护理型、搬运型、残障护理型及慢性管理型机器人。结论 机器人操作简单,用于老年人家庭护理中不但可以提高老年人的生活质量还可减轻家庭照顾者的照顾负担,但机器人仍存在如机器造价高、灵巧性不足、安全性待提高及应用中的人性伦理等问题。未来应根据目前研究现状及现存问题,结合机器人的优势,从开发价格实惠、实用性强、安全性高等角度,推动机器人研究的快速发展,为老年人的家庭护理带来益处。     

机器人在护理领域中的应用进展

综述了机器人在物品传送、患者转运、康复护理、饮食护理、老年人陪伴中的应用现状,并介绍机器人在护理领域应用中面临的挑战,旨在提高中国护士对机器人的认知,为护士参与机器人的研究和设计提供借鉴。     

机器人在护理领域中的应用现状*

检索相关主题文献,综述机器人在患者转运、临床诊疗护理、日常生活照护、慢性病管理、陪伴护理中的应用现状, 思考面临的挑战并提出应对策略, 为机器人在护理领域中的应用和研究提供参考。     

农村老年手术病人心理需求调查

[目的]了解农村老年病人在手术期的心理需求,为人性化护理工作提供依据。[方法]采用自行设计问卷对手术期老年病人的人口学资料、心理需求、生活护理、健康知识来源等方面进行调查。[结果]老年人随着年龄增长,对子女及家人的依赖性越强。[结论]从老年人的角度出发,在手术期要求家人全程陪伴。     

老年护理学的新理念及发展趋势

本文通过综述相关文献,总结出老年保健医学及护理方面的新理念,包括健康老龄化的概念,建立和完善老年医疗保健福利综合体系,重视并强化老年人的日常生活护理,老年人的健康需要综合评估,老年护理需要专科发展和团队协作等;提出我国老年护理未来发展趋势;旨在应对全球人口老龄化给国家、社会和医疗卫生服务等造成的巨大压力,促进老年专科护理的发展,保障老年人群护理需求。     

机器人在阿尔茨海默症患者治疗和护理中的应用研究

文章综述了护理机器人在阿尔茨海默症患者运动疗法、怀旧疗法、音乐疗法中应用的研究进展,并从动物、远程和家庭3个方面描述了陪伴机器人在阿尔茨海默症患者辅助护理中的应用进展。在此基础上,对护理机器人的研究前景进行了展望。     

机器人在老年护理中的应用进展与机遇挑战

机器人在老年护理中的应用日益广泛,本文综述了机器人在老年护理领域的应用现状,包括生活辅助（移动辅助、进餐辅助、洗浴辅助、搬运辅助）、治疗辅助（健康监测、慢性病管理、口服药管理）、社会辅助（情感支持、认知支持）3个方面,并探讨机器人在老年护理应用中的机遇与挑战,旨在提高护理工作者对机器人在老年护理领域应用的认知,促进机器...     

农村老年手术病人心理需求调查

[目的]了解农村老年病人在手术期的心理需求，为人性化护理工作提供依据。[方法]采用自行设计问卷对手术期老年病人的人口学资料、心理需求、生活护理、健康知识来源等方面进行调查。[结果]老年人随着年龄增长，对子女及家人的依赖性越强。[结论]从老年人的角度出发，在手术期要求家人全程陪伴。     

平衡仪上策略性训练对老年血管性痴呆患者的影响

随着老年人的增龄,脑血管疾病的发生率随之上升,血管性痴呆患者的认知功能及平衡功能随之下降,使日常生活能力受到很大影响。认知及平衡功能的康复护理能够改善老年血管性痴呆患者的日常生活能力和生活质量。本研究旨在观察应用平衡功能检测与训练系统对老年血管痴呆患者的认知与平衡功能训练的效果。     

Collaboration in care and research

This article focuses on psychiatric mental health nursing care and research, with particular attention to collaboration with other health professionals in the area of geriatric mental health. Various components of the NIMH Task Force on Nursing report and recommendations are emphasized. These include research focused on: (a) improving the understanding, treatment, and rehabilitation of the mentally ill; (b) preventing mental illness and promoting mental health; (c) continuous care of persons who are acutely or chronically mentally ill or who are at risk for mental illness; (d) therapeutic interventions with ill persons or those at risk; and (e) the design, implementation, and evaluation of new and existing models of care delivery. An illustrative model of research in geriatric mental health nursing is presented. Particular attention is given to collaborative relationships developed by the primary nursing research team and the nursing staff in an acute care setting, colleagues providing nursing home care, and physician colleagues in geriatric mental health, gerontology, and neurology. Strategies to enhance collaboration and develop collegial relationships for better patient care are presented.     

离退休老年人抑郁状况与社区护理干预

背景随着老年人口的增加,在不断改善老年人躯体健康的同时,应进一步提高他们的精神保健,通过研究离退休老年人抑郁发生现状,为有效的社区护理干预提供依据.目的为提高社区老年人精神保健护理质量,对离退休老年人抑郁症患病情况及相关因素进行了调查分析.设计以离退休老年人为研究对象的横断面抽样研究.单位一所医学院的护理系.对象本研究于2002-09/2002-12在华北煤炭医学院护理系完成,采取家庭访问调查的方法对1000名唐山市离退休老年人进行问卷调查.其中男574人,女426人,年龄60～88岁,平均67岁.方法采用老年抑郁量表和个人一般情况问卷进行调查分析.主要观察指标抑郁量表评分、抑郁患病率及相关因素发生频率.结果离退休老年人轻度抑郁占17.2%,中、重度抑郁占5%,其中离休、女性、文化程度低、缺乏社会支持、生活不充实、缺乏锻炼及健康自评差等因素与抑郁发生关系密切(x2=9.80～175.93,P＜0.05).结论离退休老年人抑郁症患病率较高,在社区护理工作中要重视对离退休老年人的精神保健,特别是对离婚、丧偶、女性、文化程度低的退休者要格外关注.     

老年患者护理需求与专科护士应对策略研究进展

随着我国老龄化社会的发展,越来越多的老年患者需要专科护士的护理.综述了老年患者的护理、健康教育和心理援助需求,并针对老年患者的护理需求,提出了老年专科护士的应对措施:即重视老年专科护士培养、普及老年护理教育、提供高质量的专业化指导、开展老年专科护理评估工具的研究,以满足老年患者多元化的护理需求,适应老龄化社会发展对专科护理的需求.

Abstract：

Accompanying with the development of our country's aging society, more and more elderly patients need the nursing of nurse specialism. This article reviewed the requirements of geriatric nursing care,health education and psychological aid. To aim directly at the nurse need of geriatric patients, suggest the coping intervention of the geriatric nurse specialism:reconstruct the cultivation of geriatric nurse specialism;popularize the health education of geriatric nursing;provide the high-quality professional instruction;carry out the research of geriatric special nursing evaluation instruments;so to satiate the varied nursing requirements and accommodate the requirements on nursing care accompanying with the progress of the aging society.     

Needs,Concerns, and Social Support of Single,Low-Income Mothers

This article synthesizes some consumer literature and highlights the fact that many of their priorities fall outside the purview of contemporary mainstream psychiatry. Given that there is insufficient integration of consumer information into mental health nursing literature, the author overviews biopsychiatry's emphases and omissions for clues to the marginalization of consumer-based concerns. As nursing traditionally focuses on activities of daily living impeded by illness or disability (unlike psychiatry), the article argues that we have a responsibility to assist consumers manage life difficulties arising from structured constraints such as unemployment, poverty, insecure accommodation, and stigma.     

Consumers/service users: is nursing listening?

This article synthesizes some consumer literature and highlights the fact that many of their priorities fall outside the purview of contemporary mainstream psychiatry. Given that there is insufficient integration of consumer information into mental health nursing literature, the author overviews biopsychiatry's emphases and omissions for clues to the marginalization of consumer-based concerns. As nursing traditionally focuses on activities of daily living impeded by illness or disability (unlike psychiatry), the article argues that we have a responsibility to assist consumers manage life difficulties arising from structured constraints such as unemployment, poverty, insecure accommodation, and stigma.     

Geriatric assessment in primary care: formulating best practice

Comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) is a structured approach to measuring physical, mental and social functioning of older people to identify needs and to plan care. Meta-analysis of trials of CGA suggest that it is cost-effective, but there is no agreed approach to its implementation in primary care. Our aim was to develop a best-practice model for geriatric assessment in primary care. We took an iterative approach to development, combining expert and local stakeholder opinion, and using semi-structured interviews to assess patient and practitioner experience in nine general practices in Sheffield. Patients were aged 75 and over, living at home. The best-practice model was the use of a standardized instrument (EASY-Care) to unselected patients aged 75 years and over living at home or in residential care, administered by a practice nurse in the context of an over-75s health check. There was high patient and practitioner acceptability, and significant cost savings were noted. Key beneficial features were the assessment of mental health and sources of support; goal-setting; generation of a disability score; and high patient satisfaction from contact with nursing staff. We conclude that geriatric assessment in primary care is feasible, economical and beneficial to patients and practitioners. Nursing staff are central to successful implementation of geriatric assessment in primary care.     

Continuous care in community psychiatric mental health nursing: current state, future prospects

On the basis of the human rights of patients with psychoses, community psychiatric mental health continuous nursing care holds the core value of "cherishing life, caring for the whole person", and integrates hospital and community medical resources, in order to improve patients' quality of life in the community. This article elaborates on the core value of continuous care in community psychiatric mental health nursing, and on its current state and future prospects, as a source of reference for further development in education and practice.     

“医养融合”老年护理改革的实践与发展

目的：针对日益增长的高龄、病残、失智、失能老人护理现状,改变传统的家庭养老模式,创新“医养融合”老年护理机构和工作内容。方法：以责任制整体护理理论基础为指导,为人住老人提供优质的医疗护理、生活护理服务,即“医养融合”老年护理服务。结果：“医养融合”老年护理完整地覆盖了生命周期。医疗、养老相向而行是一种1＋1〉2的护理模式。结论：集“托老、诊疗、护理、康复、临终关怀”为一体的具有专业化特色的老年护理机构,即“医养融合”老年护理中心,创新了医疗机构和养老机构合作新模式,推动了“医养融合”老年护理的发展。     

Care provision for older adults: who will provide?

The aging of the baby boomers comes at a time of a growing nursing workforce shortage: registered nurses, nurse aides, and nursing faculty. Older adults have multiple physical, social, and psychological conditions, making the assessment, planning, and delivery of health care more complex than that of younger adults. Not surprisingly, this age group also utilizes the majority of health services in the country. Thus, most nurses will provide care to older adults in a variety of settings. However, the majority of nurses have little to no background in geriatric nursing. These multiple forces: aging population with complex needs, nursing work force shortage, and lack of geriatric knowledge, along with fewer resources, will have a grave impact on health care in this country in the near future. This article reviews issues related to an aging population, the projected nursing workforce shortage, and the lack of geriatric nursing education; it concludes with suggestions for future health care delivery to the geriatric population in the US