Relationship of changes in the central hemodynamics to the development of posthypoxic cerebral edema in the postresuscitation period

A syndrome of low cardiac output developed between the first and third hours after resuscitation in 16 dogs subjected to circulatory arrest for 15 min. In half of the cases its development was preceded by an increase in the cardiac output in the initial period of resuscitation. Without hyperperfusion at the beginning of resuscitation, the animals died 9–23 h after the beginning of the experiment. Among the surviving animals, edema of the cerebral cortex always developed in dogs with a reduced cardiac output 24 h after resuscitation, but no cerebral edema was observed in dogs with a high cardiac output.Laboratory of Experimental Physiology of Resuscitation, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR V. A. Negovskii.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 83, No. 3, pp. 266–268, March, 1977.     

Mycoplasma hominis as an agent of diseases of the respiratory tract

The respiratory organs of newborn rats infected intranasally with a broth culture ofMycoplasma hominis were studied by histological, histochemical, and immunofluorescence methods. Tracheitis and, suppurative and interstitial pneumonia with a hemorrhagic component were observed 24 h after infection and lasted until the 7th day of the experiment. During the same period, specific fluorescence ofM. hominis antigen was detected by the immunofluorescence method. The morphological picture found demonstrates the pathogenicity ofM. hominis for the respiratory tract of newborn rats.Institute of Human Morphology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. N. F. Gamaleya Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. P. Avtsyn.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 84, No. 9, pp. 372–375, September, 1977.     

Energy potential of the cerebral cortex in the preagonal and resuscitation periods after acute blood loss

In experiments on dogs the ATP concentration fell (by 38%) and the ADP and AMP concentrations rose by 121 and 875%, respectively, in the cortical gray matter in the preagonal period after hypovolemic hypotension for 4 h. Reflecting these changes, the energy potential fell from 0.931 to 0.736 (P<0.05). In the early and late postresuscitation period the concentrations of these metabolites and the level of the energy potential were the same as initially.Laboratory of General Resuscitation, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR V. A. Negovskii.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 84, No. 11, pp. 569–570, November, 1977.     

Effect of repeated partial hepatectomy on cell division in the regenerating rat liver

Repeated partial hepatectomy (PH), performed 24 h after a 70% PH, had the following effect on the mitotic cell cycle in the regenerating rat liver: it delayed (by about 2 h) the cells in the G₂ period, left the S period almost unchanged, and delayed the cells for 6–8 h in the G₁ period. A mock repeated operation had a similar effect. This indicates that the influence of the repeated PH on the mitotic cell cycle in the regenerating liver is due to operation stress. Additional stimulation of division by repeated PH affects the character of the regeneration process as a whole.Laboratory of Chemical Factors of Regulation of Growth and Cell Division, Institute of Biological and Medical Chemistry, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR V. N. Orekhovich.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 84, No. 10, pp. 488–491, October, 1977.     

Effect of levodopa on the healing of neurogenic degenerative lesions of the gastric mucosa in rats

Neurogenic degeneration of the gastric mucosa was produced in rats by immobilizing the animals for 3h and by electrical stimulation. At the end of stimulation hemorrhagic erosions had developed in the gastric mucosa and they were still present 48 h later. Macroscopic and microscopic investigations showed that injections of levodopa into the rats in a dose of 10 mg/kg for 2 days after the end of stimulation accelerated the healing of hemorrhagic erosions of the mucosa.Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Scientific-Research Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Central Research Laboratory, Leningrad Pediatric Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR S. V. Anichkov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 82, No. 11, pp. 1347–1349, November, 1976.     

Mechanism of disturbances of energy formation in acute ischemia of the liver

Respiration of rat liver mitochondria after the addition of ischemic toxin to the incubation medium was compared with respiration of mitochondria isolated from ischemic rat liver. The changes in respiration in both cases could be prevented by preliminary addition of dithiothreitol and reduced by subsequent addition of cytochrome c or dithiothreitol to the incubation medium. The similarity between the mechanisms of disturbance of energy formation is postulated.Laboratory of Transplantation of Organs and Tissues, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR V. V. Kovanov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 84, No. 9, pp. 301–303, September, 1977.     

Inhibitory action of neuraminidase ofVibrio cholerae in Rauscher mouse leukemia

The inhibitory action of the neuraminidase ofVibrio cholerae in Rauscher mouse leukemia was studied. After treatment of the spleen cells of leukemic mice with neuraminidase in doses of 50 units/ml or more, the ability of these cells to induce leukemia when injected into BALB/c mice was inhibited significantly. Neraminidase in the above concentration, if given by repeated parenteral injection, had no therapeutic action in Rauscher leukemia.D. I. Ivanovskii Institute of Virology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. Scientific-Research Laboratory of Experimental Immunobiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR N. N. Zhukov-Verezhnikov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 82, No. 11, pp. 1357–1359, November, 1976.     

Changes in resistance of partially hepatectomized mice to transplantable tumors in the final stage of regeneration of the liver

When an ascites form of hepatoma 22a was transplanted intraperitoneally into A/he mice 1–12 days after partial hepatectomy two periods of inhibition of its growth were observed. The first 24 h after the operation and the second 3–10 days later. Animals most resistant to transplantation of this particular tumor (5–8 days after transplantation of sarcoma 37 and Ehrlich's adenocarcinoma.Laboratory of Growth and Development, Institute of Human Morphology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. P. Avtsyn.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 83, No. 3, pp. 326–328, March, 1977.     

Comparative study of the action of ethimizole and hydrocortisone on proliferative activity and protein synthesis in epithelial cells of the tongue and liver

Unlike hydrocortisone, ethimizole stimulated mitotic activity of the epithelial cells of the tongue and liver 6 h after its administration. The decrease in the number of mitoses in the hepatocytes after 12 h was due to the action of both substances on DNA synthesis and not to a disturbance of the entry of the cells into mitosis. Stimulation of protein synthesis was detected by autoradiographic and biochemical methods following the action of hydrocortisone and ethimizole at the maximum of inhibition of mitosis.Laboratory of Experimental Histology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR S. V. Anichkov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 83, No. 3, pp. 348–350, March, 1977.     

Changes in the rate of metabolic clearance of cortisol in dogs after terminal states

In the early period of resuscitation after circulatory arrest for 15 min in dogs the rate of metabolic clearance of 17-hydroxycorticosteroids (17-HCS) was found to be reduced, more especially in animals which subsequently died. This decrease was due mainly to a decrease in the clearance of plasma 17-HCS by organs in the splanchnic region and was evidently connected with the circulatory disturbances.Laboratory of Experimental Physiology of Resuscitation, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR V. A. Negovskii.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 83, No. 2, pp. 142–143, February, 1977.     

Effect of ethimizole on energy metabolism in the rat brain

In a dose of 25 mg/kg, 20 min after intraperitoneal injection, ethimizole stimulates oxidative phosphorylation, increases the creatine phosphate content and reduces the concentration of inorganic phosphorus in the brain tissue of rats. It is postulated that ethimizole stimulates energy metabolism through its activating effect on adenyl cyclase.Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR S. V. Anichkov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 83, No. 2, pp. 185–187, February, 1977.     

Investigation of the effect of certain chlorinated hydrocarbons on the composition of the hepatocyte population of the rat liver

Hepatocytes in the liver of albino rats poisoned by inhalation of dichloropropane and trichloropropane were investigated cytophotometrically and karyometrically. With respect to the effect on polyploidization of the hepatocyte nuclei trichloropropane was found to be more toxic than dichloropropane. The development of polyploidization is determined by the dose of the toxic agent and the exposure to it: The smaller the dose the shorter the time required for the effect to take place.Laboratory of Morphology, A. N. Sysin Institute of General and Communal Hygiene, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. Laboratory of Cytology, N. K. Kol'tsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. M. Chernukh.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 83, No. 3, pp. 345–348, March, 1977.     

Fertilization and cleavage of the human ovumin vitro

A method of cultivating and fertilizing human ova obtained from ovaries removed at operation is described. A special method of sampling active spermatozoa was used for fertilization. Zygote formation was observed 24–36 h after fertilization of the ripe ova, an embryo of the two-cell stage was formed after 36–40 h, and an embryo at the four-cell stage after 48 h. The number of blastomeres reached 8 after 60–64 h, and after approximately 100–120 h the embryos reached the morula stage. The results provide wide scope for the study of the physiology and pathology of early human embryonic development.Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR V. G. Baranov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 81, No. 3, pp. 375–377, March, 1976.     

Electron-microscopic autoradiographic investigation of intracellular RNA synthesis in the mouse cerebral cortex

Electron-autoradiographic investigation of DNA synthesis in mouse cerebral cortical neurons showed the highest concentration of label in the nucleolus. Many grains of silver were concentrated above the nucleoplasm. The content of radioactive substances in the cytoplasm of the neurons 2.5 h after injection of uridine-5-³H into the animals was lower than in other types of cells after the same length of contact with the labeled precursor. A considerable difference was observed in the number of grains of silver above serial sections of a single nucleolus and in the character of distribution of the label in neurons situated side by side.Department of Pathological Anatomy, A. V. Vishnevskii Institute of Surgery, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. V. Smol'yannikov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 83, No. 3, pp. 364–366, March, 1977.     

Role of alimentary hyperglycemia in the pathogenesis of some disturbances of lipid metabolism

Alimentary hyperglycemia in rabbits is accompanied by elevation of the serum cholesterol and triglyceride level and also by a progressive rise in the serum concentration of pre--lipoproteins, carriers of endogenous triglycerides. Feeding hyperglycemic animals with cholesterol for a short time leads to earlier and more marked atherogenic changes in the body than similar feeding of normoglycemic animals.Laboratory of Pathological Physiology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Hormone Chemistry, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR N. A. Yudaev.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 81, No. 3, pp. 281–283, March, 1976.     

Changes in the brain serotonin and noradrenalin level in albino rats during training with emotionally different reinforcement

Changes in the brain serotonin (5-HT) and noradrenalin (NA) concentration in the brain of rats during training with emotionally positive (food) and negative (pain) reinforcement were compared. Training of the animals in both cases was accompanied by elevation of the biogenic amine level, but during emotionally positive reinforcement the increase was greater than with emotionally negative reinforcement. Training the animals with food reinforcement was accompanied by an increase in 5-HT predominantly in the cerebral cortex, evidently reflecting the active functioning of the serotoninergic system. After training in a defensive situation, increased activity of the noradrenergic system was observed. The character of the change in the brain biogenic amine level during training thus depends on the emotional quality of the reinforcement used.Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Neurohumoral Regulation, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. Laboratory of Emotional Memory, Department for Problems of Memory, Institute of Biological Physics, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Pushchino-on-Oka. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. M. Chernukh.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 82, No. 11, pp. 1285–1286, November, 1976.     

Changes in some gas exchange indices in dogs in the initial stage of traumatic shock by Cannon's method

Experiments in which traumatic shock was produced by Cannon's method in 35 dogs showed that metabolic acidosis during shock develops against the background of a sharply increased oxygen consumption in the initial stage of trauma when the arterial pressure is much higher than originally. The brain is under the most favorable conditions of gas exchange in traumatic shock, whereas the skeletal muscle of the limbs is less favorably situated. It is concluded that in severe trauma, despite sustained function of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, the tissues of the brain and skeletal muscle do not receive sufficient oxygen as a result of circulatory disturbances and a sharp rise in their oxygen demand.Department of Pathological Physiology, S. M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, Leningrad. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR P. N. Veselkin.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 83, No. 2, pp. 143–145, February, 1977.     

Effect of a suboptimal temperature on the mitotic regime

Keeping Chinese hamster cells for 2 h at a suboptimal temperature (21°C) leads to a fall in the mitotic index and delay of division at the metaphase state. Cooling cause a sharp increase in the number of pathological mitoses, mainly as a result of injury to the mitotic apparatus: C mitoses and dispersion of the chromosomes in metaphase. After transfer of the cells to optimal temperature conditions the mitotic regime is completely restored after 1 h, but at this time the number of pathological mitoses is still appreciably greater than in the control.Laboratory of Cytology, Institute of Human Morphology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. P. Avtsyn.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 83, No. 2, pp. 216–218, February, 1977.     

Investigation of the constitutive proteins of brain structures by electrophoresis in a continuous polyacrylamide gel gradient in capillary tubes

A comparative investigation was made of the protein composition of structures of the rat brain (premotor cortex, area CA3 of the hippocampus, caudate nucleus, frontal lobe of the cerebellum) by electrophoresis in a continuous gradient of polyacrylamide gel (PAG) pores in capillary tubes. This method was shown to have much greater resolving power than electrophoresis in a uniform gel concentration. The method did not reveal any differences in the protein composition of the brain structures studied.Laboratory of Physiological Mechanisms of Memory Control, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR N. P. Bekhtereva.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 86, No. 11, pp. 621–623, November, 1978.     

Detection of reserpine-like substances in the myocardium of animls and man

Substances similar in some of their physicochemical properties to reserpine were found in the myocardium of animals and man. The tissues of the myocardium were shown to synthesize these substances from formate and tryptophan.Laboratory of Pathological Anatomy, All-Union Cardiological Science Center, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. Instite, of Cosmic Research, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR E. I. Chazov). Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi, Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 84, No. 7, pp. 35–38, July, 1977.