Ruptured ectopic pregnancy presenting as an irreducible inguinal hernia

An inguinal hernia that suddenly becomes irreducible may be secondary to a variety of other underlying conditions which can occasionally mislead the attending surgeon. Benign, inflammatory or neoplastic processes, as well as surgical emergencies such as intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal haemorrhage, have all been previously reported to mimic an inguinal hernia that suddenly becomes irreducible with or without clinical features of strangulation. We add an additional interesting presentation to this list in the form of a ruptured ectopic pregnancy, which is the first such case reported in the literature. A swelling in the groin may be much more complicated than it seems on superficial consideration and good clinical acumen is constantly required in managing such cases if a satisfactory outcome without any morbidity is to be expected.     

Irreducible inguinal hernia due to crossed testicular ectopia in an infant

The usual presentation of crossed testicular ectopia (CTE) is that of inguinal hernia with contralateral absent testis. We report on a 10-month-old infant with CTE, which presented as irreducible inguinal hernia. Diagnosis was made during surgery, as the child underwent an emergency operation for repair of his irreducible right inguinal hernia. A normal-sized and normal-shaped testis was found in the hernial sac with its blood vessels and vas deferens. A herniotomy with fixation of the ectopic gonad to the opposite hemiscrotum was done. The child remained asymptomatic 1 year postoperatively. Crossed testicular ectopia in infancy may present as irreducible hernia, requiring urgent surgery.     

Carcinoma of the sigmoid presenting as a right inguinal hernia

We present the case of a 44-year-old man who presented with nausea, vomiting and acute pain in the right groin. On physical examination an irreducible mass was palpated in the right inguinal region. Ultrasound suggested an inguinal hernia sac with bowel contents. Subsequent right inguinal exploration revealed only unspecified necrotizing tissue, but no hernia sac or bowel contents were identified. Two days later laparotomy was required since the inguinal wound produced faecal discharge. The sigmoid appeared to be necrotic and perforated, and was subsequently resected. Histology revealed a perforated adenocarcinoma without lymph node involvement. Incarcerated inguinal hernias containing an adenocarcinoma of the colon are rare, but should be considered in patients presenting with an irreducible palpable mass in the inguinal region. Moreover, a carcinoma of the sigmoid may invade the right inguinal region. An intestinal perforation to skin-level in this population is even rarer and is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates.     

Adductor longus tendon rupture mistaken for incarcerated inguinal hernia

An incarcerated inguinal hernia is a common diagnosis, since the risk of an inguinal hernia incarcerating or strangulating is around 0.3–3%. An acute rupture of the adductor longus tendon is rarely seen and mostly affects (semi-) professional sportsmen. We present a case of a patient with an assumed incarcerated inguinal hernia which turned out to be a proximal adductor longus tendon rupture. If patients without a history of inguinal hernia present themselves with acute groin pain after suddenly exorotating the upper leg, a rupture of the adductor longus tendon should be considered. Both surgical and non-surgical treatment can be performed.     

A case of giant inguinal hernia with intestinal malrotation

INTRODUCTIONGiant inguinal hernia is uncommon nowadays.PRESENTATION OF CASEA 75-year-old man with schizophrenia presented with complaints of episodic abdomen pain and constipation accompanied by a huge right scrotal mass. Physical examination revealed a large, irreducible, non-tender right inguinoscrotal hernia. The hernial mass was about 30 cm and extended to the midpoint of the inner thigh. At laparotomy, the intestine from the proximal transverse colon to the terminal ileum with mesentery was found to have herniated through the right inguinal tract without evidence of ischemia or strangulation. The ascending colon showed no adherence to the retroperitoneum and the third and fourth parts of the duodenum descended vertically without Treitz's ligament. The inguinal defect was closed without complications. Ladd's procedure and appendectomy were performed simultaneously.DISCUSSIONSeveral techniques such as distending the abdominal wall progressively or debulking the abdominal contents have been reported. However, no consensus has been reached on a standard surgical procedure for the management of giant inguinoscrotal hernias.CONCLUSIONThis was the first reported case of giant inguinal hernia containing malrotated intestine.     

A rare inguinal mass: Round ligament leiomyoma

INTRODUCTIONLeiomyoma of the round ligament is a rare condition and usually appears like an inguinal hernia.PRESENTATION OF CASEWe report a case of a 40 year-old women found to have an inguinal mass which it was finally diagnosed as leiomyoma.The patient was admitted to our hospital with a history of painless groin mass. The mass was thought to be irreducible inguinal hernia. Surgical exploration demonstrated a round ligament leiomyoma.DISCUSSIONA smooth muscle tumor in the round ligament of the uterus in the inguinal region is a rare entity and can be mistaken for an irreducible inguinal hernia. It is a rare condition occurring predominantly in premenopausal middle-aged women. Abdominal, inguinal, and vulvar locations have been described. Surgical excision is the curative treatment.CONCLUSIONLeiomyoma of the round ligament should be entertained as a possible etiology of inguinal mass.     

腔镜下腹膜外复位及TEP治疗腹股沟难复性疝临床研究

【摘要】 目的 探讨腔镜下腹膜外复位及TEP治疗腹股沟难复性疝的临床应用效果以及安全性评估。方法〓选取2012年3月~2015年11月期间于我院行腔镜下腹膜外复位及TEP治疗腹股沟难复性疝患者48例作为观察组,同时选取同期采用传统开放式的疝环填充无张力性修补术治疗腹股沟难复性疝患者50例作为本研究对照组,观察并对比两组患者的临床应用效果。结果〓两组患者的手术时间对比,对照组稍短。但是观察组患者的术中出血量、下床活动时间、疼痛的持续时间以及住院时间均明显低于对照组患者,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),同时手术并发症的发生率(6.25%)也明显低于对照组发生率(22.00%),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 临床中利用腔镜下腹膜外复位及TEP治疗腹股沟难复性疝是可行的,符合文献报道,即较传统开放式疝修补术具有优势。     

腹股沟难复性疝临床分析35例

目的：探讨腹股沟难复性疝的手术时机选择。方法回顾性分析2008年10月至2013年12月,无锡市第三人民医院收治难复性腹股沟疝患者35例的临床资料,分析疝环大小、疝囊内容物与手术时机的关系。结果35例患者中,10例行急诊手术,其中股疝8例,腹股沟疝2例,术中发现疝囊内容物为大网膜,疝环直径均＜1．0 cm。25例行择期手术,术中证实疝囊内容物均为大网膜,大网膜与疝囊有粘连,疝环直径1．5-3．0 cm。术后均无切口感染、肠梗阻等并发症,随访3个月至3年,均无复发。结论腹股沟难复性疝疝囊内容物大网膜多见,病情严重程度与疝环大小密切相关,疝环大小在手术时机上起决定性作用。     

高频彩色多普勒超声在老年腹股沟斜疝、直疝及股疝中的诊断与鉴别

目的分析高频彩色多普勒超声在老年腹股沟斜疝、直疝及股疝中的应用价值。 方法将2019年11月至2021年11月在庐江县人民医院收治的140例诊断为腹股沟疝的老年患者为研究对象,分析患者临床资料。全部患者均接受高频彩色多普勒超声检查,经手术探查,分析斜疝、直疝及股疝的不同超声影像表现,对比分析超声检出率与准确率。 结果高频彩色多普勒超声检查,直疝所占比例为15.94%;其中斜疝所占比率最多为78.26%,股疝所占比率为5.80%。所有患者经手术验证：腹股沟直疝的准确率为100%;腹股沟斜疝中,易复性疝准确率为97.78%,难复性疝为100%,嵌顿性疝为100%,绞窄性疝为100%,股疝为100.00%。所有病例超声检测准确率为98.57%。 结论高频彩色多普勒超声在老年腹股沟斜疝、直疝及股疝中的诊断价值较高,能有效对腹外疝的分型做出准确判断,值得临床推广。     

腹腔镜经腹腹膜前疝修补术联合腹股沟区小切口在腹股沟疝治疗中的应用

目的探讨腹腔镜经腹腹膜前疝修补术（TAPP）联合腹股沟区小切口治疗难复性及嵌顿性腹股沟疝患者的临床疗效。 方法回顾性分析2016年1月至2019年4月，常熟市第二人民医院62例一期行疝修补手术的单侧难复性或嵌顿性腹股沟疝患者的临床资料，其中行腹股沟区小切口联合TAPP修补术患者16例，行TAPP修补术患者21例，行开放无张力修补术患者25例。 结果TAPP联合腹股沟区小切口组与TAPP组住院时间、手术时间、切口并发症、排尿困难及睾丸坏死发生率等方面比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；而在住院费用及术后阴囊/会阴肿胀发生率方面比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。TAPP联合腹股沟区小切口组与开放组比较，在住院时间、术后切口并发症发生率及排尿困难发生率比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；而在住院费用、手术时间、其他术后并发症发生率比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。 结论TAPP联合腹股沟区小切口治疗难复性或嵌顿性腹股沟疝行可缩短住院时间或减少术后并发症的发生，值得在临床中应用推行。     

Irreducible inguinal hernia: To reduce or not to reduce?

A case of irreducible inguinal hernia is reported. Successful reduction of the hernia resulted in delayed perforation of the sigmoid colon and faecal peritonitis. The question of whether one should attempt reducing an irreducible inguinal hernia is discussed.      

Looking past the lump: genetic aspects of inguinal hernia in children

Inguinal hernia is associated with a multitude of genetic syndromes. Disorders of the microfibril, elastin, collagen, and the glycosaminoglycan component of the extracellular matrix can result in an increase in the likelihood of inguinal hernia. In addition, inguinal hernia may be the presenting feature of disorders of sexual differentiation. Inguinal hernia of unknown etiology also occurs more commonly in several other groups of genetic diseases including chromosomal disorders, microdeletion disorders such as 22q11.2 microdeletion, and in single gene disorders. We review the genetics of connective tissue formation and focus on a series of genetic conditions that may present with or are characterized by a higher risk of inguinal hernia. A comprehensive review of the literature aims to provide a diagnostic framework to aid in the identification of patients with inguinal hernia as part of underlying genetic disease.     

Amyand’s hernia and peri-appendicular abscess in primary care

We report an unusual case of peri-appendicular abscess occurring in an irreducible Amyand's hernia, managed in a primary care setting. An 84-year-old gentleman, with severe chronic obstructive airways disease, was assessed in a Primary Care surgical clinic and found to have a moderate-sized, tender, irreducible right inguinal hernia. He underwent immediate surgery under local anaesthetic. He was found to have a peri-appendicular abscess and perforated appendix within a right indirect inguinal hernia sac. Appendicectomy and sutured hernia repair were performed under local anaesthesia.     

Intestinal gangrene due to mesenteric vascular occlusion masquerading as strangulated inguinal hernia

Strangulated inguinal hernia may present with intestinal gangrene. However, mesenteric arterial thrombosis producing massive gangrene of the bowel as content in inguinal hernia is an entity probably not reported in the medical literature. We report a case of inguinal hernia presenting with features of strangulation, which on exploration was found to be a case of massive bowel gangrene due to superior mesenteric artery thrombosis affecting the terminal ileum, cecum, ascending colon and proximal three-fourths of the transverse colon. We think this is the first case report of superior mesenteric artery thrombosis masquerading as strangulated inguinal hernia and present it with a message that while dealing with an inguinal hernia with gangrenous bowel as the content, one should keep in mind a rare possibility of mesenteric thrombo-embolism as the cause.     

Amyand’s hernia in premature neonates: report of two cases

The finding of a normal or inflamed vermiform appendix within an inguinal hernia is termed Amyand’s hernia. It is extremely rare in children, especially in infants and neonates. When it occurs, it is usually misdiagnosed as an irreducible or strangulated inguinal hernia, and the accurate diagnosis is made intraoperatively. We report two cases of Amyand’s hernia in premature neonates. Both patients presented on admission with signs and symptoms indicating a strangulated right inguinal hernia, and the accurate diagnosis was made intraoperatively. One of them had progressed to local peritonitis. Appendicectomy and hernia repair were made at the same time through an inguinal transverse incision, and the postoperative course was uneventful in both. We point out the need to consider acute appendicitis in the differential diagnosis of strangulated right inguinal hernia.     

Irreducible inguinal hernia,bowel obstruction,and torsion of testis in a patient with testicular feminization syndrome

Testicular feminization syndrome, irreducible inguinal hernia, bowel obstruction, and testicular torsion were diagnosed and treated in a 13-year-old girl. Diagnosis of this case in such a complex form in an emergency room is a rare occurrence. Through this case, we want to emphasize the coincidence of inguinal hernia and testicular feminization and the X-linked recessive transmission character of the disease.     

De Garengeot hernia with perforated appendicitis and a groin subcutaneous abscess: A case report

IntroductionDe Garengeot hernia is rare. Although previous reports have suggested various surgical options according to patient condition, comorbidities, surgeon preference, and clinical findings during surgery, a treatment strategy has not been established.Presentation of caseAn 81-year-old woman presented with an irreducible tender mass that was subsequently diagnosed as an incarcerated femoral hernia with a subcutaneous abscess in the right groin. Intraoperative findings revealed a necrotic and perforated appendix strangulated by the femoral ring for which an appendectomy and herniorrhaphy was performed concurrently through the hernia sac. The subcutaneous abscess cavity was washed thoroughly and a drainage tube was placed within it. The patient recovered uneventfully.DiscussionWe suggest that the approach through the inguinal incision in both appendectomy and herniorrhaphy with drainage may be useful in avoiding intra-abdominal contamination in cases of de Garengeot hernia with subcutaneous abscess.ConclusionHere, we described a case of de Garengeot hernia with a subcutaneous abscess in the groin. Clinicians should consider de Garengeot hernia in patients with a groin hernia, make an early diagnosis, and promptly provide surgical treatment to reduce the risk of complications.     

Ruptured abdominal aneurysm disguised as an incarcerated inguinal hernia

An incarcerated inguinal hernia is a textbook example of a basic and straightforward diagnosis. In rare cases, an incarcerated hernia may be a symptom of more complex underlying pathology. In this case report a patient with a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm presented with an incarcerated left inguinal hernia. Only two other cases have been reported with a stable patient at initial presentation. The diagnosis was suspected when blood seeping next to the internal inguinal ring was detected, and an urgent ultrasound in the operating room confirmed the diagnosis. Whether or not patients with an inguinal hernia are more at risk for an AAA remains unclear.     

全自动超声容积断层扫描在腹外疝诊断分类中的应用价值探讨

目的 探讨全自动超声容积断层扫描(AUVS)在腹外疝诊断分类中的应用价值.方法 术前对62例疑似腹外疝进行AUVS检查,对AUVS区域的任意切面(横断面、矢状面、冠状面)的立体结构、疝环位置、疝囊、疝内容物及回纳途径进行观察,诊断出腹外疝的类型,并将诊断结果 与术后诊断进行比较.结果 在对腹外疝病例的诊断分类中,AUV...     

De Garengeot hernia: Case report and review

IntroductionRene De Garengeot, a French surgeon, was the first to describe the presence of the appendix inside a femoral hernia sac in 1731. It is a rare entity that has fewer than 100 cases reported in literature.Presentation of caseAn 86 years-old male patient, comes to Emergency Department complaining of painful bulging in the right inguinal region, associated with local inflammatory signs. He was initially diagnosed as incarcerated femoral hernia and underwent emergency open surgery. Inguinotomy was performed and after hernia sac dissection it was possible to observe the presence of the appendix incarcerated in its interior, without clinical signs of appendicitis. Surgeons performed appendectomy and inguinal repair of the femoral hernia with placement of a polypropylene mesh.DiscussionDe Garengeot hernia is a rare entity that requires early treatment in order to avoid possible complications. When facing a patient with incarcerated hernia emergency surgery must be indicated even if it is not possible to determine the contents of the hernia.ConclusionThis paper presents a case report of a De Garengeot hernia patient who presented a good evolution after surgery.