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目的了解新疆伊犁州奎屯市学龄前儿童忽视状况,为学龄前儿童健康发展提供支持。方法在新疆伊犁州奎屯市随机抽取15所幼儿园,以园内3~6岁学龄前儿童为调查对象,共调查2 646人,对其采用儿童忽视状况评价问卷进行调查,并对结果进行统计分析。结果奎屯市学龄前儿童总体忽视人数比例为52.04%,忽视度为42.71±7.62。男童的忽视率高于女童,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=6.012,P0.05),忽视度得分相比较差异无统计学意义。学龄前儿童年龄越大忽视率越低,忽视度得分也越低。散居儿童的忽视人数比例和忽视度显著高于集体居住方式,差异有统计学意义(χ~2值分别为72.191、12.413,均P0.01)。教育的忽视率最低,为10.17%;忽视率最高的为安全方面,为27.74%。忽视度得分最低的为情感方面,为35.59±9.08;最高的为身体方面,为44.43±10.69。父母学历和职业与各忽视方面差异有统计学意义(均P0.05)。家庭类型和主要抚养人对忽视各方面差异也有统计学意义(均P0.01)。logistic回归分析显示,母亲职业、母亲学历、家庭类型和儿童年龄等变量分别进入回归方程。结论奎屯市学龄前儿童忽视状况不容乐观,需要社会、学校和家庭的共同关注以降低忽视的发生。 相似文献
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目的 了解南通市城区学龄前儿童忽视现状,探究其影响因素,为本地区儿童忽视防治提供理论依据。方法 2021年1月采用随机整群抽样的方法,抽取南通市城区9所幼儿园,采用“中国城市3~6岁儿童忽视评价常模”量表对1 141名儿童家长进行问卷调查。结果 南通市城区学龄前忽视率为28.6%,忽视度为40.21±6.67。其中男生与女生的忽视率分别为28.0%和29.2%,忽视度分别为40.29±6.54和40.13±6.80,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。不同年龄组别儿童忽视率和忽视度差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。非独生子女忽视率和忽视度均高于独生子女(χ2=6.209,t=3.947,P<0.05)。家庭月收入越高的儿童忽视率和忽视度均越低(χ2=28.487,F=25.453),Green评分为中等水平的儿童忽视率和忽视度均最低(χ2=11.595,F=17.215),主要照顾人为父母的儿童忽视率和忽视度均低于祖父母/外祖父母(χ2=19.269,F=5.402),差异均具有... 相似文献
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了解淄博市农村3~6岁儿童忽视现状,为制定相应的干预措施提供依据.方法 采用分层整群抽样方法,使用“中国3~6岁农村儿童忽视状况评价问卷”,对淄博市3个县2 737名农村3~6岁儿童进行问卷调查.结果 淄博市农村3~6岁儿童总忽视率为51.48%,总忽视度为(42.05±7.83).3岁组忽视率和忽视度最高,为56.00%和(43.04±7.88);6~7岁组最低,为48.26%和(41.46±7.48).散居儿童忽视率(66.77%)、忽视度(45.52±8.06)均高于集体儿童(47.00%,41.03±7.46)(x2=75.068,t=12.391,P值均<0.01).在6个忽视层面上,儿童教育忽视率最低(9.13%),安全忽视率最高(26.20%).非条件Logistic回归分析显示,农村儿童受忽视的影响因素有母亲文化程度、母亲职业、家庭类型、儿童年龄(OR值分别为1.234,1.107,1.333,1.240,P值均<0.05).结论 淄博市农村3~6岁儿童忽视率和忽视度较低,且受儿童年龄影响.家长和社会应共同关注,减少儿童忽视的发生. 相似文献
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目的:了解广东省广州从化市城区学龄前儿童忽视现状,为相关部门采取防治儿童忽视措施提供数据。方法:采用随机整群抽样的方法用《中国3~6岁城区儿童忽视状况评价问卷》调查广东省广州从化市4所幼儿园3~6岁的536名儿童家长或照顾该儿童的其他家庭成员进行统计分析。结果:广东省广州从化市学龄前儿童总忽视率为48.32%,总忽视度为45.51,儿童忽视现况严重。男女童的总忽视率分别为48.45%和48.11%,两者比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);男女童的总忽视度分别为45.58和45.41,两者差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。年龄组间儿童的总忽视率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),总忽视度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。不同年龄组的情感、教育、医疗层面忽视率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中3岁组情感、教育、医疗层面忽视率最大,6岁组相对各层面忽视率较低,随着年龄增大,忽视率逐渐减小。不同年龄组的教育、医疗忽视度差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),其中3岁组的教育、医疗忽视度最大,6岁组的最小,随着年龄增大,忽视度逐渐减小。不同家庭类型儿童总忽视率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),总忽视度差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);不同家庭类型儿童的身体忽视率、身体和医疗忽视度差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。单亲家庭儿童各层面忽视率和忽视度均较高。结论:广东省广州从化市学龄前儿童忽视现况严重,应引起重视。 相似文献
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目的 了解河南省信阳市3~6岁儿童忽视状况及影响因素.方法 采用“中国3~6岁城区儿童忽视常模”中制定的量表和评价方法,调查1 005名3~6岁儿童忽视状况,采用多因素logistic回归分析方法分析忽视的相关影响因素.结果 调查对象总忽视率为31.7%,男童总忽视率和身体忽视率高于女童(均P<0.05);不同年龄组总忽视率和安全忽视率差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);三代同堂、核心家庭儿童在总忽视率、情感忽视率、医疗忽视率层面低于单亲家庭和再婚家庭儿童(均P<0.05);调查儿童忽视度为(45.7±6.8),男女童总忽视度差异无统计学意义(u=1.35,P=0.172),但男童身体忽视度高于女童(u =2.95,P=0.002);不同年龄组总忽视度、身体、教育及安全忽视度差异有统计学意义(均P =0.000),三代同堂、核心家庭儿童总忽视度、情感、教育、安全和医疗忽视度低于单亲家庭和再婚家庭儿童(均P =0.000);多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示,家庭类型(OR=4.689,P=0.009)、父母亲职业(OR =0.064;P =0.001)、父母亲文化程度(OR=0.130,P=0.000)、父母的关系(OR =4.578,P=0.000)4个因素是儿童受忽视的主要影响因素.结论 信阳市3~6岁儿童受忽视程度比较严重,影响儿童受忽视的主要因素为家庭类型、父母亲文化程度、父母亲职业、父母的关系. 相似文献
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探讨影响城区学龄前儿童忽视的相关因素,为制定有针对性的干预措施提供依据.方法 采用随机整群抽样方法,使用自拟问卷和中国3~6岁城区儿童忽视状况评价问卷对唐山市城区1 642名学龄前儿童的家长进行问卷调查.结果 唐山市城区学龄前儿童总忽视率为36.4%,总忽视度为(43.32±7.76).多因素Logistic回归分析表明,儿童年龄小(OR=1.149,95%CI=1.032~ 1.279)、儿童性格内向(OR=1.846,95%CI=1.240~2.747)、父亲性格内向(OR=2.207,95%CI=1.403~ 3.473)、母亲性格内向(OR=1.907,95%CI=1.147~3.168)、家庭成员关系冷淡(OR=1.926,95%CI=1.376~2.696)、教育态度不一致(OR=1.487,95%CI=1.166~ 1.897)、长期寄养(OR=1.667,95%CI=1.031 ~ 2.696)是儿童受忽视的危险因素.多元逐步回归分析结果显示,影响儿童忽视度的因素有儿童年龄、儿童性格、父母性格、家庭类型、人均住房面积、家庭成员关系、教育方式、教育态度及儿童长期寄养(P值均<0.05).结论 唐山市城区学龄前儿童受忽视状况严重,影响因素涉及儿童、父母和家庭因素. 相似文献
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目的 对学龄前儿童注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)的发生情况、学龄前儿童忽视情况进行调查,探讨儿童忽视与学龄前儿童ADHD发生的关系,促进儿童健康发展.方法 采用Conners父母问卷和专家访谈相结合的方式,对无锡市604名3~6岁儿童进行ADHD的患病情况调查;应用“中国3~6岁城区儿童忽视状况评价问卷”对上述儿童进行问卷调查.结果 无锡市学龄前儿童ADHD患病率为5.0% (30/604);无锡市3~6岁儿童的总忽视率为27.5% (166/604),忽视总分值为151.4,总忽视度为41.6(151.4/364×100);学龄前ADHD儿童受忽视率、忽视度显著高于正常儿童(x2=10.584,P<0.01;t=2.634,P<0.05);两组儿童在身体、情感、教育、医疗层面的忽视具有显著性差异(t值分别为2.309、2.373、2.142、3.202,均P<0.05);情感、教育、医疗层面的忽视为学龄前儿童ADHD产生的危险因素.结论 学龄前ADHD儿童的忽视状况较正常儿童更为严重,情感、教育、医疗层面的忽视在学龄前儿童ADHD的发生中起一定作用. 相似文献
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Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years. 相似文献
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C L Rümke 《Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde》1985,129(51):2469-2471
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Leon Braier Ashley Levy Klaus Dror Asher Pardo 《American journal of industrial medicine》1981,2(2):119-123
Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood. 相似文献
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Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors. 相似文献
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This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965. 相似文献
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恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。 相似文献
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目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12%和23.64%.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00%、23.53%、36.00%、5.26%和27.03%,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P<0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P<0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P>0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全. 相似文献