Clinical Results with the Saab Jig in High Tibial Osteotomy for Medial Gonarthrosis

In 56 patients with medial gonarthrosis high tibial osteotomy was performed using the SAAB jig, and another 43 patients with the same condition were operated on without this aid. Significantly greater precision was achieved in the removal of a wedge of the intended size with the aid of the SAAB jig. There was also significantly less increase in anterior inclination of the articular surface of the tibia on lateral X-rays when the SAAB jig was used. Operation using the device is not technically difficult, but is more time-consuming. the SAAB jig is a useful tool for achieving the predetermined correction in high tibial osteotomy.     

High Tibial Osteotomy with Overcorrection of Varus Malalignment in Medial Gonarthrosis

Seventy-eight knee joints with varus malalignment were examined pre-operatively using three-point measurement. Operation was performed with or without 5° overcorrection of the varus deformity using random selection. the overcorrection group showed significantly better results than the normal-correction group.     

Technical Accuracy in High Tibial Osteotomy for Gonarthrosis

A preoperative roentgenological analysis of the whole leg in the standing position is presented as an aid in high tibial osteotomy for medial oestoarthritis of the knee. This analysis provides information about the mechanical condition of the knee, the extent of the deformity and the exact size of the wedge of bone to be excised during the operation. the initial experience with this method is encouraging. in 66 osteotomies four—fifths had a postoperative correction within ± 3° of the predicted angle and after 1 year two—thirds were still within this range.     

Knee Instability Before and After High Tibial Osteotomy

Knee joints were examined by three-point measurement (Edholm et al. 1976, 1977). the instability in arthrotic joints did not differ significantly from that in normal knees, but the varus/valgus deviation as measured by the three-point technique differed significantly from that in normal knees. After high tibial osteotomy for varus malalignment the instability increased significantly. An increase of more than 2° was associated with significantly poorer subjective results of operation. the findings indicate that shortening of the lateral stabilizing structures of the knee joint should be carried out in connection with high tibial osteotomy for varus malalignment. No upper limit of preoperative instability consistent with a good result of operation was established.     

Failure of the Correction of Varus Deformity Obtained by High Tibial Osteotomy

Failure of the correction of varus deformity after high tibal osteotomy has been analysed in 99 knee joints. As this relapse occurred mainly after removal of the cast at 6 weeks, it is recommended that the patient should not load the affected leg without a cast until 10 weeks after the operation.

No patient-linked factor was identified that might be considered to account for the failure of correction during union.

There was a tendency for the valgus/varus deviation of the knee, as determined by the three-point technique, to drift in the varus direction. Between 3 and 24 months after the operation this drift was on average 1.1°.     

The high tibial osteotomy,open versus closed wedge,a comparison of methods in 108 patients

Introduction: One hundred and eight patients with varus gonarthrosis were treated with high tibial osteotomy (HTO) in 2001. Fifty one patients received an open wedge osteotomy by using the ‘Puddu’ plate and 57 patients received a Coventry-type closing wedge osteotomy. For both groups the follow-up examination period was 22.5 months (253–1009 days). Material and Methods: To evaluate the study, radiological and subjective criteria as well as the Lysholm and the Tegner Activity Score were used. Altogether 84 % of the patients were included in the follow-up examination study. Results: In both groups a significant improvement of both scores were achieved. Both methods obtained safe and reproducible results for the correction considering the different operation techniques. There were no differences in outcome between the two methods. Satisfactory results were also achieved for early arthrosis of the femoropatellar and the lateral compartment. Conclusion: Open and closed wedge HTOs obtain significant improvement in patients with medial osteoarthritis of the knee. Using the right technique is very important for good results. For stabilization of the medial ligament we recommend the open wedge osteotomy. The patient should be informed about the routine removal of the metal plate.     

High tibial osteotomy for varus gonarthrosis: a 10- to 24-year follow-up study

From January 1976 to December 1990, 66 high tibial osteotomies for medial gonarthrosis were performed in 59 patients. Thirty knees of 26 patients (18 women and 8 men) were reviewed after a mean follow-up period of 15.3 years (range, 10–24 years). The mean age of these 26 patients was 59 years at the time of operation and 75.5 years at the latest follow-up. The average femoro-tibial angle changed, from 187° before surgery to 170° after surgery, and to 174° at the latest follow-up. Progression of osteoarthritic changes was observed in 87% for the medial and in 90% for the lateral compartment of the knee. Clinical results, assessed according to the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) knee score, showed improvement with a score of 65 points before surgery, and a score of 81 points at the latest follow-up. The overall clinical results were satisfactory for 60% of the knees. The results of this long-term follow-up study show that high tibial osteotomy for medial compartment osteoarthritis can be effective for as long as 15 years. Received: January 24, 2001 / Accepted: July 7, 2001     

Total knee arthroplasty after failed high tibial osteotomy long-term follow-up of matched groups

Forty patients with 51 knee arthroplasties after high tibial osteotomy were compared with a matched group of patients with primary knee arthroplasties. Patients were matched according to length of follow-up, age, sex, prosthetic design, and surgeon. At an average of 12.6 years, the patients were reviewed and assessed clinically using the Hospital for Special Surgery scoring system. Radiologic assessment was also performed. Although the overall Hospital for Special Surgery scores showed no significant difference between the 2 groups, there were more patients in the osteotomy group with a poor result (P = .027), significantly reduced flexion (P = .006), and higher reoperation rate. There were more failures after high tibial osteotomy. Failures tend to occur in the medium to long term, emphasizing the importance of long-term follow-up.     

Optimal Correction in High Tibial Osteotomy for Varus Deformity

As a basis for determining the required correction in high tibial osteotomy a measurement of the lateral angle between the axes of the femur and the tibia on standing films is not sufficiently reliable, because the knee can be maintained in various positions through muscular action. When the three-point technique is applied the medio-lateral instability of the knee joint can be determined and by using the varus/valgus deviation as measured in this way the desired correction can be calculated. For this patient series it was found that correction to between 3 and 7° valgus of the varus/valgus deviation (three-point technique) led to the best subjective rating of the end result by the patients. To compensate for the expected relapse after the operation another 1 or 2° may be added to the angular change at the operation. To avoid an increase in the instability of the knee a lateral capsule reconstruction should be performed.     

High tibial closing wedge osteotomy for medial compartment osteoarthrosis of knee

Background:

Most patients of symptomatic osteoarthrosis of knee are associated with varus malalignment that is causative or contributory to painful arthrosis. It is rational to correct the malalignment to transfer the functional load to the unaffected or less affected compartment of the knee to relieve symptoms. We report the outcome of a simple technique of high tibial osteotomy in the medial compartment osteoarthrosis of the knee.

Materials and Methods:

Between 1996 and 2004 we performed closing wedge osteotomy in 78 knees in 65 patients. The patients selected for osteotomy were symptomatic essentially due to medial compartment osteoarthrosis associated with moderate genu varum. Of the 19 patients who had bilateral symptomatic disease 11 opted for high tibial osteotomy of their second knee 1-3 years after the first operation. Preoperative grading of osteoarthrosis and postoperative function was assessed using Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) rating scale.

Results:

At a minimum follow-up of 2 years (range 2-9 years) 6-10° of valgus correction at the site of osteotomy was maintained, there was significant relief of pain while walking, negotiating stairs, squatting and sitting cross-legged. Walking distance in all patients improved by two to four times their preoperative distance of 200-400 m. No patient lost any preoperative knee function. The mean JOA scoring improved from preoperative 54 (40-65) to 77 (55-85) at final follow-up.

Conclusion:

Closing wedge high tibial osteotomy performed by our technique can be undertaken in any setup with moderate facilities. Operation related complications are minimal and avoidable. Kirschner wire fixation is least likely to interfere with replacement surgery if it becomes necessary.     

胫骨高位截骨术与单髁置换术治疗膝内侧间室骨关节炎的疗效

目的 探讨胫骨高位截骨术(HTO)与单髁置换术(UKA)治疗膝内侧间室骨关节炎的疗效.方法 将60例膝内侧间室骨关节炎患者按治疗方法的不同分为HTO组和UKA组,每组30例.比较术中出血量、手术时间、术后引流量、并发症发生情况.记录两组术前及末次随访时疼痛VAS评分、Tegner膝关节运动评分、HSS评分.结果 患者均...     

Outcomes of total knee arthroplasty following high tibial osteotomy

Background:

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) following high tibial osteotomy (HTO) is a technically demanding procedure with varying results. The purpose of our study was to analyze the clinicoradiological results of TKA following HTO and to identify the factors that may influence the final outcome.

Materials and Methods:

55 patients (58 knees) who had undergone a previous HTO were treated with a TKA from 1991 to 2009. There were 34 female and 21 male patients. The average age was 61.9 years (range 52-82 years) and the average weight was 79.5 kg (range 54-106 kg), with an average body mass index of 29.6 (range 21.8-34.6) at the time of TKA. The knee society scores (KSSs) and knee society functional scores were evaluated for every patient pre and postoperatively and the results evaluated.

Results:

The mean period of followup was 11.2 years (range 3-18 years) and the patients were followed up every year. The average KSS score at final followup improved from 38.5 (range 0-80 points) preoperatively to 88.5 postoperatively (range 35-95 points) (P < 0.05). The mean femorotibial angle corrected from 6.8 degrees (range 5-12°) varus preoperatively to a valgus of 4.4 (2-8°) degrees postoperatively. The average joint line height improved to an average of 9.6 mm (range 4.4-22 mm) (P < 0.01) at the last followup. The average Insall Salvatti Ratio also improved (average 1.11 preoperative - 1.21 average postoperative) (P < 0.05). The average range of motion improved to 108° (range 85°-125°) from 76° preoperative (range 55°-100°) (P < 0.01).

Conclusion:

Although TKA postHTO is a demanding surgery however, with newer component designs, results are comparable to primary TKA. Technical difficulties in exposure can sometimes lead to component malpositioning, which can affect the final outcome. Inadequate soft tissue balancing and limb malalignment should always be kept in mind. Regular followup to look for evidences of loosening is advised in such patients].     

Changes in load distribution in the knee after opening-wedge or closing-wedge high tibial osteotomy

The treatment of unicompartmental osteoarthritis of the knee by high tibial osteotomy has been carried out by closing-wedge osteotomy. The advantages for opening-wedge osteotomy are ease of procedure and improved correction with comparable short-term to midterm results. It is not known how the opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy procedure alters the load distribution between the medial and lateral compartments of the knee. The current biomechanical study investigated opening-wedge vs closing-wedge osteotomies in 5 pairs of cadaver knees. The results showed that at 5 degrees osteotomy, the closing-wedge provided superior results of load transfer from medial to lateral compartment than that seen with opening-wedge, but at 10 degrees osteotomy, there was no significant difference in load transfer in the knee compartments between the 2 surgery modes.     

Fractured coracoid with anterior shoulder dislocation and greater tuberosity fracture--report of a bilateral case

We treated 23 patients with recalcitrant posttraumatic humeral shaft nonunion with vascularized bone grafts (fibula 10, femur 10 and scapula 3). 21/23 patients healed primarily. Venous thrombosis in the graft necessitated postoperative thrombectomy in 2 patients. Complications at the donor site were trivial. We used a vascularized fibular graft in patients with a large bone defect and with poor intrinsic stability of the nonunion site and a corticoperiosteal femoral graft in atrophic nonunion without a substantial bone defect. The scapula graft is easy to transfer to the surgical neck of the humerus on its pedicle.     

两种截骨术治疗膝骨关节炎合并膝内翻的比较

目的观察对比两种胫骨高位截骨术治疗膝骨关节炎合并膝内翻畸形的临床疗效。方法分别采用胫骨高位截骨连同腓骨中段截骨和胫骨高位截骨连同腓骨小头截骨纠正膝内翻畸形，术后5年以内及5年以后者按同一标准对其疗效进行评价。结果随访结果按窦宝信标准进行评估。胫骨高位截骨连同腓骨中段截骨5年以内及5年以后随访的优良率分别为84．6％、69．2％；胫骨高位截骨连同腓骨小头截骨5年以内及5年以后随访的优良率分别为81．7％、68．1％。两种手术方法的临床优良率基本相似。胫骨高位截骨连同腓骨小头截骨手术时间、手术切口长度、出血量显著低于胫骨高位截骨连同腓骨中段截骨。结论胫骨高位截骨治疗膝关节骨关节炎合并内翻畸形临床疗效确切，远期疗效有下降趋势。胫骨高位截骨连同腓骨小头截骨具有手术创伤小、出血少、手术时间短、腓深神经损伤发生率低等优点。     

Total knee arthroplasty after failed high tibial osteotomy

The objective of this review was to propose surgical techniques for different technical problems in total knee arthroplasty after high tibial osteotomy and to discuss the literature on the subject. Whereas early results of high tibial osteotomy in the treatment of unicompartmental osteoarthritis of the knee were promising, long-term follow-up indicates recurrence of symptoms and finally the need for total knee replacement in most cases. One of the major problems caused by high tibial osteotomy is an extraarticular deformity difficult to correct with ligament balancing. Based on the parameters “valgus angle”, “ROM” and “patella position”, the knees were evaluated and classified, then surgical techniques for the different grades of this classification were described. Most studies show that arthroplasty in a knee after osteotomy is more prone to complications such as persisting pain, malalignement and infections. After reviewing the literature, the overall results of total knee arthroplasties after failed high tibial osteotomy were found to be inferior to that after primary total knee arthroplasty. We concluded that total knee arthroplasty after failed high tibial osteotomy is technically more demanding than primary arthroplasty and that the use of the appropriate technique, determined by meticulous preoperative planning, is crucial for the outcome of the procedure.     

解剖锁定钢板内固定在胫骨高位截骨治疗膝关节骨关节炎中的疗效分析

［摘要］ 目的 比较解剖锁定钢板内固定和普通钢板内固定在胫骨高位截骨治疗膝关节骨关节炎中的疗效。方法 回顾性地分析深圳市宝安人民医院（集团）2013年1月1日至2018年12月31日期间收治的共34例膝内侧骨关节炎患者相关的临床病例资料。然后根据内固定方法的不同分为解剖锁定钢板内固定组和普通钢板内固定组。比较两组膝内侧骨关节炎患者之间的手术时间、术中出血量、骨折愈合时间,术后3个月、半年及1年膝关节功能的Lysholm评分,以及术后并发症的发生情况。结果 经过统计分析发现,解剖锁定钢板内固定组与普通钢板内固定组比较,术中出血量的差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）、骨折愈合时间较短（P=0.000）、手术时间长于普通钢板内固定组（P=0.002）。与普通钢板内固定组比较,解剖锁定钢板内固定组术后3个月、术后半年、术后1年膝关节功能的Lysholm评分较高（P<0.05）。解剖锁定钢板内固定组术后并发症发生比例为5.0%;普通钢板内固定组术后并发症发生比例为35.7%,差异有统计学意义（P=0.021）。结论 解剖锁定钢板内固定在胫骨高位截骨治疗膝关节骨关节炎中可获得满意的疗效,骨折愈合时间短,并发症较少。