肾动脉平面下腹主动脉瘤的外科治疗

目的：探讨肾动脉平面下腹主动脉瘤的外科治疗经验。方法：传统开放手术治疗27例中择期手术19例,动脉瘤破裂行急症手术8例;腔内手术治疗4例。结果：围手术期并发心力衰竭3例,呼吸衰竭8例,急性心肌梗死1例,急性肾功能衰竭4例,术后严重出血1例,死亡5例,余均治愈。结论：外科手术是治疗肾动脉平面下腹主动脉瘤的有效手段,而腔内治疗以其安全、微创、对人体内环境干扰小等优点将成为未来发展的趋势。     

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair with Arterial Branch Reconstruction: Utility of the Temporary Bypass Technique

(Received for publication on Sept. 17, 1996; accepted on May 12, 1997)     

Total Laparoscopic Aortic Aneurysm Surgery

This paper describes our technique and results with total laparoscopic aortic aneurysm repair. Material and Methods: A transperitoneal left retrorenal access was used in all cases. Special laparoscopic clamps often in combination with balloon catheters were used to occlude the aorta and the renal arteries. Exactly the same techniques like in open surgery were used. Either a tube graft or a bifurcated graft, anastomosed with the iliac arteries or the femoral arteries, was implanted to exclude the aneurysm.

Laparoscopic surgery is becoming a third way to perform aortic aneurysm repair. In contrast to EVAR it can offer to aneurysm patients the same definitive outcome which we obtain in open surgery.     

Infrarenal Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Complicated by Persistent Endotension After Endovascular Repair: Report of a Case

Endoleak and endotension may prevent the successful exclusion of an aneurysm after endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR). The pressurization in the excluded aneurysm sac caused by endotension may lead to rupture of the aneurysm; however, the cause of endotension and its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We report a case of infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) complicated by persistent endotension after EVAR. Although no endoleaks were found on conventional double-phase computed tomographic scans, a thrombosed endoleak existed in the side branch and attachment site of the endograft. After treating the undetectable thrombosed endoleaks, physical examination revealed that the pressure of the excluded aneurysm had diminished, with shrinkage of the aneurysm. This case report suggests that a high-pressure undetectable type I or type II endoleak could be a major cause of endotension. Thus, postoperative evaluation of the attachment site of an endograft is important after EVAR.     

A Shorter Skin Incision Technique for the Repair of Infrarenal Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms

Purpose We evaluated the effectiveness of a shorter skin incision technique for the treatment of infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether or not the difference in the length of the skin incision contributed to an early recovery after the operation. Methods Between October 2001 and December 2004, we performed 105 elective repairs for AAA. The patients were divided into three groups according to the length of the skin incision as follows: group A, less than 15 cm, group B, from 15 cm to less than 20 cm, and group C, 20 cm or more. Results There was no significant difference in the intraoperative course among the three groups. The duration of paralytic ileus was shorter in group A than in group C (2.0 ± 0.9 days versus 3.2 ± 2.3 days; P = 0.0428). Although the periods before removal of nasogastric suction and before starting a solid diet were slightly shorter in group A than in groups B and C, there were no statistically significant differences. Conclusion We define minimally invasive vascular surgery as surgery performed with a small abdominal skin incision that does not expose the intestine to air while providing a good operative field that does not place any undue stress on the surgeon.     

腔内修复术治疗破裂型腹主动脉瘤的效果评价

目的分析破裂型腹主动脉瘤(ruptured abdominal aneurysm,r AAA)行腔内修复术(endovascular aortic aneurysm repair,EVAR)与开放手术早期结果,评价EVAR治疗的效果。方法回顾性收集我院2004年1月~2014年1月收治的48例r AAA患者临床资料,根据其手术与否、手术方式的不同分为术前死亡组(n=20)、EVAR组(n=14)和开放手术组(n=14),三组性别、年龄等一般资料比较无统计学差异(P0.05),EVAR组和开放手术组在瘤体直径、收缩压、舒张压方面比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结果 EVAR组入院至检查时间为(1.2±0.8)h,与开放手术组(7.5±7.1)h比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.006);EVAR组检查至手术时间为(1.8±1.3)h,与开放手术组(16.8±17.7)h比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.007)。死亡组入院至死亡时间与EVAR组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.009)。EVAR组手术时间为(2.3±0.7)h,与开放手术组(5.6±2.0)h比较差异有统计学意义(P0.001);EVAR组的术中出血量为(142.9±279.3)ml,与开放手术组的(3 528.6±3 252.3)ml间差异有统计学意义(P0.001);EVAR组的输血量为(985.7±2 148.7)ml,与开放手术组的(3 100.0±2 285.1)ml间差异有统计学意义(P=0.018);EVAR组的住院时间为(7.1±2.7)d,与开放手术组的(13.7±4.9)d间差异有统计学意义(P0.001);EVAR组的总费用为(20.9±5.8)万元,与开放手术组的(10.1±11.5)万元间差异有统计学意义(P=0.005)。两组并发症率比较,差异无统计学意义(P=0.430)。结论缩短院内抢救准备时间,是r AAA成功救治的要点。EVAR应作为r AAA的一线治疗方案。     

178例肾动脉水平以下腹主动脉瘤手术治疗经验

自1960年1月到1994年12月间我院施行肾动脉水平以下腹主动脉瘤切除人造血管移植术178例.其中男147例,女31例,年龄15～82岁,平均65.5岁,合并高血压者118例(66%),冠心病40例(23.0%)、糖尿病17例(9.5%).B型超声和CT有助于腹主动脉瘤的诊断.若B超与CT不能确定动脉瘤上界与肾动脉间的距离,主动脉造影或数字减影血管造影术(digital substractionangiograpby,DSA)极有帮助.手术操作术的改进使腹主动脉瘤修补术变得更为迅速、安全和方便.     

Three-Dimensional CT Evaluation for Endovascular Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair. Quantitative Assessment of the Infrarenal Aortic Neck

Endovascular grafting of abdominal aortic aneurysms should be offered only to those patients with suitable anatomy. This is especially true at the level of the proximal aortic neck in order to secure long-term proximal fixation. Aortoiliac anatomy is easy to understand conceptually, however, it is difficult to define and measure quantitatively. In this article, we discuss the use of three dimensional computed tomographic angiography to determine aneurysm morphology and select patients for endovascular repair. Specifically, we apply our methods to define and measure angulation of the aorta and iliac arteries. The anatomic definition of the angulation of the proximal aortic neck is emphasized.     

Nonanastomotic Aneurysm Formation in a Dacron Arterial Graft: report of a Case

Dacron prostheses are the most widely used grafts in replacement procedures for abdominal aortic aneurysms, having been proven as the most reliable substitute for arterial replacement. However, we present herein the rare case of an 82-year-old woman in whom nonanastomotic aneurysm formation occurred in the graft as a complication associated with a Dacron prosthesis. The patient presented with a pulsatile mass in the right inguinal region. She had undergone surgery 13 years earlier for an abdominal aortic aneurysm, at which time an aortobifemoral graft reconstruction had been performed with a double-velour knitted Dacron prosthesis. The pulsatile mass was found to be a nonanastomotic aneurysm of the right limb of the bifurcated graft with an intact distal anastomosis. In this case, the development of the graft aneurysm seemed to result from deterioration of the Dacron prosthesis itself due to mechanical fatigue caused by the inguinal band.     

Successful Surgical Treatment of a Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Without Homologous Blood Transfusion in a Jehovah's Witness: Report of a Case

We report herein the case of a 47-year-old woman of the Jehovah's Witness faith in whom Y-grafting for a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm was successfully performed without a homologous blood transfusion. We used a Cell Saver (Haemonetics, Braintree, MA, USA) red cell salvaging device and an aortic occlusion balloon catheter, and performed gentle and minimal dissection during the operation. Postoperatively, the patient was kept heavily sedated and required hypothermic therapy for only 14 h. We treated her severe anemia using conventional drugs, including iron and folic acid, and her hemoglobin increased smoothly. Although her hemoglobin level decreased to 2.8 g/dl during the operation, her postoperative course was uneventful. Received: November 24, 2000 / Accepted: May 15, 2001     

Postoperative Renal Function After an Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair Requiring a Suprarenal Aortic Cross-Clamp

(Received for publication on Sept. 28, 1998; accepted on July 13, 1999)     

腹主动脉瘤的外科治疗：病例报告及文献复习

对腹主动脉瘤多主张积极手术治疗。本文报告一例腹主动脉瘤合并严重髂股动脉粥样硬化，用人造血管移置替换动脉瘤及严重动脉粥样化段血管，共５处吻合获得成功，患者存活已１年。作者认为目前血管造影、ＭＲＩ等检测技术在明确血管病损的确切范围上尚有困难；术中最大限度去除内膜病变血管是保证手术成功的关键；用体外循环泵回收肝素化的术野出血为一可行方法。     

Effects of Suprarenal Aortic Cross-Clamping and Adjunctive Renal Reconstruction on Outcomes of Open Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair

Purpose: To analyze our contemporary experience in open abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair. We focused on the effects of suprarenal (SR) aortic cross-clamping and adjunctive renal reconstruction (RR) on postoperative outcomes.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed our institutional data of 141 consecutive patients who received elective open AAA repair between January 2014 and December 2020.Results: Seventy-five procedures were performed with SR aortic cross-clamping, 20 of which required an adjunctive RR. Patients in the SR group had a higher incidence of postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) (18.7% vs. 7.6%, P = 0.045). There were no significant between-group differences in other major complications. The 30-day mortality rate in the infrarenal (IR) and SR groups was 0% and 1.3%, respectively. After a median follow-up of 33 months, the rates of chronic renal decline in the IR (18.2%) and SR (21.3%) groups were similar. All reconstructed renal arteries were patent without reintervention. The 5-year overall survival rate in the IR and SR groups was 88.8% and 83.2%, respectively.Conclusions: SR aortic cross-clamping was associated with postoperative AKI but neither SR aortic cross-clamping nor RR affected the long-term renal function or mortality. Open repair remains an essential option for patients with AAA, especially those with complex anatomy.     

腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术后的并发症

腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术最早于1991年被报道,目前已经发展成为一项成熟可行的技术,但在术后并发症发病率及手术死亡率方面仍存在着相当高的风险。如果腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术欲在未来完全取代传统手术,降低围手术期死亡率并提高长期疗效势在必行。以下将围绕腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术并发症的产生机制、发病率及其带来的问题进行讨论。     

复杂瘤颈的近肾腹主动脉瘤腔内修复中烟囱技术的应用

目的探讨瘤颈解剖复杂的近肾腹主动脉瘤(juxtarenal aortic aneurysms,JAA)腔内修复(endovascular aneurysmrepair,EVAR)中应用烟囱技术的价值。方法 2007年1月～2011年10月,对7例瘤颈复杂的JAA采用EVAR治疗。由于瘤颈解剖结构不适于标准的腔内修复方案,术中自肱动脉穿刺预先于可能被覆膜支架主体覆盖的肾动脉置入导丝,置入修复腹主动脉瘤的覆膜支架主体后造影明确肾动脉覆盖情况,于相应肾动脉置入自膨支架或球囊扩张支架,以延长瘤颈长度使之符合EVAR要求,并有效保护肾动脉(即烟囱技术),然后再完成标准EVAR操作。结果 7例手术全部获成功。7例使用9枚肾动脉支架,其中5枚球扩支架,4枚自膨支架。腔内治疗最后的造影显示:腹主动脉瘤(abdominal aortic aneurysm,AAA)瘤腔隔绝良好,肾动脉血流良好。术中1例近端Ⅰ型内漏,近端增加Cuff后内漏消失;1例造影显示少量的Ⅱ型内漏,无须处理。7例随访1～52个月,平均11.6月:1例术后2个月因心功能衰竭死亡;1例Ⅱ型内漏术后3个月随访内漏消失;肾动脉烟囱支架均保持通畅。结论对于不适宜行开腹手术治疗的瘤颈解剖不佳的JAA,烟囱技术是传统EVAR技术的有效补充,远期效果及肾动脉支架长期通畅性尚需要进一步观察。     

25例腹主动脉瘤的外科治疗

为了提高腹主动脉瘤外科手术的成功率及减少术后并发症的发生率，总结报道了２５例腹主动脉瘤的治疗经验。所有病人术前ＤＳＡ、ＭＲＩ等检查明确诊断，根据瘤体的情况行瘤体切除、人工血管或同种异体血管移植手术。结果本组病人手术死亡率１６％，无一例出现因腹主动脉阻断而发生主要脏器缺血性损伤的并发症。作者认为，腹主动脉瘤均应尽早行外科手术治疗。已破裂者或即将破裂的腹主动脉瘤是急诊手术的指征。     

升主动脉瘤伴主动脉瓣关闭不全外科治疗25例

报告２５例升主动脉瘤伴主动脉瓣关闭不全的手术经验。方法１１例伴有主动脉夹层分离，其中ＤｅＢａｋｅｙⅠ型６例、Ⅱ型５例。施行Ｂｅｎｔａｌ手术１９例，分别置换主动脉瓣及升主动脉１例，升主动脉置换加主动脉瓣悬吊５例。结果因止血困难采用Ｃａｂｒｏｌ分流止血２例；术后１６小时延迟大出血１例；无早期死亡病例。远期因心内膜炎死亡２例；术后３０月发生胸降主动脉瘤１例；无假性动脉瘤发生。结论应根据升主动脉瘤的病变类型及范围采用不同的手术方式。准确的吻合技术、保留瘤壁的完整性，使升主动脉瘤的手术治疗更为安全。心内膜炎是Ｂｅｎｔａｌ手术后最主要的远期并发症，须引起高度重视     

破裂腹主动脉瘤的外科治疗体会(附20例报道)

目的探讨破裂腹主动脉瘤的诊断和外科治疗方法。方法回顾性分析2000年1月至2010年12月期间新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院收治的20例破裂腹主动脉瘤患者的临床资料。结果男18例,女2例;年龄31～82岁,平均65.4岁。所有患者中突发性腹或腰背部疼痛20例,血压下降和(或)休克11例,发病前有明确腹主动脉瘤病史7例。所有患者均经彩超、CTA或手术探查确诊。19例患者采用传统开腹手术,1例行腔内支架人工血管置入术。20例患者中围手术期死亡4例,死亡率为20%,死亡原因为循环衰竭1例,多器官功能障碍综合征3例。存活的16例患者恢复顺利。结论手术治疗破裂腹主动脉瘤有效,早期诊断,急诊外科手术,是降低病死率的关键。