成人跟距联合术后功能的影响因素分析

背景：成人跟距联合手术治疗方案临床报道较少,术后的功能评估尚不明确。目的：探讨影响成人跟距联合术后功能的相关因素,从而决定更好的手术方案。方法：回顾性研究2011年1月至2013年7月我院收治且获得完整随访资料的24例行跟距联合术的患者资料,男13例,女11例;年龄19~53岁,平均31.5岁。根据术前症状及影像学检查决定手术方案。记录患者年龄、跟距联合分型、跗骨联合的大小、有无距下骨关节炎、后足的外翻角度。应用美国足踝医师协会踝-后足评分表（AOFAS-AH）和踝关节Karlsson-Peterson评分对患者术后的踝关节功能进行评估,并对上述因素进行相关性分析。结果：24例患者获得平均19.5个月的随访（4~33个月）。单纯联合切除术19例,其中4例进行三角韧带修补,1例行外侧韧带重建,1例行跟骨截骨内移术。距下关节融合术5例,其中3例患者仍有疼痛症状。术后的AOFAS评分和Karlsson-Peterson评分均明显改善。经Logistic回归分析,距下关节骨关节炎是术后踝关节功能的影响因素,而跟距联合分型、跗骨联合的大小和后足的外翻角度无明显相关性。结论：距下关节骨关节炎影响跟距联合患者术后的踝关节功能评分,即使行距下关节融合术,在一定程度上也影响患者术后踝关节功能。     

疼痛性跟距联合的治疗

目的 :探讨疼痛性跟距联合手术治疗适应证及术式。方法 :根据术前跟距轴位CT扫描所测量的跟距联合与跟距后关节二者横向切面之比率及跟骨外翻角度来决定采取跟距骨桥局部切除或三关节融合术。共治疗 12例 16足 ,其中男 8例 ,女 4例。平均随访时间 18个月。结果 :术后根据患者症状消失程度分为优良、可、差。单纯行跟距联合切除者 9例 12足 ,其中优 6例 ,可 3例 ;三关节融合者 3例 4足 ,均为优良。结论 :经保守治疗无效者可行手术治疗 ,跟距联合与跟距后关节二者横向切面之比率 <5 0 % ,跟骨外翻角 <2 1°时可行跟距骨桥局部切除术 ,反之则应行三关节融合术。     

关节镜下改良后踝入路切除治疗成人疼痛性跟距骨桥

目的探讨采用关节镜下改良后踝入路切除治疗成人疼痛性跟距骨桥的疗效。方法 2015年1月-2017年12月,采用后踝高位外侧观察入路结合低位内侧操作入路切除治疗9例成人疼痛性跟距骨桥。男6例,女3例;年龄19~30岁,平均24岁。2例无明确局部外伤,7例有足踝部扭伤病史。病程6~30个月,中位病程12个月。跟距骨桥Rozansky分型:Ⅰ型5例(5足),Ⅱ型2例(2足),Ⅲ型2例(2足)。患者既往无肢体功能障碍后遗症、无肢体关节手术史。术后随访复查踝关节正侧位X线片、踝关节CT。比较手术前后疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)及美国矫形足踝协会(AOFAS)踝-后足评分。结果患者手术时间60~90 min,平均76 min。术后患者均获随访,随访时间12~24个月,平均18个月。术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合,无感染、皮肤坏死、下肢深静脉血栓形成、血管神经及肌腱损伤、骨桥复发等并发症发生。术后踝关节功能恢复良好,疼痛明显缓解;患者于术后3~5个月,平均3.9个月重返工作岗位。末次随访时VAS评分为(0.7±0.5)分,与术前(4.2±0.5)分比较差异有统计学意义(t=20.239,P=0.000);AOFAS踝-后足评分为(94±4)分,与术前(62±2)分比较差异有统计学意义(t=–27.424,P=0.000),末次随访时获优7例,良2例。结论后踝高位外侧观察入路结合低位内侧操作入路显露跟距骨桥更直观,操作空间更大,操作过程更灵活,术中根据特定解剖标志程序化切除跟距骨桥,操作具有可行性。     

手术治疗跟距骨桥疗效观察

目的探讨跟距骨桥的手术治疗方法及疗效。方法 2008年7月-2010年10月,手术治疗跟距骨桥患者10例。男4例,女6例;年龄16～70岁,平均53.5岁。先天性骨桥2例,继发性骨桥8例。跟距中间关节面骨桥3例,后关节面骨桥7例。术前患者疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)为(9.0±0.4)分;根据美国矫形足踝协会(AOFAS)后足评分标准为(42.4±1.4)分。合并距下关节退变2例。8例单纯跟距骨桥患者行骨桥切除并脂肪组织植入,2例合并距下关节退变患者行骨桥切除联合距下关节融合术。结果术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合。8例获随访,随访时间12～36个月,平均18个月。末次随访时VAS评分为(2.0±0.7)分,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(t=6.425,P=0.000)。AOFAS后足评分为(86.9±2.3)分,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(t=7.634,P=0.000)。单纯骨桥切除者末次随访时X线片检查示无骨桥复发及关节退变发生,关节融合者X线片示达骨性融合。结论跟距骨桥根据不同发生部位和合并症,分别采用单纯骨桥切除或联合距下关节融合术可取得较好疗效。     

跗骨间骨桥临床诊断与治疗研究进展

目的总结跗骨间骨桥临床诊断与治疗研究进展。方法查阅近年关于跗骨间骨桥的诊断及治疗相关文献,进行综述分析。结果跗骨间骨桥是足部跗骨间桥接组织,常见类型为跟距骨桥和跟舟骨桥。跟舟骨桥在后足斜位X线片即可确诊,多数跟距骨桥需CT扫描确诊,MRI可用于软骨性和纤维组织性骨桥的诊断。石膏固定对于有症状患者是首选治疗方法;对于治疗失败未发生退行性变患者,切除骨桥可取得良好治疗效果。单纯距下关节融合可用于治疗跟距骨桥切除失败的患者,对于距下关节融合失败和跟舟骨桥切除失败的患者可行三关节融合术。微创治疗应严格掌控手术适应证。结论跗骨间骨桥诊断方法较为明确,应将临床表现和影像学检查结合以提高诊出率。手术治疗指征尚存在争议,仍需基于随机对照试验的长期随访报道。     

The results of Grice Green subtalar arthrodesis of valgus foot in spina bifida

Background:

Valgus foot is a common foot deformity in spina bifida. The most popular operation for the valgus deformity has been the Grice talocalcaneal blocking. It has not been studied primarily in children with spina bifida. We report a prospective series, we present the results of hind foot valgus deformity of children with spina bifida, using Grice talocalcaneal arthrodesis with a tricortical iliac bone graft.

Materials and Methods:

Between May 2000 and December 2003, 21 patients with bilateral (42 feet) valgus deformity of feet underwent surgery. There were 7 males and 14 females. The mean age of patients was 67.7 months (range 50–108 months).

Results:

The total number of feet that had nonunion was 11, in 7 of them the grafts were completely reabsorbed and the outcome of all these feet was unsatisfactory. Four feet had partial union of which three had unsatisfactory and one had satisfactory outcome. Sixteen feet had residual valgus deformity at the last followup visit, 10 patients had nonunion, and 6 had inadequate correction. Mean preoperative talocalcaneal and calcaneal pitch angles were 48.5° and 31.9°, respectively, which decreased to 38.5° and 29.1°, respectively, postoperatively. The decrease in talocalcaneal angle and calcaneal pitch was significant between preoperative and postoperative measurements (P<0.05).

Conclusion:

Grice subtalar arthrodesis technique is still a valuable option for valgus foot in patients with spina bifida. In this study, we found more encouraging results in older patients.     

关节外距下关节固定术治疗痉挛性双瘫扁平足临床疗效分析

目的：介绍应用关节外距下关节固定术治疗痉挛性双肢瘫患儿扁平外翻足畸形的手术指征和方法,对临床疗效及结果作出评价,并讨论其矫正机制和矫形效果。方法2011年4月至2013年6月我科采用关节外距下关节固定术技术治疗痉挛性双肢瘫患儿28例（46足）,并根据畸形的程度给予相应的软组织重建手术。术后根据美国足踝外科协会（American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, AOFAS）踝-后足功能评分,从疼痛、功能、对线三方面评价患儿临床效果,同时观察患儿足外翻的影像学指数的改变,比较前后位片距骨-第一跖骨角和距跟角,正侧位距骨-第一跖骨角（Meary角）、跟骨倾斜角和跟骨-第一跖骨角（Hibbs’角）的变化。结果所有患儿术后平均随访2年8个月,所有患儿骨性愈合并且畸形没有复发。采用AOFAS踝-后足功能评分标准评价临床结果,平均得分88分,28足优,18足良。影像学评价测定术前及术后随访时足负重前后位的距跟角、正侧位Meary角及Hibbs’角比较,差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。结论关节外距下关节固定术治疗痉挛性双肢瘫患儿扁平外翻足畸形疗效确切,后足外翻术后的指数和距下关节稳定性得到明显改善。目前本研究仅为中短期的观察,还需要长期的随访观察。     

Foot function after subtalar distraction bone-block arthrodesis. A prospective study

Subtalar distraction bone-block arthrodesis for malunited calcaneal fractures was performed in 31 patients (26 men, five women), with a mean age of 38.5 years. The mean time from injury to arthrodesis was 36 months. There were no cases of nonunion. One patient had an early dislocation of the bone block requiring a repeat arthrodesis, and one had a soft-tissue infection. The mean AOFAS hindfoot score improved significantly from 23.5 before operation to 73.2 at a mean follow-up of 33 months (p > 0.001). Compared with the unaffected side, the talocalcaneal height was corrected by 61.8%, the talus-first metatarsal axis by 46.5%, the talar declination angle by 38.5% and the talocalcaneal angle by 35.4%. Dynamic pedobarography revealed a return to normal of the pressure distribution during roll-over and a more energetic gait. The distribution of local transfer of load correlated well with the AOFAS score. The amount of correction of the heel height correlated with a normal pattern of pressure transfer on the heel (p < 0.05).     

足副舟骨疼痛综合征继发ⅡA期胫后肌肌腱功能不全的手术治疗

[目的]探讨足副舟骨疼痛综合征继发ⅡA期胫后肌肌腱功能不全的手术治疗.[方法] 2005年10月～2010年2月,对16例足副舟骨疼痛综合征继发ⅡA期胫后肌肌腱功能不全的患者施行副舟骨切除+趾((躅))长屈肌腱转移术.男5例,女11例;年龄15 ～27岁,平均23.5岁.右足7例,左足9例.Ⅰ型副舟骨4例,Ⅱ型副舟骨9例,Ⅲ型副舟骨3例,发病至手术时间为6～24个月,平均8.5个月.所有患者均根据美国足踝外科协会(american orthopodics foot and ankle society,AOFAS)的足与踝关节评分法进行术前、术后相关评估.[结果]术后16例获随访12 ～66个月,平均28.6个月.手术前后负重位X线片测量相关特异性指标,手术前后比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).其中侧位距跟角平均减少9.6°,前后位距跟角平均减少8.8°,侧位第1跖距角平均减少11.9°,跟骨倾斜角平均增加7.4°,距舟覆盖角平均减少5.4°.AOFAS(ankle - hindfoot scale)评分:总评术前为(48.26±2.08)分,术后为(84.56±1.86)分.其中疼痛指数:术前为12.57 ±2.06,术后为37.50±2.48;足踝关节功能指数:术前为23.32±2.81,术后为38.60±1.69;踝-后足对线指数:术前为4.60±0.6,术后为7.40±1.06.手术前后比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).特别是在缓解足和踝部疲劳感、疼痛及正常穿鞋方面改善明显.[结论]足副舟骨疼痛综合征继发ⅡA期胫后肌肌腱功能不全的患者施行副舟骨切除+趾((躅))长屈肌腱转移术,短期效果良好,但远期疗效有待于临床进一步观察.     

Computed tomography in suspected tarsal coalition. Examination of 26 cases

Coronal plane computed tomography (CT) was performed in 26 consecutive patients with clinical suspicion of tarsal coalition. Twenty patients had plain CT and 6 had CT talocalcaneonavicular arthrography. Fifteen patients were found to have coalition. Of these 15 patients, 12 had talocalcaneal coalition (9 bilateral, 3 unilateral), 2 patients had combined talocalcaneal and calcaneonavicular coalitions, and the remaining patient had bilateral calcaneonavicular coalitions. Surgical findings corroborated the CT diagnosis in 9 patients with talocalcaneal coalition and in 2 patients with calcaneonavicular coalition. Ossified talocalcaneal coalitions were found in children aged 6 and 10 years, i.e., well below the conventionally stated age range of 12 to 16 years. CT is the investigation of choice in suspected tarsal coalition if plain radiography is not diagnostic. CT arthrography did not generally provide further information, but may be useful if plain CT is equivocal.     

Computed tomography in suspected tarsal coalition: Examination of 26 cases

Coronal plane computed tomography (CT) was performed in 26 consecutive patients with clinical suspicion of tarsal coalition. Twenty patients had plain CT and 6 had CT talocalcaneonavicular arthrography. Fifteen patients were found to have coalition. Of these 15 patients, 12 had talocalcaneal coalition (9 bilateral, 3 unilateral), 2 patients had combined talocalcaneal and calcaneonavicular coalitions, and the remaining patient had bilateral calcaneonavicular coalitions. Surgical findings corroborated the CT diagnosis in 9 patients with talocalcaneal coalition and in 2 patients with calcaneonavicular coalition.

Ossified talocalcaneal coalitions were found in children aged 6 and 10 years, i.e., well below the conventionally stated age range of 12 to 16 years.

CT is the investigation of choice in suspected tarsal coalition if plain radiography is not diagnostic. CT arthrography did not generally provide further information, but may be useful if plain CT is equivocal.     

手术治疗跟距骨桥临床疗效观察

目的探讨单纯性骨桥切除术治疗跟距骨桥的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2008年7月~2013年8月我院收治的15例跟距骨桥患者的临床资料,均行单纯性骨桥切除术。手术前后分别采用视觉模拟评分法(VAS)进行疼痛评分,美国矫形足踝协会(AOFAS)后足评分标准评价踝关节功能。结果本组15例患者均获得随访,平均时间12.3(4~24)个月。术后所有患者切口均Ⅰ期愈合,无伤口或关节感染、血管神经损伤、跟距坏死等早期并发症发生。末次随访时VAS评分平均(1.7±1.2)分,明显低于术前的(8.7±0.3)分(P0.01);末次随访AOFAS后足评分平均(90.1±4.3)分,显著高于术前的(40.2±2.1)分(P0.001)。末次随访时X线检查示无骨桥复发及关节退变发生,未见关节间隙狭窄,患者进行负重行走时无明显不适。末次随访时对患者进行满意度调查:非常满意8例,满意5例,一般2例,满意率为86.7%。结论单纯性骨桥切除术是一种治疗跟距骨桥的有效方法。     

距跟关节的内稳定结构和不稳矫正

目的 研究距跟关节的内稳定结构和不稳定的矫正办法。方法 观察７只尸体足和４０融距跟骨的距跟关节（距下关节）。结果 发现维护距跟关节的内在稳定机制在三：（１）距跟关节的鞍状镶嵌作用;（２）短粗有效的距跟骨间韧带;（３）有限的活动度。对距跟骨间韧带的位置、形态和三束韧带纤维等特点进行运动学观察。结论 发育障碍和病损、破坏距跟关节的稳定机制是造成该关节不稳定的主要原因。     

The Oxford club-foot programme.

We treated 63 club feet in 44 patients by a defined programme of strapping from birth followed by one of two operations performed at six weeks, either a simple calcaneal tendon lengthening or a subtalar realignment, and reviewed them prospectively. The decision as to which operation to perform was taken at four weeks after radiographic measurement of the talocalcaneal angle. All but eight patients (ten feet) were followed for a mean of 8.7 years. The overall results after calcaneal tendon lengthening were satisfactory. The re-operation rate after subtalar realignment was high (39%) due to over or undercorrection of the deformity.     

Management of foot deformity in children

This study describes the management of foot deformity in children. Severe congenital clubfeet treated using posteromedial release without talocalcaneal joint release were flexible and functional. Talectomy may be necessary for congenital clubfeet with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita. The diagnosis and severity of vertical talus were defined based on stress radiographs. For the deformity with spina bifida, a combination of talocalcaneal joint fusion and precise correction by soft tissue release and tendon transfer was performed. This combined surgery is effective, particularly in patients with equino-varus feet.     

Measurements on radiographs of the foot in normal infants and children

Radiographs were made of the feet of seventy-four normal infants and children who ranged in age from six to 127 months, and various angles were measured. Means and deviations of the measurements were calculated for eleven clinically useful angles. On the anteroposterior radiographs the talocalcaneal, talus-first metatarsal, and calcaneus-fifth metatarsal angles were recorded, and on the lateral radiograph the talocalcaneal, tibiocalcaneal, tibiotalar, talus-first metatarsal, and talohorizontal angles were documented. On lateral radiographs that were made with the foot in maximum dorsiflexion, the talocalcaneal and tibiocalcaneal angles were documented and the talocalcaneal index was recorded. The mean values and the ranges of normal values changed with age. These data provide a standard for assessment of initial and residual deformity in patients who have club foot, vertical talus, metatarsus adductus, or other deformities.     

无头加压螺钉联合PHILOS钢板固定在胫距跟关节融合中的应用

目的探讨应用无头加压螺钉联合PHILOS钢板行胫距跟关节融合术治疗胫距、距下关节严重病变的临床疗效。方法笔者自2011-02—2014-02采用经外踝截骨入路、无头加压螺钉联合PHILOS钢板行胫距跟关节融合术治疗13例胫距、距下关节病变患者。所有患者均有足踝部疼痛,功能受限。术后功能评价采用美国骨科足踝协会(AOFAS)踝和后足评分系统。结果 1例失访,12例获得随访12~24个月,平均16.7个月。切口均一期愈合,术后平均11.3(8~16)周达骨性愈合。末次随访患者关节疼痛完全缓解,无内固定失败及融合失败等并发症发生,末次随访所有患者踝关节疼痛均得到明显缓解,无行走痛,步态基本正常。术前AOFAS评分为(48.75±6.8)分,末次随访AOFAS评分为(83.5±8.4)分,术后AOFAS评分优于术前,差异有统计学意义(t=18.790,P0.001)。2例出现足背外侧皮肤感觉减退,末次随访未恢复。结论经外踝截骨无头加压螺钉联合PHILOS钢板行胫距跟关节融合术,固定强度可靠,融合率高,是临床治疗踝关节和距下关节严重关节疾病的一种有效方法。     

克氏针内固定并人工骨填塞治疗跟骨骨折

目的:探讨克氏针内固定结合人工骨(ACPC)填塞治疗跟骨关节内骨折的治疗方法和效果,为临床适应证的选择提供依据。方法:85例(95侧)跟骨关节内骨折,男62例,女23例;年龄19～52岁,平均35.5岁。采取经跟距关节外侧弧形切口(Kocher切口),直视下撬拨复位,恢复跟距关节面平整及跟骨外形,行克氏针内固定,跟骨体内空隙以人工骨(ACPC)充分填塞。术后踝关节90°位石膏托固定。结果:85例平均随访1.5年(6个月～2年),按Kerr足部评分系统评估术后功能,术后平均评分(89.68±10.22)分。其中优70侧,良16侧,可9侧,优良率90.5%(86/95)。结论:跟骨关节内骨折可尽量采用有限内固定治疗,克氏针内固定结合人工骨(ACPC)填塞治疗跟骨关节内骨折,具有创伤小、操作简单、费用低、并发症少等优点,严格掌握适应证,能取得满意的疗效。     

Treatment of symptomatic talocalcaneal coalition

The cases of fourteen patients who had twenty-three symptomatic talocalcaneal coalitions were reviewed at a mean of 3.9 years (range, 2.2 to 9.5 years) after treatment. Five feet in three patients became completely asymptomatic after immobilization in a cast, and four feet underwent triple arthrodesis. Fourteen feet had resection of the coalition when the symptoms were not relieved by immobilization in a cast. The indications for resection of a talocalcaneal coalition include failure of non-operative treatment, a coalition that is less than one-half of the surface area of the talocalcaneal joint, and the absence of degenerative arthritic changes in the talonavicular joint. Good results were noted in thirteen feet and satisfactory results, in ten, for all forms of treatment.     

Early surgical treatment for congenital vertical talus

Congenital vertical talus is characterised by a dislocated talonavicular joint in association with an equinus position of the calcaneus. We report the results in 13 operated feet in 10 children, 3 of whom (5 feet) presented with a primary neurological disorder and 2 of whom (3 feet) suffered from arthrogryposis multiplex congenita. The other children were normal. All patients were surgically treated by a one-stage procedure which included reduction of the talonavicular joint and correction of the hindfoot equinus, trying to avoid tendon lengthenings and transfers. The age at operation was between the 3rd and the 6th month of life, with one child being operated on later due to other reasons. The patients were reviewed after an average time of 3.5 ± 2.2 years. The clinical results were good or excellent in ten feet. Two feet showed partial or complete recurrence and one foot was slightly over-corrected. Radiographic angle measurements (talo-metatarsal I angle and talocalcaneal angle on the anteroposterior radiograph; talocalcaneal, tibiotalar and tibiocalcaneal angles on the lateral radiograph) returned to normal values in the ten good or excellent feet. Early operative treatment for congenital pes vertical talus leads to very satisfactory functional and cosmetic results, usually avoiding extensive procedures including tendon lengthenings and tendon transfers.