当有痛风缠身时……

痛风是一组由嘌呤代谢紊乱所致的疾病。近年来,随着我国人民生活水平的提高及饮食结构的改变,痛风在我国的发病有了明显的增加,尤其好发于40岁以上的中老年人,男性多于女性(可能与饮食有关)。最新研     

高危妊娠与早产胎盘病理缺氧性改变及新生儿结局的研究

目的探讨高危妊娠与胎盘病理缺氧性改变的关系及对早产儿结局的影响。方法回顾性分析2011年6月-2015年6月在南方医院产科分娩并行胎盘病理检查的28~33+6周单胎孕妇共342例,根据孕妇有无高危因素分为高危组和对照组,对两组胎盘病理缺氧性改变及早产儿结局进行分析。结果高危组胎盘病理缺氧性改变明显高于对照组(P0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,妊娠期高血压疾病是胎盘病理缺氧性改变的高危因素(OR=2.527,P0.05);高危组早产儿出生体重明显低于对照组(P0.05),死胎、剖宫产、小于胎龄、胎儿窘迫、严重新生儿发病率及围生期死亡率明显高于对照组(P0.05)。结论高危妊娠孕妇,早产胎盘病理缺氧性改变可能预示子宫胎盘血流灌注不足,并会导致新生儿不良结局。     

老龄大鼠脏器羟脯氨酸含量的变化

衰老时皮肤及骨、关节的改变提示老龄化对结缔组织及细胞外基质有明显影响。测定２４～３０月龄Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠脏器羟脯氨酸含量,发现肾脏羟脯氨酸含量显著增高,肺脏亦有增高趋势,肝脏未见明显变化。证明老龄时内脏的胶原蛋白含量也发生改变,可能反映了脏器的纤维化过程。     

在大鼠放置含有indomethacin的硅橡胶宫内节育器对存留时间的影响

宫内节育器的自然脱落是妇女中断使用的原因之一。易发生在改变子宫肌活动度的月经周期的后期。在大鼠观察,此种器内放置孕激素,其脱落率明显地减少,与前列腺素(PG)水平改变有关的孕激率的抗炎作用,可能是子宫肌肉活动度改变的基础。非甾体的抗炎药如indomethacin是环氧酶(Cyclooxygenase)活性的有效抑制剂,因此抑制PG及thromboxanes的产生,早先在大鼠的研究已显示indomethacin自硅橡胶器释放至宫腔,     

宫内节育器导致月经改变的子宫内膜病理变化分析

目的:了解IUD伴月经改变的子宫内膜变化。方法:选取168例IUD伴月经改变的患者在取环的同时刮取子宫内膜病理检查,分析IUD伴月经改变的子宫内膜变化类型及放置IUD后月经改变开始时间和持续时间与子宫内膜变化的关系。结果:放置IUD后月经改变者子宫内膜50%发生变化。放置IUD后半年内开始月经改变的子宫内膜变化以子宫内膜炎为主,月经改变持续半年以上者子宫内膜病变的发生率明显增加,增生期与分泌期并存的子宫内膜与放置IUD后月经改变开始时间和持续时间无明显关系。结论:IUD伴月经改变者子宫内膜变化呈多样性,可能与内分泌改变有关,随着月经改变持续时间的延长子宫内膜病变有增加趋势,建议对IUD伴月经改变者要注意子宫内膜的病理检查。     

单纯性肥胖儿童的球结膜微循环观察

我们采用哥德曼200型裂隙灯显微镜,放大倍数为25.6倍,对10名正常儿童和30名肥胖儿童(Ⅰ°、Ⅱ°及Ⅲ°各10名)的球结膜进行了观察。发现球结膜微循环7项改变的出现率随肥胖度的加重而明显增加,在并有高血压及血压偏高的16例中15例均有明显球结膜微循环改变。本文认为此微循环障碍可能与导致全身动脉压升高有关。     

输精管阻断术对附睾水平的影响

输精管阻断术后发生附睾管扩张,附睾上皮吸收与分泌活性增强。附睾间质和管腔表现出明显的炎性反应,支持输精管阻断术后生殖道的改变具有免疫学基础。附睾上皮转运机制、血-附睾屏障通透性及附睾管液流速度改变可能影响精子成熟期间赖以生存的微环境。输精管吻合术可阻止附睾病变的发展,但似不能改善或逆转。这可能部分解释输精管吻合术后精子运动力和活力的低下。附睾形态和生物学其它方面不能恢复正常可能在吻合术后持续不育中起有作用。     

精神病患者的早期症状

众所周知,精神病给患者及家属所带来的痛苦是难以言状的,所以早期发现、早期治疗就显得特别重要。对于那些起病急。精神症状又很突出的病人,家属和周围的人都能觉察到;但对于那些逐渐起病、精神症状不很突出或者暴露不明显的病人,就不易及时察觉,等到症状明显时,病情已经很严重;这时再进行治疗效果就不够理想。因此,明了精神病的早期症状是很重要的。 精神病早期症状常见的有:性格或脾气改变。要注意与原先性格脾气的对比。如果从某一段时间起,无故的发生性格和脾气改变,就应考虑有病的可能。情绪的反常变化。当发现一个人的情绪变化与一贯表现有异而又没有任何原因;或者虽事出有因,但时过境迁后,情绪改变依然存在,应考虑有病的可能。特别多疑。有的人无故的变得多     

微量元素铜,锌,锰与食管癌发病关系的研究

本研究用原子吸收分光光度法测定了食管癌高发区食管上皮细胞正常、轻度增生、重度增生人群及食管癌患者血清中的铜、锌及锰的含量。结果表明,随着食管上皮细胞病变的进展,血铜明显升高、血锌逐渐下降,统计学处理有非常显著差异。血清锰含量在各组间未见明显变化。结果提示食管癌患者的高血铜可能系肿瘤发生后的继发性改变,而低血锌则可能是食管癌发生的原因之一。     

铅致心肌细胞膜通透性改变的研究

运用心肌细胞培养体外模型．探讨了铅致心肌细胞膜通透性的改变及锌对其改变的影响。结果表明：铅可使乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）及谷草转氨酶（ＧＯＴ）的漏出增加，且呈剂量－时间反应关系．铅先损伤质膜，后损伤线粒体膜；铅致酶漏出的剂量与其抑制酶的剂量有交叉；锌对铅所致的ＬＤＨ及ＧＯＴ漏出无明显影响．从而提示，铅致心肌细胞膜通透性改变可能是铅心脏毒性的一个机制，锌对铅所致的心肌细胞膜通透性改变无明显保护作用．     

Present mercury levels in red blood cells of nearby inhabitants about 30 years after the outbreak of Minamata disease

Samples of red blood cells (RBCs) from 1178 inhabitants, consisting of 546 males and 795 females (over 40 years old), of a coastal town near Minamata City were analyzed for total mercury. The mercury concentrations in the RBCs showed lognormal distributions for both sexes with higher values in males than in females. The geometric mean of the mercury concentrations in the RBCs was 27.5 ng/g (ranging from 8.0 to 69.1 ng/g) for males and 20.4 ng/g (ranging from 7.0 to 63.7 ng/g) for females. The mercury concentrations in the RBCs decreased with advancing age. A significant regression between the geometric mean of the mercury concentrations in the RBCs and age was obtained for both sexes. The mercury concentrations in the RBCs from male inhabitants of the coastland area were significantly higher than those from male inhabitants of the inland area. In terms of occupation, the highest mercury concentrations were observed in the RBCs from fisherman. No significant difference in the present mercury concentrations in the RBCs was observed between the cases with Minamata disease and the controls.     

The genoprotective activity of resveratrol on aflatoxin B₁-induced DNA damage in human lymphocytes in vitro

Aflatoxin B? (AFB?) has been consistently shown to be a potent mutagen and carcinogen in humans and animals. On the other hand, resveratrol (RSV), a polyphenol, has several positive biological actions such as protection of cells against DNA damage. In the present study, the antigenotoxic effect of RSV was studied against a genotoxic dose of AFB? using the damage parameters of chromosomal aberrations (CAs) and sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) in cultured human lymphocytes. Whole blood samples from three healthy male donors were used for this experiment and the effects of various concentrations of RSV (0, 10, 15, 25, 40, 75 and 100 μM) and AFB? (10 μM) were tested. The results revealed that the frequencies of SCEs and CAs in lymphocytes were significantly (p < 0.05) increased by AFB? as compared to controls. The results also showed that RSV was not genotoxic. Moreover, the number of SCEs and micronuclei induced by AFB? could be significantly minimized by the presence of RSV. Our results suggest for the first time that RSV can antagonize the ability of AFB? to cause DNA damage that leads to the formation of SCEs and CAs.     

Possible genotoxicity in low level benzene exposure

Structural chromosome aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) in peripheral blood were studied in female workers employed in the shoe-making industry in two periods: 1987 (group I; N = 38) and 1992 (group II; N = 45). Only 11 of the workers were present in both groups and their results are presented both together and separately. Occupational exposure to benzene and toluene was confirmed through their determination in the working area, blood, and phenol in pre- and post-shift urine. The results were compared with those from the control group (N = 35). Benzene in the working atmosphere was significantly higher in 1987 compared to 1992, but was always lower than the current Croatian permissible concentration of 50 mg m^?3 (in the near future this value will be changed to 15 mg m^?3). A statistically significant difference was also found in biological markers of benzene exposure between the two periods of the investigation. Increased absorption in the first period occurred because of intensified production in 1987, and this decreased significantly in 1992 because of the war in Croatia. The cytogenetic study showed a significant increase in dicentric chromosomes in exposed groups I and II when compared to the control group. Statistically significant higher SCE frequencies were found in group I compared to the control group and also compared to group II. Between exposed group II and the controls no statistically significant difference in SCEs was found. Comparing the same 11 workers present in both periods the results showed no difference in chromosome aberrations between the two periods of examination. SCE frequencies were significantly higher in 1987 when greater benzene absorption occurred, confirmed by biomarkers of benzene exposure. The presented results indicate that genotoxicity may occur in workers exposed to low levels of benzene in the shoe industry.     

Mutagenic effects of mercury pollution as revealed by micronucleus test on three Amazonian fish species

Genotoxic effect of mercury pollution over Amazonian fish species was evaluated by using the micronucleus test (MNT). Distinct mean frequencies of micronuclei (MN) were observed in three trophically distinct characin fish species collected in two riverine environments in the Amazon Basin: the Madeira (polluted area) and the Solim?es (unpolluted area) rivers. Mean frequencies of MN observed in Prochilodus nigricans (detritivore), Mylossoma duriventris (omnivore), and Hoplias malabaricus (piscivore) from the Madeira River were significantly higher compared to the frequencies from the same species from the Solim?es River. In addition, mean frequencies of MN from piscivore species were almost fivefold higher than the detritivore and/or omnivore species. We conclude that MNT in fish erythrocytes may be useful for indicating genotoxity of mercury in Amazon rivers.     

Chromosome and sister-chromatid exchange analysis in peripheral lymphocytes,and mutagenicity of urine in anesthesiology personnel

Summary Genotoxic effects of occupational exposure to anesthetic gases (halothane and nitrous oxide) were studied in 24 persons working at departments of anesthesiology and resuscitation (14 anesthesiologists and 10 anesthesiologic nurses). Frequencies of chromosomal aberrations were determined in 48-h cultures, and sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs) in 72-h cultures of peripheral lymphocytes. In parallel, the mutagenetic potential of urine was tested using Ames tester Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100 in both the presence and the absence of a metabolic activation system. The control group consisted of 30 healthy blood donors from the Clinic of Hematology and Blood Transfusion. Halothane concentrations in the working environment of operating rooms were determined using gas-liquid chromatography. Halothane exposure levels were far above the maximum allowable concentration in most countries, ranging between 9 and 490 mg · m^–3. Cytogenetic analysis of peripheral lymphocytes revealed significantly increased frequencies of aberrant cells (ABCs) and SCEs in the exposed group as compared with the controls (3.84% vs 1.87% ABCs, 8.69 ± 1.30 vs 7.86 ± 1.07 SCEs per cell). Results of the urine mutagenicity test were negative.     

Genetic damage induced by occupationally low mercury exposure.

Lymphocytes from whole blood cultures from 28 subjects occupationally exposed to different mercury compounds and from seven control subjects were studied cytogenetically. Differences between aneuploidy of exposed and nonexposed subjects were found statistically significant for all analysed mercury compounds. No statistically significant difference however (except for ethylmercury exposure) was observed for the frequency of cells with structural chromosome aberrations although all of the observed frequencies in exposed subjects were higher than those of the controls. A significant correlation was found between the blood and urine mercury levels on the one hand and the total amount of cells with chromosomal aberrations and frequencies of cells with other than chromatid type aberrations on the other.     

Anti-genotoxic effect of hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate on genotoxicity to human lymphocytes induced by aflatoxin B1

The anti-genotoxic potential of hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS) was investigated using sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) induced by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) as genotoxic endpoint in human lymphocytes. Whole blood samples from two healthy male donors were used for this experiment and the effects of different concentrations of HSCAS (5 x 10(-6) and 1 x 10(-5) M) and AFB1 (1, 5 and 10 microM) were tested. The present results established that the frequencies of SCEs (at doses of 5 and 10 microM except for 1 microM) in lymphocytes were significantly increased by AFB1 compared to controls. When HSCAS was added alone at a molar ratio of 5 x 10(-6) and 1 x 10(-5), lymphocytes did not show significant increases in SCE frequencies, but SCE frequencies induced by the various concentrations of AFB1 could be significantly reduced by the presence of HSCAS (at both doses). In fact, HSCAS at 1 x 10(-5) M completely inhibited SCE formations caused by AFB1. These results suggest for the first time, that HSCAS can antagonize the ability of AFB1 to cause DNA damage that leads to the formation of SCEs.     

低浓度空气汞污染对人群肾功能的影响

为探讨低浓度汞污染对人群健康的影响,测定了污染区及对照区大气汞、饮用水汞;同时对两区居民测定尿汞、发汞、尿β２－微球蛋白（β２－ＭＧ）和尿Ｎ－乙酰－β－Ｄ氨基葡萄糖苷酶（ＮＡＧ）。结果：污染区大气汞浓度明显高于对照区（Ｐ〈０．０１）;两区生活饮用水汞浓度均不超标。污染区人群尿汞及发汞中位数明显高于对照区人群（Ｐ〈０．０１）;污染区人群尿β２－ＭＧ和尿ＮＡＧ几何均值亦明显高于对照区人群（Ｐ〈０．０１     

烹调油烟职业暴露人群外周血淋巴细胞姊妹染色单体交换频率分析

应用外周血淋巴细胞姊妹染色单体交换（ＳＣＥｓ）为标志物，对职业暴露烹调油烟的人群进行了生物学监测和分析。暴露组为４６名男性饭店厨师，对照组为２８名男性饭店管理人员。结果表明，暴露组的ＳＣＥｓ明显高于对照组，暴露组ＳＣＥｓ的平均值为７３７，对照组ＳＣＥｓ平均值为４１７，采用协方差分析方法，调整吸烟、饮酒等混杂因子后，两组ＳＣＥｓ仍然存在显著性差异（Ｐ＝００００１），多因素逐步回归分析表明，暴露组人群的ＳＣＥｓ水平随暴露年限的延长而升高。     

Sister chromatid exchanges and chromosome aberrations in lymphocytes of medical personnel handling cytostatic drugs

Many anticancer drugs, including cytostatic drugs, are genotoxic. Evidence on human carcinogenicity has been conclusive. Persons handling these drugs might be exposed to an occupational health hazard, as they cause chromosomal damage in the lymphocytes. This study was conducted on 30 Egyptian medical personnel handling cytostatic drugs, working in the Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University and Gamal Abd El Naser Hospital in Alexandria. A control group comprised 30 normal healthy individuals matched for age and sex and had no contact with cytostatic drugs. Also, they were not exposed to any mutagenic agents. The workers and controls were interviewed to exclude exposure to any mutagenic agents other than anticancer drugs in case of medical workers. Cytogenetic methods were done to all subjects to assess chromosomal aberrations (CA) and sister chromatid exchanges (SCE). Significantly increased frequencies of CA and SCEs were found in exposed personnel as compared to the controls. Chromosomal aberrations and SCEs frequencies were not correlated with the age of exposed personnel and duration of exposures to cytostatic drugs. There was no increased risk of malformed children in exposed females and no history of repeated abortion. The results of this study point to the handling of cytostatic drugs as a possible genotoxic hazard. Therefore, effective protection and care in handling must be further emphasized to prevent adverse effects.