正钒酸钠对实验性糖尿病小鼠血糖水平的影响

目的 :研究正钒酸钠对实验性糖尿病小鼠血糖水平的影响。方法 :采用葡萄糖氧化酶—过氧化物酶法(GOD—PAP法 )。结果 :实验前后分别测空腹血糖值 ,实验组动物血糖与实验前及糖尿病对照组相比均有明显下降 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :正钒酸钠对实验性糖尿病小鼠具有明显的降血糖作用     

偏钒酸钠降低糖尿病小鼠血糖及其对葡萄糖磷酸化的影响

目的　通过研究偏钒酸钠对小鼠的血糖及葡萄糖磷酸化关键酶的影响 ,探讨偏钒酸钠降血糖作用的可能机制。方法　将糖尿病小鼠和正常对照小鼠 ,随机分为口服偏钒酸钠组和非口服偏钒酸钠组 ,分别饮用 2 0 0mg/L偏钒酸钠溶液和 80mmol/L的NaCl对照溶液 ,持续 5周。在实验第 0至 5周的每周末 ,对各组小鼠的血糖、肝脏葡萄糖激酶、肌肉己糖激酶以及胰岛素水平进行检测。结果　在给予偏钒酸钠前 ,糖尿病小鼠血糖水平明显高于正常对照组 ,服药 1周后 ,血糖值即由(18 77± 1 2 8)mmol/L下降至 (8 94± 0 94 )mmol/L ,接近正常水平 ;其肝脏葡萄糖激酶和肌肉己糖激酶的活性则显著升高 ,分别由 (1 2 9± 0 6 4 )mIU·min-1·mg-1蛋白质和 (1 93± 0 5 0 )mIU·min-1·mg-1蛋白质上升至 (15 36± 1 5 7)mIU·min-1·mg-1蛋白质和 (18 6 2± 1 71)mIU·min-1·mg-1蛋白质 (P <0 0 1) ;而在服药前后糖尿病小鼠的胰岛素水平差异均无显著性。上述作用在小鼠服药期间始终存在。相关分析显示 ,糖尿病小鼠的血糖水平与葡萄糖激酶和己糖激酶的活性呈显著的负相关性。结论　偏钒酸钠的降血糖作用并不依赖于体内胰岛素水平的增加 ;改善糖尿病小鼠体内不良的葡萄糖磷酸化过程 ,可能是偏钒酸钠降血糖作用的机制之一。     

钒与糖尿病

本文简述了钒的代谢、功能、毒性、影响因素，着重回顾了近１０多年来关于钒治疗糖尿病的机理研究，指出了钒与胰岛素的异同性，强调了钒与磷酸代谢的密切关系。     

钒在糖尿病

本文了简述了钒的代谢，功能，毒性，影响因素，着重回顾了近１０多年来关于钒治疗糖尿病的机理研究，指出了钒在胰岛素的异同性，强调了钒在磷酸代谢的密切关系。     

石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定大鼠组织中的钒

目的：糖尿病大鼠经钒化合物治疗后,大鼠内脏各器官中钒残留量的检测。方法：应用石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定经钒化合物治疗后的糖尿病大鼠体内各种组织中的钒含量。结果：钒化合物治疗后,糖尿病大鼠的肺、脾脏和胰腺钒的残留量相对较高,而大脑、肝脏和心脏等器官钒残留量相对较少。结论：本实验筛选出了适合于大鼠组织的消化条件和方法。     

某山区天然泉水对糖尿病小鼠血糖的影响

目的：观察天然泉水对正常小鼠和糖尿病小鼠血糖的影响。方法：以自来水，矿泉水，井水为对照，参照有关调节血糖作用检测方法进行实验。结果：天然泉水对正常小鼠血糖和糖耐量不产生影响，而可显著降低四氧嘧啶塑造的糖尿病模型小鼠的空腹血糖，餐后血糖值，明显提高糖尿病模型小鼠的糖耐量，结论：天然泉水可能具有改善糖尿病模型小鼠的血糖，糖耐量的作用。     

富硒螺旋藻对糖尿病小鼠降糖作用的实验研究

研究经胁迫累积培养的富硒螺旋藻对四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠的影响。结果表明富硒螺旋藻可使糖尿病小鼠体重增加，饮水量、食量及尿量减少，空腹血糖显著降低，并可提高糖尿病小鼠的葡萄糖耐量。     

硒、大蒜素对糖尿病小鼠降糖作用的研究

观察了硒、大蒜素单用及合用对四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠的影响。研究表明，单用硒、大蒜素可使糖尿病小鼠体重增加，饮水量、食量及尿量减少，空腹血糖明显下降，硒可改善糖尿病小鼠的糖耐量。糖尿病小鼠血红蛋白含量、白细胞数，甘油三酯含量明显下降，血小板数及胆固醇含量明显升高，脾、胸腺脏器指数及细胞吞噬率减少，单用硒、大蒜素能改善上述症状，合用则无协同作用。     

高锌摄入对四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠的影响

本文观察了高锌摄入对四氧嘧啶诱发小鼠糖尿病的影响，结果显示：饲以高锌可加速、加重小鼠糖尿病的发病，与糖尿病模型组相比，体重明显减轻，饮水量、食量及尿量增多，尿糖升高迅速，空腹血糖较高，提示临床糖尿病患者补锌应慎重考虑剂量。     

钒抗糖尿病作用研究的最新动向

本文综述了钒抗糖尿病作用的近期进展，略述了其可能的机制和展望。     

Abnormal essential fatty acid composition of tissue lipids in genetically diabetic mice is partially corrected by dietary linoleic and gamma-linolenic acids

Genetically diabetic mice (db/db) and their non-diabetic litter-mates were maintained for 15 weeks on diets supplemented with safflower oil or evening primrose (Oenothera bienis) oil, both essential fatty acid (EFA)-rich sources, or hydrogenated coconut oil (devoid of EFA). Plasma glucose was higher in the diabetic mice supplemented with the oils than in the unsupplemented diabetic mice. In the oil-supplemented non-diabetic mice, plasma glucose did not differ compared with the unsupplemented non-diabetic mice. The proportional content of arachidonic acid in the phospholipids of the pancreas was significantly decreased in diabetic mice, an effect which was completely prevented by supplementation with safflower or evening primrose oil but not hydrogenated coconut oil. In the liver phospholipids of the diabetic mice, dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid was proportionally increased, an effect reduced by supplementation with safflower oil but not evening primrose or hydrogenated coconut oils. In the liver triglycerides of the diabetic mice, gamma-linolenic acid, dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid and arachidonic acid were all proportionally decreased, effects which were also prevented by safflower or evening primrose oil but not hydrogenated coconut oil. Alopecia and dry scaly skin were prominent in the diabetic mice but less extensive in the diabetic mice supplemented with EFA.     

蝇蛆壳聚糖对糖尿病小鼠降血糖作用

目的探讨蝇蛆壳聚糖对实验性糖尿病小鼠血糖调节作用。方法将蝇蛆壳聚糖分别给予正常小鼠及糖尿病模型小鼠,经口灌胃,连续20 d,测定空腹血糖及糖耐量。结果正常小鼠给予蝇蛆壳聚糖后血糖值为(8.86±1.12)mmol/L,与空白对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。糖尿病小鼠给予高、中、低剂量蝇蛆壳聚糖后血糖分别为(11.92±3.36),(13.02±4.27),(16.39±2.65)mmol/L,均明显低于模型对照组(19.67±3.81)mmol/L(P0.05),高、中、低剂量组糖耐量分别为(24.70±5.04),(27.58±5.30),(34.27±7.73)mm2,均明显低于模型对照组(40.49±9.80)mm2(P0.05,P0.01)。结论蝇蛆壳聚糖能明显降低糖尿病小鼠血糖,对四氧嘧啶所引起的胰岛β细胞破坏有一定抑制作用。     

仙人掌、芦荟与苦瓜等降低糖尿病模型小鼠血糖的效果观察

为了观察仙人掌、芦荟及苦瓜等天然植物和不同膳食因素降低糖尿病小鼠血糖的效果 ,给小鼠腹腔注射链脲佐菌素 (STZ) 80mg kgBW以建立无症状糖尿病小鼠模型。分别采用 2种不同膳食配方及以仙人掌、芦荟、苦瓜汁灌胃 2 1天 ,检测其空腹 12h血糖和用 5 0 %葡萄糖 2 0ml kgBW灌胃 2h后血糖值。结果显示腹腔注射STZ 80mg kgBW 11天后 ,与对照组和注射STZ前比较各组小鼠空腹血糖均显著升高 (P <0 0 1) ,未出现摄食量、饮水量显著增加和体重下降的糖尿病典型症状 ,符合本实验要求的无症状期糖尿病模型小鼠。给予不同受试物 2 1天后 ,仙人掌、芦荟、苦瓜和膳食A组小鼠空腹血糖值均较STZ模型组显著降低 (P<0 0 1) ,同时也低于给受试物前水平 ,但未能达到正常组小鼠的血糖水平。当给予 5 0 %葡萄糖灌胃后 2h ,仙人掌、芦荟、苦瓜和膳食A组小鼠血糖值不同程度的低于STZ模型组 ,但仍高于正常组 (P <0 0 5 )。结果提示 ,仙人掌、芦荟、苦瓜和膳食A能不同程度降低无症状期糖尿病小鼠的空腹血糖和餐后 2h血糖。     

苦瓜粗多糖提取物降血糖作用的实验研究

目的　研究苦瓜粗多糖提取物(CPS)对正常及糖尿病小鼠血糖调节作用。方法　采用2 4只正常小鼠进行口服葡萄糖耐量试验,一次性经口给予动物葡萄糖3g kgbw ,实验组同时一次性给予CPS 1g kgbw ,对照组给予等量的生理盐水;应用1型和2型糖尿病模型小鼠,分别在随机进食和空腹情况下一次性经口给予CPS(1g kgbw) ,测定给药后2h、4h血糖水平,并与对照组血糖进行比较。结果　葡萄糖耐量试验中,实验组小鼠给予CPS 0 . 5h、1h后血糖水平显著低于对照组(分别低于对照组16 4 %和16 . 5 % ) ,差别具有显著性意义(P <0 .0 5和P <0 . 0 1)。2种糖尿病模型动物服用CPS后,各时点血糖水平较对照组显著下降(P <0 . 0 5 )。结论　苦瓜多糖粗提物对正常小鼠糖耐量有改善作用,能显著降低糖尿病模型动物随机及空腹血糖。     

枳实提取物对实验性糖尿病小鼠肝脏抗氧化防御功能的影响

目的研究枳实提取物对试验性糖尿病小鼠肝脏抗氧化能力的影响。方法用高、中、低剂量的枳实提取物治疗糖尿病小鼠5周后,观察其一般状况、肝脏的抗氧化能力及肝脏组织形态学变化。结果枳实提取物治疗组,与糖尿病模型组比较,血糖水平显著降低(P<0.05),谷胱甘肽含量(GSH)显著增加(P<0.05),谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性、丙二醛和NO含量显著降低(P<0.01),超过氧化物歧化酶活性有所增加。光镜下枳实提取物治疗组肝组织细胞损伤较糖尿病组降低。结论枳实提取物具有增强肝脏的抗氧化能力,降低肝细胞损伤作用。     

Effect of alcohol on urinary glycosaminoglycan and protein excretion in normal and diabetic mice

The effect of alcohol on urinary glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and protein excretion was studied in one-month-old normal control C57BL/6J (CBL) and genetically diabetic (db/db) mice. Ethyl alcohol (4 g/kg) was given once a day by gavage for 58-64 days. Increased amounts of urinary total GAGs and protein were found in diabetic mice. Alcohol treatment increased urinary excretion of total GAGs, heparan sulfate and protein only in nondiabetic CBL but not in diabetic mice. Also, alcohol increased creatinine clearance only in CBL mice. The reason for the lack of effect of alcohol in diabetic mice is unknown. A significant positive linear relationship was found between urinary total GAG and protein concentrations. Possible significance of this relationship in diabetes is discussed.     

Effects of a high-monounsaturated fat diet on glucose and lipid metabolisms in normal and diabetic mice

The beneficial effects of high-monounsaturated fat (high-MUFA) diets on diabetic patients have been reported, whereas studies concerning the effects on animals have been few. Although experiments on animals should be useful in elucidating underlying mechanisms, it is not clear even whether there are benefits of a high-MUFA diet in animals. This study examined the short-term effects of a high-MUFA diet on normal and genetically diabetic mice. The high-MUFA diet supplied 38% of the total calories as fat (26% from MUFA), while a regular diet was 13% fat (3% from MUFA). Normal C5 7BL/6J and diabetic C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice were fed either the regular or the high-MUFA diet for 1 wk. Serum glucose and lipid levels were then measured. In normal mice, hepatic triglyceride production was also compared between the two dietary groups using the Triton WR1339 method. An oral glucose tolerance test was conducted on the diabetic mice. After 1 wk of feeding to normal mice, the high-MUFA diet was seen to lower serum triglyceride levels and reduce hepatic triglyceride production in comparison with the regular diet; it is suggested that the lowering of triglyceride consists of mechanisms including reduced hepatic triglyceride production. When diabetic mice were fed the high-MUFA diet with a controlled caloric intake, the serum glucose levels lowered without an accompanying deterioration in lipid metabolism and the impaired glucose tolerance was ameliorated. This study demonstrates that a high-MUFA diet can lower serum triglyceride levels in normal mice and improve disorders of glucose metabolism in diabetic mice.     

灵芝茶对小鼠血糖调节实验研究

本文观察了灵芝茶对小鼠血糖调节的作用。将昆明种雄性小鼠随机分为正常对照,阳性对照及实验组,其中实验组包括三个灵芝茶剂量组进行研究。结果显示：灵芝茶０．２１６ｇ／ｋｇ剂量组的空腹血糖（Ｐ〈０．０１）,餐后３０分钟血糖（Ｐ〈０．０５）和０．３２４ｇ／ｋｇ剂量组饮水量（Ｐ〈０．０１）显著低于阳性对照组。     

富铬酵母对实验性糖尿病小鼠胰岛影响的免疫组织化学观察

目的 :采用 HRP- SPA法研究了富铬酵母对实验性糖尿病小鼠胰岛及 B细胞形态结构的影响。方法 :将糖尿病小鼠随机分为 3组 :糖尿病对照组、实验 组 (富铬酵母 2 5 0 μg/kg·d)、实验 组 (富铬酵母 1 2 5 μg/kg·d) ,另设正常对照组 ,实验周期为 4周。结果 :实验动物胰岛内空虚部分明显缩小 ,B细胞及其颗粒增多 ,界限较清。结论 :富铬酵母对实验性糖尿病小鼠受损胰岛及 B细胞形态结构具有明显的改善作用     

Efficacy of inactivated vaccine against H5N1 influenza virus infection in mice with type 1 diabetes

We sought to determine susceptibility to highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus and to explore immune protection of inactivated H5N1 vaccine in streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic mice. Susceptibility of diabetic mice to an H5N1 virus was evaluated by comparing the median lethal dose (LD₅₀) and the lung virus titers with those of the healthy after the viral infection. To evaluate the influence of diabetes on vaccination, diabetic and healthy mice were immunized once with an inactivated H5N1 vaccine and then challenged with a lethal dose of H5N1 virus. The antibody responses, survival rates, lung virus titers and body weight changes were tested. Mice with type 1 diabetes had higher lung virus titers and lower survival rates than healthy mice after H5N1 virus infection. Inactivated H5N1 vaccine induced protective antibody in diabetic mice, but the antibody responses were postponed and weakened. In spite of this, diabetic mice could be protected against the lethal virus challenge by a single dose of immunization when the amount of the antigen increased. These results indicated that type 1 diabetic mice were more susceptible to H5N1 influenza virus infection than healthy mice, and can be effectively protected by inactivated H5N1 vaccine with increased antigen.