孕期营养补充剂抗疲劳、耐寒、耐热动物实验观察

目的:通过抗疲劳、耐寒、耐热实验分析孕期营养补充剂对小鼠机体生命活力的影响。方法:SPF级昆明小鼠随机分为高、中、低剂量和对照共4组,灌胃给药21d后,进行动物实验。结果:负重游泳时间在雌性小鼠的3个剂量组均明显增加(P均0.05),在雄性小鼠的中、高剂量组明显增加(P0.05);耐寒时间在雌性小鼠的中、高剂量组明显增加(P0.01),在雄性小鼠的3个剂量组均明显增加(P均0.05);耐热时间在雌性和雄性小鼠的中、高剂量组均明显增加(P0.05)。结论:服用多种维生素、多种矿物质的营养补充剂的小鼠机体活力明显增加,抗疲劳、抗寒和抗热的能力显著提高。     

新生儿行为评价在地段围产保健工作中的应用的体会

１９９２年在辖区内对７４名正常新生儿进行新生儿行为测查（简称ＮＢＮＡ）结果表明，９８％的被查新生儿总分在３８分以上，分值随日龄增长而增加。经连续观察，出生体重３０００ｇ以上者的分值大于３０００ｇ以下者。本方法适用于地段围产保健，将儿童早期智力开发提前到新生儿期，能早期发现脑功能异常。提示出生体重与ＮＢＮＡ测查结果上关，应加强以孕妇期营养指导，重视对出生体重低于３０００ｇ新生儿的家长宣传指导新生儿行     

老化对肝脏枯否细胞膜磷脂功能的影响及维生素E的保护作用

以内毒素（ＬＰＳ）和血小板激活因子（ＰＡＦ）刺激后枯否细胞（ＫＣ）膜磷酸肌醇转化、细胞内钙离子（［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ）反应及前列腺素Ｅ２（ＰＧＥ２）含量为指标，探讨了老化对ＫＣ膜磷脂功能的影响及维生素Ｅ（ＶＥ）的保护作用。结果：２４月龄ＫＣＰＧＥ２基础分泌能力和受中、高浓度ＬＰＳ刺激后的ＰＧＥ２分泌能力均明显低于６月龄组；１８和２４月龄组ＫＣ［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ基础水平显著高于６月龄组；１８和２４月龄ＫＣ基础总磷酸肌醇含量明显低于６月龄组，各组ＫＣ受ＬＰＳ刺激后总磷酸肌醇含量增加不明显，受ＰＡＦ刺激后明显增加，但１８和２４月龄ＫＣ的增值明显小于６月龄组。ＶＥ处理组（ＶＥＧ）ＫＣＰＧＥ２基础分泌能力和总磷酸肌醇含量均明显高于非ＶＥ处理组（ＮＶＥＧ），２４月龄ＶＥＧ组ＫＣ受ＰＡＦ刺激后明显高于ＮＶＥＧ。１８和２４月龄ＶＥＧ［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ基础水平明显低于ＮＶＥＧ，活化后其净增值显著高于ＮＶＥＧ。提示，老化ＫＣ膜磷脂功能明显异常，ＶＥ对其具有显著的保护作用。     

腹部大手术后不同方式营养支持比较研究

将经历腹部大手术需要营养支持的病人３６例，随机分成普通输液组（对照组），肠外营养（ＰＮ）组和肠内营养（ＥＮ）组各１２列。术后１ｄ开始给予不同方式的营养支持，连续７ｄ，每天监测２４ｈ尿中尿素氮（ＵＵＮ）并计算氮平衡（ＮＢ）；营养支持前、后体重对比。结果示ＥＮ组和ＰＮ组的ＮＢ明显优于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５），对照组７ｄ平均体重下降４．５６±０．５０ｋｇ，ＰＮ组３．２５±０．９９ｋｇ，ＥＮ组２．９６±０．７２ｋｇ，有明显的组间差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）。研究结果表明，术后早期ＥＮ是手术后营养支持的有效途径，ＥＮ的优点是操作简便，治疗安全，经济实惠。     

硝酸铋的诱变抑制作用

用人胚纤维母细胞（ＨＥＦ）染色体畸变（ＣＡ）试验、非程序ＤＮＡ合成（ＵＤＳ）试验和小鼠骨髓细胞微核（ＭＮ）试验研究了硝酸铋对短波紫外线（ＵＶ）、盐酸氮荞（ＮＨ２ＨＣｌ）、亚砷酸钠（ＮａＡｓＯ２）和环磷酰胺（ＣＰ）致突变作用的影响。硝酸铋在剂量设计范围内（１０～１６０ｍｇ／ｋｇ）对ＣＰ诱导的小鼠ＭＮ率有明显的抑制作用；硝酸铋在预处理２０μｇ／ｍｌ组对ＮＨ２ＨＣｌ诱导的ＵＤＳ显示了增强效应；对ＵＶ诱导的ＵＤＳ和ＵＶ、ＮａＡｓＯ２诱导的ＣＡ效应无抑制作用     

新战士冷习服时体内微量元素的变化

采用营养调查和血清微量元素测定的方法，观察了新兵冷习服前后血清微量元素的变化。结果表明，经过１个月的耐寒锻炼，２５名受试者血管寒冷反应指数（ＶＲＣＩ）由习服前的１０．０５±１．６６，习服以后上升到１１．７６±２．２９（Ｐ＜０．０５），说明耐寒能力有明显加强。此时血清微量元素Ｍｎ、Ｃｕ、Ｆｅ、Ｐｂ有明显降低，Ｓｅ有所上升，其原因有待进一步探讨。     

电磁脉冲对小鼠学习记忆和探究反射的影响

为了观察电磁脉冲（ＥＭＰ）对小鼠学习记忆和探究反射的影响，采用经典的Ｙ型迷路法和改良的开阔法（ｏｐｅｎｆｉｅｌｄｍｅｔｈｏｄ），检测三种电场强度的ＥＭＰ辐照后１ｄ内、１周和４周三个时间点小鼠学习记忆和探究反射。结果发现，与对照组相比，辐照后１周４０ｋＶ·ｍ１组小鼠学习和记忆成绩降低（Ｐ＜０．０５），８０ｋＶ·ｍ１组小鼠学习成绩降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）；与对照组比较，辐照后１天内三种电场强度辐照组小鼠探究反射均下降（Ｐ＜０．０５），以４０ｋＶ·ｍ－１组更明显。辐照后１周８０ｋＶ·ｍ１组小鼠探究反射下降（Ｐ＜０．０５）。由此可见，电磁脉冲可能影响小鼠的学习记忆和探究能力。     

肠内营养制剂IMPACT对创伤大鼠免疫功能的影响

目的：旨在观察含有免疫促进作用营养物质（精氨酸、鱼油及核苷酸）的肠道营养制剂ＩＭ－ＰＡＣＴ对创伤后免疫抑制机体的免疫调节作用。方法：用双侧股骨骨折的创伤大鼠２１只,随机分为ＥＮＳＵＲＥ组、ＮＵＴＲＩＳＯＮ组和ＩＭＰＡＣＴ组进行肠道营养支持。肠道营养用量为８３７ｋＪ（２００ｋｃａｌ）／（ｋｇ·ｄ）,以灌胃的方法提供营养,共５天。实验前后观察体重、血常规、血白蛋白、外周血Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群分类和脾光镜标本的定量分析。结果：创伤后三组大鼠体重及血清白蛋白均下降,接受肠内营养ＩＭＰＡＣＴ组大鼠的免疫功能指标较其他两组有明显增强。结论：含有免疫促进作用营养物质的肠内营养制剂,可改善创伤后机体受抑制状态的免疫功能。     

不同途径早期营养支持对腹部手术后代谢反应的影响

１７例腹部手术病人随机分为肠内（ＥＮ）和肠外（ＰＮ）营养二组。自术后１ｄ起，给予等氮等热能的营养支持，连续８ｄ。监测营养支持过程中体温、血浆蛋白、体重、氮平衡和与应激相关的激素变化，结果显示：体温、血浆蛋白和体重变化两组间差异不明显，ＥＮ组术后２ｄ氮平衡明显优于ＰＮ组（３．２±２．６ｇｖｓ－１．０±３．１ｇ，Ｐ＜０．０５），ＥＮ组累积氮平衡虽亦优于ＰＮ组，但差异不显著。ＥＮ组术后３ｄ和９ｄ的胰高血糖素明显高于ＰＮ组（１８３±５９ｖｓ１０８±５０和１５８±７４ｎｇ／Ｌｖｓ１００±１７ｎｇ／Ｌ，Ｐ值均＜０．０５），但皮质醇和胰岛素水平在两组间无差异。说明早期肠内营养和肠外营养相比，并不能减轻腹部手术的应激反应和蛋白质分解代谢     

强化不同水平赖氨酸,铁对小鼠生长发育的影响

用正交设计方法对昆明种断乳小鼠分别饲以不同剂量水平的赖氨酸和铁强化大米。观察２１天结果表明：（１）赖氨酸和铁都是影响小鼠体重增长的主因素，且以０．２０％赖氨酸和２ｍｇ铁强化量对体重增长效果较好（前者＜０．０１，后者Ｐ＜０．０５）；（２）铁是影响小鼠血红蛋白增长的主因素，且以４ｍｇ％强化量对血红蛋白效果较好（Ｐ＜０．０５）；（３）赖氨酸是影响血清溶菌酶活力增长的主因素，又以０．１５％强化量对之效果较好（Ｐ＜０．０５）。综合以上三方面分析，认为赖氨酸、铁同时强化时对小鼠生长发育的最适剂量组配为０．１５％赖氨酸和４ｍｇ％铁。     

Feeding behavior after hypothalamic 6-hydroxydopamine injections

6-Hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) injection into the rat hypothalamus produces profound changes in eating behavior and body weight gain. Willis and Smith have demonstrated an anorexic effect of lateral hypothalamic (LH) 6-OHDA, which they correlate with local catecholamine release from degenerating axons just behind the lesion. Work from our own laboratory has recently demonstrated that 6-OHDA injection into the medial paraventricular nucleus (PVN) has an initial effect of stimulating daily food intake and body weight gain. It is suggested that this phenomenon, consistent with reports of enhanced eating with PVN injection of norepinephrine (NE), is due to 6-OHDA-induced release of endogenous NE. Subsequently, PVN 6-OHDA causes hypophagia and reduced body weight. Although histochemical and biochemical analyses reveal a 60-90% decrease in PVN norepinephrine and dopamine after 6-OHDA treatment, a close association between the precise degree of catecholamine loss and magnitude of behavioral response could not be detected.     

噪声对小鼠某些听觉外影响的实验研究

小鼠接触强噪声40天后,与对照组比较:体重减轻,直线运动恢复时间延长,游泳时间及静力紧张时间明显缩短。提示噪声可能对小鼠的消化、前庭及骨骼肌等器官组织功能产生损伤。为噪声作业工人进行上述器官组织功能检查提供实验依据。     

丙戊酸钠对妊娠小鼠的不良反应及叶酸的干预研究

目的:观察丙戊酸钠对妊娠小鼠的不良反应,探讨叶酸对其不良效应的干预效果。方法:将60只雌性和30只雄性小鼠随机分为3组(每组30只,雌雄比例2∶1),分别为:①对照组为灌胃蒸馏水10 ml/kg;②实验组为灌胃丙戊酸钠200 mg/kg;③干预组为灌胃丙戊酸钠200 mg/kg+叶酸0.07 mg/kg。观察小鼠的受孕率,妊娠小鼠的流产率、畸形率、死胎率,每窝仔鼠的数目及孕期增重情况等指标。结果:实验组小鼠的受孕率最低,对照组次之,干预组最高(P<0.05)。实验组妊娠小鼠的流产率、畸胎率和死胎率最高,对照组次之,干预组最低;而每窝正常仔鼠数目和孕期增重最少,对照组次之,干预组最多(P<0.05)。结论:丙戊酸钠可导致孕鼠的妊娠意外增多,补充叶酸可降低不良反应的风险。     

Conjugated linoleic acid reduces body weight gain in ovariectomized female C57BL/6J mice

Estrogen is an important protective factor against obesity in females. Therefore, postmenopausal women have a higher rate of obesity than premenopausal women, which is associated with age-related loss of ovary function. It has been reported that a diet containing conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) reduced body weight and body fat mass in the animal model as well as in human trials. We hypothesized that ingestion of CLA would reduce body weight gain in ovariectomized (OVX) female C57BL/6J mice that is a model for postmenopaual women. We further hypothesized that body weight reduction may improve obesity-related complication. To test this hypothesis, the OVX mice were fed with a high-fat diet containing CLA for 3 months. Mice had significantly reduced body weight gain compared with OVX mice fed with a high-fat diet without CLA. Although CLA was effective in slowing down body weight gain of both sham and OVX mice, analysis of adipocyte size and number suggested different mechanisms for loss of fat tissue in these 2 groups of mice. Treatment with CLA did not increase liver weight and accumulation of fat in the livers of OVX mice. Furthermore, CLA intake did not change insulin resistance. Our results indicate that CLA is functional as an antiobesity supplement in the mouse model for postmenopausal women and that the antiobesity effect of CLA is not estrogen related.     

Effects of Anoectochilus formosanus on endurance capacity in mice

The present study was designed to determine the effects of Anoectochilus formosanus exract (AFE) on endurance capacity in mice. Four wk-old male mice were given either a vehicle (distilled water) or AFE (500, 1,000 mg/kg) through stomach intubations for 4 wk. Mice were made to perform swimming exercises with weights attached to their tails corresponding to 10% of their body weight. Endurance capacity was evaluated by swimming time to exhaustion. The group treated with 1,000 mg/kg AFE showed a significant improvement (p<0.05) in endurance performance time. The mice were made to swim for 15 min with loads corresponding to 5% of their body weight. In the 1,000 mg/kg body weight of AFE administration group, blood lactate concentration was significantly lower than in the control group. In the AFE administration group, the plasma non-esterfied fatty acid (NEFA) was significantly increased by swimming exercise. AFE treatment also significantly decreased fat accumulation. Liver and gastrocnemius muscle glycogen after 15 min of swimming remained at significantly higher levels in the mice fed 1,000 mg/kg of AFE as compared to the control group. These results suggest that AFE activated utilization of lipid more than glucose as the energy source for performance.     

灰仓鼠作为多房棘球蚴感染实验动物模型的研究

目的 :研究多房棘球蚴 (Em)感染对灰仓鼠的影响 ,进一步确定灰仓鼠作为Em感染实验动物模型的价值。方法 :对灰仓鼠感染Em后包囊的生长、感染鼠的繁殖及后代再感染进行观察研究。结果 :该鼠感染后 5及 7个月包囊重量从 6.60g增加至 14 .46g ,差异具有极显著性。感染后 4个半月以内 ,灰仓鼠可以继续正常繁殖而不影响包囊生长。繁殖的后代对Em再感染无遗传免疫性。结论 :灰仓鼠对Em感染敏感性高 ,囊泡发育佳、生长速度快 ,加之其体型小、适应性强、耐受性好、易饲养、易繁殖等优点 ,是Em感染理想的实验动物模型。     

玉米胚蛋白强化小麦蛋白的效应 一、幼年大鼠生长、氮平衡和蛋白质净利用率

玉米胚蛋白是由玉米淀粉厂付产物制取的黄色粉状物,蛋白质平均含量为20.5％,粗纤维为8.9％;其蛋白质的赖氨酸含量较高,每百克平均为5.7g,八种必需氨基酸含量比较平衡,接近FAO/WHO1973年的建议模式。用幼年大鼠进行五周生长实验,以体重增长、氮平衡和蛋白质净利用率为指标判定玉米胚蛋白强化小麦蛋白的效应,使实验和对照饲料中蛋白质均占10％左右,实验饲料加17.3％的玉米胚蛋白,对照组饲料加2.4％小麦面筋。实验结果表明:实验组大鼠不论雌性和雄性体重增长都明显地超过了对照组。以摄入百克饲料增重表示,实验组和对照组雌鼠分别是19.0g和12.2g,雄鼠是17.6g和10.5g(P<0.001);两组的氮平衡及蛋白质净利用率和体重一样也都是实验组高于对照组(P相似文献   

Antiobesity activity of extracts from Lagerstroemia speciosa L. leaves on female KK-Ay mice

Banaba in the Tagalog name, Lagerstroemia speciosa L., has been used as a folk medicine for a long time among diabetics in the Philippines. Extracts from banaba leaves have been reported to reduce diabetic symptoms in genetically diabetic mice (Type II, KK-Ay). In the present study, female mice of the same strain showing remarkable body weight gain were used to examine the antiobesity effect of dietary banaba extract. Five-week-old female KK-Ay mice were fed a control diet or test diet containing 5% of a hot-water extract from banaba leaves instead of cellulose for 12 wk. Neither group showed any changes in diet intake during the experimental period. Body weight gain and parametrial adipose tissue weight were lowered significantly in the banaba diet group. Blood glucose levels were not suppressed in the banaba diet group, but hemoglobin A1C was found to be suppressed at the end of the experiment. No effects on the serum lipids were observed, but the mice fed banaba extract showed a significant decrease, to 65% of the control level in total hepatic lipid contents. This decrease was due to a reduction in the accumulation of triglyceride. These results suggest that banaba had a beneficial effect on obese female KK-Ay mice.     

A review of certain low-level ionizing radiation studies in mice and guinea pigs

Starting in the early 1940s, Egon Lorenz and collaborators at the National Cancer Institute began an extended study of chronic low-level ionizing radiation effects in what was then the tolerance range for man. Observations on life span, body weight and radiation carcinogenesis, among others, were made in mice, guinea pigs and rabbits. At the then-permissible exposure level, 0.1 R** per 8-h day until natural death, experimental mice and guinea pigs had a slightly greater mean life span compared to control animals. In addition, there was marked weight gain during the growth phase in both species. Increased tumor incidence was also observed at the 0.1-R level in mice. The primary hypothesis for increased median life span has been rebound regenerative hyperplasia during the early part of the exposure; in the presence of continuing injury, there is physiological enhancement of defense mechanisms against intercurrent infection. The body weight gain has not been explained.     

Circadian Clock Component BMAL1 in the Paraventricular Nucleus Regulates Glucose Metabolism

It is suggested that clock genes link the circadian rhythm to glucose and lipid metabolism. In this study, we explored the role of the clock gene Bmal1 in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) in glucose metabolism. The Sim1-Cre-mediated deletion of Bmal1 markedly reduced insulin secretion, resulting in impaired glucose tolerance. The pancreatic islets’ responses to glucose, sulfonylureas (SUs) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) were well maintained. To specify the PVN neuron subpopulation targeted by Bmal1, the expression of neuropeptides was examined. In these knockout (KO) mice, the mRNA expression of Avp in the PVN was selectively decreased, and the plasma AVP concentration was also decreased. However, fasting suppressed Avp expression in both KO and Cre mice. These results demonstrate that PVN BMAL1 maintains Avp expression in the PVN and release to the circulation, possibly providing islet β-cells with more AVP. This action helps enhance insulin release and, consequently, glucose tolerance. In contrast, the circadian variation of Avp expression is regulated by feeding, but not by PVN BMAL1.