乙型肝炎病毒感染与肾小球肾炎

目的研究乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ）感染与肾小球肾炎，尤其是与ＩｇＡ肾病（ＩｇＡＮ）、狼疮肾炎（ＬＮ）间的关系，并初步观察α干扰素（αＩＦＮ）对成人乙肝相关性肾炎（ＨＢＶＧＮ）的疗效。方法对１５７例肾活检标本采用免疫组织化学的方法检测肾组织中ＨＢＡｇ，配对比较３２例ＩｇＡＮ，３０例ＬＮ中ＨＢＡｇ阳性组与阴性组肾组织病理改变，和４２例ＧＮ中ＨＢｃＡｇ阳性组与阴性组对激素治疗的反应，并随访３例ＨＢＶＧＮ经αＩＦＮ治疗的临床演变。结果ＩｇＡＮ中ＨＢｃＡｇ阳性组肾小管及间质病变程度均较阴性组严重（Ｐ＜００５）；ＬＮ中ＨＢｃＡｇ阳性组肾小球硬化及间质炎症程度较阴性组显著（Ｐ＜００５）；ＨＢｃＡｇ阳性组对激素治疗的反应较阴性组差（Ｐ＜００５）；３例ＨＢＶＧＮ经αＩＦＮ治疗后临床症状缓解。结论肾小球肾炎部分病例起病与ＨＢＶ感染有关，ＩｇＡＮ、ＬＮ与ＨＢＶ感染有相关性，αＩＦＮ对成人ＨＢＶＧＮ可能有良好的治疗作用。     

药物相关性肾小球肾炎

药物相关性肾小球肾炎是一种免疫介导性疾病,其发病特点近年来被给予了高度关注。本文重点综述各种药物所致肾小球肾炎的病理类型、发病机制、临床表现、治疗及预后的最新进展。     

肿瘤相关性肾小球肾炎

肿瘤相关性肾小球肾炎马大庆综述汪关煜董德长审校肿瘤的肾脏并发症已成为决定肿瘤病人预后的重要因素之一［１］。肿瘤可由多种形式引起肾脏损害，包括：（１）直接侵犯；（２）引起代谢紊乱如高钙血症等致肾脏损害；（３）肿瘤治疗并发症如放射性肾炎；（４）侵犯腹膜后...     

中药对慢性肾小球肾炎与细胞因子相关性的研究进展

近年来,众多基础实验及临床研究表明一些细胞因子在慢性肾小球肾炎（chronic glomerulonephritis,CGN）的发生、发展过程中起着广泛且重要的作用,中药在调节细胞因子方面具有一定的优势。本文就与GGN发病有关的重要细胞因子及其中药研究进展进行阐述。     

肾小球肾炎的免疫抑制治疗研究进展

肾小球肾炎是一种免疫性疾病，即免疫介导的以肾小球为主的炎症性病变。许多炎性因于在肾小球肾炎的病理反应中起重要的作用。随着分子免疫学与分子生物学技术的发展，对炎性因子的研究不断深入，炎性因子与抗炎性因子的相互作用可能决定了免疫介导的炎症性疾病的发生与发展。现将有关肾小球肾炎的免疫抑制治疗的研究进展综述如下。１ＩＬ－１受体拮抗剂 ＩＬ－１属多肽类生长因于，最初认为是单核一巨噬细胞产生的淋巴细胞激活因子。目前发现肾小球内皮细胞、系膜细胞及成纤维细胞等均可分泌ＩＬ－１。ＩＬ－１的生物学作用广泛，是一种多…     

乙型肝炎病毒感染对肾小球肾炎致病作用的比较分析

目的:探讨乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染对肾小球肾炎(GN)的致病作用.方法:应用免疫组织化学方法,检测49例血清HBV阳性和15例HBV阴性患者肾组织内HBV标志物(HBsAg、HBeAg、HBcAg)分布的状况,并对比两组患者的临床表现、化验检查和肾组织病理类型.结果:(1)两组在性别、年龄、24 h尿蛋白定量、合并血尿、肝功能受损、肾功能受损和血清免疫学指标方面无明显差异(P＞0.05);(2)HBV标志物阳性组肾组织内HBV标志物检出率与阴性组相比无明显差异(P＞0.05);(3)两组所致肾小球肾炎的病理类型方面无统计学差异(P＞0.05).结论:HBV可能直接感染肾组织细胞导致肾炎的发生.     

乙型肝炎病毒相关性肾小球肾炎的诊治进展

乙型肝炎病毒相关性肾小球肾炎是继发性肾小球肾炎中较常见的一种.我国HBV感染率较高,HBV感染对肾脏的影响应引起重视.本文就乙型肝炎病毒相关性肾小球肾炎的诊断以及治疗进展作一综述.     

Interferon treatment on glomerulonephritis associated with hepatitis C virus

We report on a 10-year-old girl with glomerulonephritis associated with hepatitis C virus infection, who was treated with interferon-α. On the first renal biopsy at 8 years of age, mild mesangial hypercellularity in a segmental to semiglobal pattern was present in all glomeruli. After 6 months interferon-α therapy, proteinuria diminished completely. However, mesangial proliferation was advanced on the second biopsy at 10 years of age. We concluded that the interferon-α was effective in the treatment of proteinuria despite the lack of pathological improvement. Received: 15 March 2000 / Revised: 11 July 2000 / Accepted: 14 July 2000     

Clinicopathological study of infection-associated glomerulonephritis in adults

Objectives  

Infection-associated glomerulonephritis is uncommon in adults. In the present study, we have tried to determine the mode of presentation, the spectrum of morphology, and the prognostic factors for renal outcome in adult patients with infection-associated glomerulonephritis.     

De novo glomerulonephritis in renal allografts with hepatitis C virus infection

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection on the occurrence of posttransplant de novo glomerulonephritis (GN). Of 165 patients selected for the study, 44 were HCV positive and 121 HCV negative. Light and immunofluorescence microscopy were performed on all biopsies and clinical and laboratory findings reviewed. Fifteen (34%) of the 44 HCV positive patients showed de novo GN (4 membranous, 11 membranoproliferative) at a mean of 47 +/- 22 months. But only 8 (6.6%) of 121 HCV negative patients showed de novo GN (5 anti-glomerular basement membrane nephritis in recipients with Alport's disease, 2 membranous GN, 1 membranoproliferative GN) at a mean of 60 +/- 39 months. The risk of development of de novo GN was higher among patients with HCV infection (P < .001). The presence of de novo GN in HCV positive patients impaired graft survival compared with HCV positive patients without de novo GN (P < .01). The incidence of recurrence of primary disease, mainly focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, membranous glomerulonephritis, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, and IgA nephropathy, was higher in HCV negative patients (29%) compared with HCV positive patients (6.8%; P = .001), namely, 50%, 57.6%, 25%, and 69%, respectively. In conclusion, HCV infection showed a strong influence on the development of de novo GN. For this reason, it is important to follow HCV positive recipients with a renal biopsy even when there are no significant clinical or laboratory findings.     

Pathogenesis of hepatitis C virus-associated glomerulonephritis

Summary: Hepatitis C virus (HCV), in addition to causing both acute and chronic liver disease, may also be associated with several immunologically-mediated syndromes, particularly cryoglobulinaemia and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. Although the glomerulonephritis may be a feature of a systemic cryoglobulinaemic syndrome, it may also present as a primary renal disease without evidence of vasculitis or liver disease. Most of these latter patients, however, will have detectable cryoglobulinaemia either at the time of presentation or with continued observation. In this review, we discuss the pathogenesis of the glomerular disease. Most evidence supports the hypothesis that HCV associated glomerular disease results from the deposition of circulating immune complexes that are usually cryoprecipitable and which contain HCV, anti-HCV IgG, and rheumatoid factors. However, HCV antigens have yet to be identified in glomerular biopsies. This has raised the possibility that other pathogenic mechanisms may be involved, including auto-antibodies directed against glomerular antigens and factors related to chronic liver disease. Further studies are necessary to fully elucidate the pathogenesis of this recently recognized disease.     

HBx基因在乙型肝炎病毒相关性肾炎致病机制中的研究进展

HBx基因是一种多功能的调节因子,具有广泛的反式激活作用,能激活转录因子、抑制DNA修复,并调节细胞的增殖、转化及凋亡.近年来,HBx在乙型肝炎病毒相关性肾炎（HBV-GN）致病中的作用成为研究的热点.研究显示,HBx对肾小球系膜细胞增殖、足细胞及肾小管上皮细胞的损伤及凋亡存在广泛影响.此文就HBx的生物学特性及在肾脏损伤机制中的研究进展进行了综述.     

慢性乙型肝炎患者病毒准种的研究进展

由于乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）的逆转录酶缺乏校正活性,在病毒复制过程中产生大量核苷酸错配,故HBV在宿主体内表现为大量在遗传学上高度相关而又有差别的病毒群体,这一群体称为准种,宿主体内的病毒准种在宿主免疫压力和药物的选择压力下不断发生动态变化,因此HBV准种变化在慢性乙型肝炎的抗病毒治疗、耐药检测以及预后等方面均有重要作用。本文对HBV准种变化与慢性乙型肝炎进展的关系作一综述。