P波振幅预测阵发性心房颤动肺静脉隔离射频消融术后复发的临床价值

目的评价阵发性心房颤动(房颤)肺静脉隔离射频消融患者术前P波振幅与术后复发之间的关系。方法回顾性分析接受肺静脉隔离射频消融治疗阵发性房颤患者的临床特征,测量相关导联P波的时限和振幅。术后随访3个月以上,按照术后复发与否分为复发组与未复发组,评估P波振幅在预测房颤术后复发中的价值。结果在50例患者中术后共13例复发房颤,其中2例再次射频消融成功,总射频消融成功率78.0%(39/50)。复发组患者年龄[(67.75±6.48)岁比(60.82±8.87)岁,P=0.007]、CHA_2DS_2-VASC评分[(2.21±1.25)分比(1.33±1.15)分,P=0.021]和左心房内径[(40.4±4.7)mm比(37.2±4.2)mm,P=0.028]均显著高于未复发组,差异均有统计学意义。复发组患者Ⅰ导联P波振幅[(0.065±0.038)m V比(0.095±0.038)m V,P=0.024]显著低于未复发组。Ⅰ导联P波振幅0.1 m V在预测阵发性房颤肺静脉隔离射频消融术后复发的敏感度为79%,特异度为71%。多元回归分析显示,Ⅰ导联P波振幅0.1 m V为房颤术后复发的独立危险因素(OR 2.36,95%CI 1.96~4.87,P=0.012)。结论Ⅰ导联P波低振幅可能是预测阵发性房颤肺静脉隔离射频消融术后复发的有效指标。     

环肺静脉隔离消融术对P波离散度的急性效应

目的观察经三维电解剖标测系统指导下成功的环肺静脉隔离导管射频消融术本身对阵发性房颤患者p波离散度(Pd)的影响。方法选取2007年8月至2010年4月在我院用三维电解剖标测系统(Ensite或Carto)指导下行环肺静脉隔离经导管射频消融治疗阵发性房颤患者38例,男25例,女13例;年龄34-74岁(平均59.60±8.35);其中伴高血压者23例,伴糖尿病6例,均为心功能Ⅰ级。分别记录术前及术后第三天窦性心律时ECG以及心脏彩超(分别为同一操作者);其中心电图各导联p波间期最大值(Pmax)与p波间期最小值(Pmin)之间的差值即p波离散度(Pd)。结果经导管环肺静脉隔离阵发性房颤射频消融术前后Pmin和Pmax分别为(57.8±15.8)ms,(128.9±25.8)ms和(60.1±14.3)ms,(115±20.6)ms,其中Pmax手术前后比较P<0.001;p波离散度手术前后分别为(71.1±17.5)ms和(54.7±15.6)ms(P<0.001),具显著统计学意义。进一步分析P波离散度和左房大小的关系表明,不仅术前P波离散度和术前左心房大小未见明显相关(r=0.122,P=0.437),同时手术前后P波离散度变化(△)亦与术前左心房大小无显著相关(r=-0.209,P=0.208)。结论尽管阵发性房颤P波离散度与左心房大小无关,但成功的环肺静脉隔离导管射频消融手术本身即能显著减少Pmax和Pd,提示其对阵发性房颤患者心房内非均质性电活动具有改善作用。     

持续性心房颤动环肺静脉消融术后随访及复发因素

目的探讨Lasso标测导管指导下环肺静脉消融术(CPVA)后心房颤动(简称房颤)早晚期复发的预测因素。方法收集持续性房颤CPVA术后患者的临床及电生理资料结合术后随访,进行多因素相关分析,了解各因素与术后房颤复发的相关性。结果共89例行CPVA术,早期复发房性心律失常29例(32.6%),其中房颤19例(21.3%),晚期共复发房颤29例(32.6%)。多因素回归分析提示最大P波时程(OR1.024,CI1.002～1.046,P=0.03)是房颤早期复发的独立预测因素;而对于房颤晚期复发来说,器质性心脏病(OR4.849,CI1.582～14.866,P=0.006)以及最大P波时程(OR1.048,CI1.017～1.080,P=0.002)是独立预测因素。结论持续性房颤CPVA术后患者,最大P波时程是早晚期复发的独立预测因素,器质性心脏病是晚期复发的独立预测因素。     

左心耳峰值流速对肺静脉隔离术后成功维持窦性心律的预测价值

目的评估接受肺静脉隔离术的心房颤动(房颤)患者,术前临床特征和超声心动图参数,尤其是左心耳峰值流速(left atrial appendage emptying peak flow velocity,LAAEV)对术后成功维持窦性心律的预测价值。方法纳入2018年1月至2019年1月就诊于武汉亚洲心脏病医院房颤中心的房颤患者共362例,术后随访1年。临床终点事件为房颤复发。使用Logistic回归分析评估窦性心律至少成功维持一年的独立预测因素。使用受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线评估LAAEV、左心房直径、房颤持续时间对窦性心律至少成功维持一年的诊断价值。结果术后成功维持窦性心律的患者(n=252)和房颤复发的患者(n=110)比较,术前LAAEV更高[(40.8±16.5)cm/s vs.(22.3±10.9 cm/s),P0.001],左心房直径更小[(42.5±5.1)mm vs.(54.7±6.6)mm,P=0.001],房颤持续时间更短[(11.2±5.7)个月vs.(21.7±6.3)个月,P=0.001],阵发性房颤更多见(77.8%vs. 25.5%,P0.001),而与接受肺静脉隔离术的手术方式无关(P=0.414)。术后复查超声心动图,成功维持窦性心律的患者,左心房直径更小[(30.6±6.4)mm vs.(43.7±5.2)mm,P=0.001],LAAEV更高[(49.4±20.3)cm/s vs.(30.7±19.3)cm/s,P0.001]。多元Logistic回归分析显示,术前LAAEV40 cm/s(OR=8.716,95%CI:5.243～14.490,P0.001),左心房直径44 m(OR=3.046,95%CI:1.905～4.870,P0.001),房颤持续时间15个月(OR=2.535,95%CI:1.602～4.010,P0.001),是术后窦性心律能成功维持的独立预测因素,敏感性分别是82.1%、74.6%、67.1%;特异性分别是65.5%、50.9%、55.5%;阳性预测值分别是84.5%、77.7%、77.5%;阴性预测值分别是61.5%、46.7%、42.4%;ROC曲线下面积分别是0.738、0.628、0.613。结论接受肺静脉隔离术的房颤患者,术前LAAEV、左心房直径、房颤持续时间是术后窦性心律能否成功维持的独立预测因素。其中,LAAEV40 cm/s的预测价值最大。     

阵发性房颤患者射频消融术后心电图P波离散度的变化

目的：探讨阵发性房颤射频消融术对 P 波离散度（最大、最小 P 波时限之差）的影响。方法：对95例有阵发性房颤病人行环肺静脉电隔离术,记录术前及术后24h 十二导心电图,测量最大、最小 P 波时限,计算 P 波离散度。从术后3个月开始,每月门诊随访,并行动态心电图检查,随访6个月。根据房颤症状及动态心电图随访资料判断手术成功与否分为成功组（70例）和复发组（25例）。结果：所有房颤患者射频消融术后 P 波离散度较术前均有下降[（42.22±4.02）ms 比（48.84±4.08）ms,P ＜0.01]。成功组 P 波离散度较术前明显下降[（40.67±4.82）ms 比（47.63±3.58）ms,P ＜0.01],复发组较术前有所下降[（48.26±3.48）ms 比（49.51±1.64） ms],但无显著性差异（P ＝0.346）。环肺静脉电隔离术后,成功组 P 波离散度显著低于复发组 P 波离散度（P ＜0.01）。结论：环肺静脉电隔离术可改善房颤患者 P 波离散程度,成功组 P 波离散度改善更加明显。环肺静脉电隔离术后 P 波离散度对房颤的复发有预测作用。     

增强心脏磁共振成像评估心房颤动患者射频消融术后左心房及肺静脉开口变化与术后复发的关系

目的:利用增强心脏磁共振成像评估心房颤动(房颤)患者环肺静脉前庭射频消融术后左心房容积及肺静脉开口最大横截面积变化并探讨其与房颤复发的相关性。方法:连续入选78例房颤患者(房颤组)和20例健康成年人(正常对照组)。房颤组分为阵发性房颤亚组(n=46)和持续性房颤亚组(n=32);其中共有66例行环肺静脉前庭隔离射频消融术,术后6个月随访时有17例复发(复发亚组),49例无复发(无复发亚组)。研究在入组时利用增强心脏磁共振成像对所有受试者测量了其各肺静脉开口最大横截面积,同时采用专门的心脏分析软件进行3D重建获得左心房容积,其中手术患者还在术后6个月时再次进行测量,以比较房颤组和正常对照组、阵发性房颤亚组和持续性房颤亚组、复发亚组和无复发亚组之差异及变化,并就此探讨与房颤复发的相关性。结果:与正常对照组相比,房颤组左心房容积、左右上肺静脉开口最大横截面积均显著增大(P均0.05);与阵发性房颤亚组相比,持续性房颤亚组左心房容积、左右上肺静脉开口最大横截面积均显著增大(P均0.05)。行射频消融术患者术后6个月与术前比较的亚组分析显示:无复发亚组(n=49)左右上肺静脉、右下肺静脉的开口最大横截面积以及左心房容积均显著减小(P均0.05),复发亚组(n=17)右上肺静脉术后显著扩张、左心房容积明显增大(P均0.05)。术后左心房容积的减小与左右上肺静脉开口最大横截面积的减小具有显著相关性,多因素Logistic分析显示,左心房容积(HR=1.05,P0.01)及右上肺静脉开口最大横截面积(HR=1.09,P=0.05)仍与房颤射频消融术后复发相关。结论:环肺静脉隔离射频消融术可逆转房颤患者左心房及肺静脉的重构,左心房及右上肺静脉开口最大横截面积与术后房颤复发相关。     

节段性肺静脉电隔离术治疗心房颤动的疗效及相关因素分析

目的探讨Lasso电极标测下节段性肺静脉电隔离术对心房颤动(房颤)的疗效及其影响因素。方法对120例(其中男性105例;平均年龄50.0±8.6岁)行节段性肺静脉电隔离术的患者(包括阵发性房颤99例,持续性房颤21例),分析其年龄、性别、房颤类型、左心房大小、房颤病史、左心室射血分数、合并高血压与首次术后疗效的关系。结果99例阵发性房颤中首次治愈52例,治愈率52.5%;21例持续性房颤中首次治愈6例,治愈率为28.5%。单因素分析示房颤首次术后复发与左心房扩大、持续性房颤及年龄显著相关;阵发性房颤再次术后治愈率有高于持续性房颤的趋势,但差异无统计学意义(P=0.094)。逻辑回归分析结果只有左心房扩大是首次术后房颤复发的独立危险因素。结论节段性肺静脉电隔离首次术后阵发性房颤治愈率可达50%左右。左心房扩大是房颤复发的独立危险因素,高龄及持续性房颤影响房颤的首次术后治愈率。     

P波间期与阵发性房颤首次射频消融术后复发的关系

目的 评价P波间期对阵发性房颤射频消融术后复发的影响.方法 100例药物治疗无效的症状性阵发性房颤患者,在Ensite Velocity三维标测系统指导下行环肺静脉前庭线性消融,消融终点为肺静脉电隔离.结果 术中肺静脉隔离率100％.术后随访（14.0±5.5）个月,其中72例成功维持窦性心律（窦律维持组）,28例复发（复发组）.复发组最大P波间期及P波离散度均较窦律维持组明显延长[最大P波间期：（138±16）mm比（126±14）mm,P波离散度：（58±21）mm比（49±15）mm],两组差异有统计学意义.结论 阵发性房颤射频消融术前标准体表12导联心电图（ECG）所测的最大P波间期及P波离散度可预测术后复发.     

肥厚型心肌病合并心房颤动导管消融术后复发的相关因素分析

目的 探讨国人肥厚型心肌病(HCM)合并心房颤动(房颤)患者导管消融术的疗效及术后心律失常复发的危险因素.方法 纳入2005年6月至2013年6月在北京安贞医院行导管消融术的HCM合并房颤患者共40例(阵发性房颤27例,持续性房颤13例).阵发性房颤的消融策略为双侧环肺静脉隔离(PVI)持续性房颤的消融策略为PVI基础上加行左心房顶部、二尖瓣峡部和三尖瓣峡部线性消融.术后以常规心电图和长程心电图随访患者心律失常复发情况,用回归分析方法甄别与心律失常复发相关的危险因素并检测其预测效力.结果 单次消融术后随访(34±18)个月,窦性心律维持率为30％ (12/40),64.3％ (18/28)的心律失常复发出现在消融术后1年.Cox多因素分析显示左心房内径(LAD)和女性是术后快速房性心律失常复发的独立危险因素(LAD:HR=1.124,95％ CI1.051～1.202,P=0.001;女性:HR=3.304,95％CI1.397 ～7.817,P=0.007).其中LAD的截断值为43.5 mm时的预测敏感度为93.5％,特异度为60.0％;LAD每增加1 mm,心律失常复发的风险比为1.095(95％CI1.031～1.163,P=0.003).结论 HCM合并房颤行导管消融术虽安全可行,但单次手术后长期随访的窦性心律维持率较低,大部分心律失常复发出现在术后1年内,左心房内径增大和女性是术后复发的独立危险因素.     

右心房大小预测阵发性心房颤动合并左心房增大导管射频消融术后的复发

目的:左心房大小可以预测心房颤动(房颤)导管射频消融术后的复发。本研究旨在探讨右心房大小是否可以预测房颤射频消融术后复发。方法:纳入2009-01-2011-12在北京安贞医院行导管射频消融术的阵发性房颤患者共196例。阵发性房颤的消融策略为双侧环肺静脉隔离(PVI)。术后以常规心电图和动态心电图随访患者心律失常复发情况。运用回归分析方法甄别与心律失常复发相关的危险因素并检测其预测效力。结果:术后随访(25.3±18.1)个月,共有111例消融术后复发。右心房横径(RAD)和左心房内径(LAD,r=0.285,P0.001),左心室射血分数(r=-0.241,P=0.001)和左心室舒张末期内径(r=0.239,P=0.001)有关。多因素Cox回归分析显示RAD可以独立预测房颤合并LAD增大患者术后复发(HR 1.044,95%CI1.007~1.082,P=0.021)。其中RAD的截断值为35.5 mm时的预测敏感性为85.4%,特异性为29.2%。KaplanMeier分析两组的窦性心律维持率有显著性差别(Log Rank P=0.034)。结论:右心房增大可以独立预测阵发性房颤合并左心房增大患者的房颤术后远期复发。推测双心房参与房颤的发生与维持。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

N-acetyl-L-cysteine combined with mesalamine in the treatment of ulcerative colitis： Randomized,placebo-controlled pilot study

AIM： To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of oral N-acetyl-L-cysteine （NAC） co-administration with mesalamine in ulcerative colitis （UC） patients.
METHODS： Thirty seven patients with mild to moderate UC were randomized to receive a four-wk course of oral mesalamine （2.4 g/d） plus N-acetyl-L-cysteine （0.8 g/d） （group A） or mesalamine plus placebo （group B）. Patients were monitored using the Modified Truelove-Witts Severity Index （MTWSI）. The primary endpoint was clinical remission （MTWSI ≤ 2） at 4 wk. Secondary endpoints were clinical response （defined as a reduction from baseline in the MTWSI of ≥ 2 points） and drug safety. The serum TNF-α, interleukin-6, interleukin-8 and MCP-1 were evaluated at baseline and at 4 wk of treatment. RESULTS： Analysis per-protocol criteria showed clinical remission rates of 63% and 50% after 4 wk treatment with mesalamine plus N-acetyl-L-cysteine （group A） and mesalamine plus placebo （group B） respectively （OR = 1.71; 95% CI： 0.46 to 6.36; P = 0.19; NNT = 7.7）. Analysis of variance （ANOVA） of data indicated a significant reduction of MTWSI in group A （P = 0.046） with respect to basal condition without significant changes in the group B （P = 0.735） during treatment. Clinical responses were 66% （group A） vs 44% （group B） after 4 wk of treatment （OR = 2.5; 95% CI： 0.64 to 9.65; P = 0.11; NNT = 4.5）. Clinical improvement in group A correlated with a decrease of IL-8 and MCP-1. Rates of adverse events did not differ significantly between both groups.
CONCLUSION： In group A （oral NAC combined with mesalamine） contrarily to group B （mesalamine alone）, the clinical improvement correlates with a decrease of chemokines such as MCP-1 and IL-8. NAC addition not produced any side effects.     

Delorme's transrectal excision for internal rectal prolapse

Surgical therapy of functional outlet obstruction in patients with internal rectal intussusception may include abdominal, perineal, or transrectal procedures. Because abdominal procedures often result in significant physiologic impact but unrelieved constipation, the authors have elected Delorme's transrectal excision for management of these patients. Since a short-term placebo effect attends many therapies, this report describes results of transrectal excision only after a threeyear postoperative period. Delorme's transrectal excision of internal intussusception accomplished sustained symptomatic relief in over 70 percent of otherwise refractory constipated patients. The association of internal intussusception with other abnormalities underscores the importance of defining both anatomic and functional components when selecting patients whose constipation may require surgical therapy. Critical technical elements, surgical pitfalls, and potential complications of the procedure are discussed.Poster presentation at the meeting of The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, Toronto, Canada, June 11 to 16, 1989.     

The oral glucose tolerance test: A comparison of the time points on the basis of limit values,normal dispersion,and reproducibility

Summary Time points in the glucose tolerance test (GTT) are compared on the basis of limit values, dispersion within a reference population, and reproducibility. We suggest using the distance between a limit value and the median reference value as a measure of the magnitude of abnormality. The distance between 140 mg/100 ml and the median fasting plasma glucose value is chosen as a standard distance and limits for other points in the GTT are calculated to equal this standard distance of abnormality. We suggest that the probability of correctly interpreting an inividual result is directly related to the reproducibility of the test and inversely related to the percentage of the total range of values which is dispersed among the normal population. The ratio of reproducibility to percentage normal dispersion is proposed as an index of the probability of correctly interpreting an individual result. According to this index, the probability of correct interpretation varies in order: fasting plasma glucose concentration>3-h>2-h>0.5-h>1-h plasma glucose concentration.