Antiinflammatory sesquiterpenes from the root oil of Ferula hermonis

Ferula hermonis Boiss. (Apiaceae), commonly known as ‘Shilsh‐el‐zallouh’, ‘Hashishat‐al‐kattira’ or ‘The Lebanese viagra’, is a small shrub that grows abundantly on the Hermon Mountain between Syria and Lebanon. The seeds and roots of this plant have long been used in the Middle East as an aphrodisiac, and for the treatment of frigidity and impotence for both men and women. The antiinflammatory properties of three major daucane esters, ferutinin (1) teferin (2) and teferidin (3), isolated from the root oil of Ferula hermonis, were assessed by the carrageenan‐induced oedema model in rats. The antiinflammatory effect of both 1 and 2 was observed with a dose of 100 mg/kg, while compound 3 did not show any antiinflammatory activity; conversely it produced a significant proinflammatory effect 2 and 3 h after carrageenan injection. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Antifungal Compounds from the Rhizome and Roots of Ferula hermonis

The antifungal activity of hexane, dichloromethane, methanol and aqueous extracts from the rhizome and root of Ferula hermonis was assayed in vitro by the agar disk diffusion method against a panel of human opportunistic and pathogenic fungi. Among them, the hexane and dichloromethane extracts showed the highest activity particularly against the dermatophytes Microsporum gypseum and Tricophyton mentagrophytes as well as the yeast Candida lactis‐condensi. Activity‐guided fractionation of both extracts using an agar overlay bioautographic method led to the isolation of two antifungal compounds which were identified as the daucane aryl esters jaeschkeanadiol p‐hydroxybenzoate (ferutinin) and jaeschkeanadiol benzoate (teferidin). Determination of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) values of both compounds evidenced a stronger antifungal activity for ferutinin than for teferidin. Particularly, T. mentagrophytes was the most sensitive strain with MIC and MFC values ranging from 8 to 256 µg/mL. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Antiproliferative effects of daucane esters from Ferula communis and F. arrigonii on human colon cancer cell lines

Certain jaesekanadiol p-hydroxy- and p-methoxybenzoates - typical of Ferula communis and Ferula arrigonii sardinian plants - show antiproliferative activity on human colon cancer less. The inhibitory doses 50%, calculated after 72 h of treatment, revealed that the antiproliferative capacity of the compounds was in the following descending order: ferutinin > 2alpha-OH-ferutidin > ferutidin > siol anisate > lapiferin > jaeskeanadiol. Evidence is presented that interaction with type II estrogen-binding sites (EBS) underlies this activity.     

大果阿魏化学成分的研究

目的：对大果阿魏根部的化学成分进行研究。方法：采用硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱以及重结晶等方法分离纯化,根据理化性质和谱学数据鉴定化合物的结构。结果：从大果阿魏根部分离得到6个化合物,分别鉴定为lehmannolone（Ⅰ）、sinkianone（Ⅲ）、lehmannoloneA（Ⅲ）、farnesiferolC（Ⅳ）、fekrynol（Ⅴ）、assafoetidin（Ⅵ）。结论：化合物Ⅱ-Ⅵ均为首次从该植物中分得。     

Biologically active sesquiterpene coumarins from Ferula species

Extracts from different species of the genus Ferula (Apiaceae) have had various biomedical applications for many centuries. Many biological features of this genus such as cytotoxicity, antibacterial, antiviral, P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitory and antiinflammatory activity have been attributed to sesquiterpene coumarins; structures containing a common coumarin group and a sesquiterpene moiety. This both highlights the importance of sesquiterpene coumarins as biologically active natural products and necessitates further studies on these compounds. Taking into account the versatile biological properties of compounds isolated from Ferula and the unprecedented interest in the application of natural products as a new generation of therapeutics, the present review will discuss reports on biological activities of sesquiterpene coumarins of the genus Ferula, from 1990 onwards.     

气相色谱-质谱法分析新疆阿魏挥发油化学成分

目的对大果阿魏树脂和基生叶成分进行研究。方法采用气相色谱和GC-MS联用方法分析了大果阿魏树脂、基生叶挥发油中的化学成分。结果分离出62个色谱峰中鉴定了36种成分,并测定了其相对含量。结论大果阿魏树脂、基生叶的挥发油主要成分是:愈创木醇、萜类化合物,未检出多硫化物。     

青翘正丁醇部位连翘苷、连翘酯苷A的制备及抑菌、抗氧化活性

目的:从青翘正丁醇部位制备连翘苷及连翘酯苷A单体化合物,并对其抑菌活性及清除DPPH自由基的抗氧化能力进行研究。方法:采用硅胶柱层析、重结晶等技术对青翘正丁醇部位连翘苷及连翘酯苷A进行分离纯化;采用K-B纸片扩散法测定连翘苷、连翘酯苷A对大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎链球菌的抑菌效果;DPPH法测定连翘苷、连翘酯苷A清除DPPH自由基的抗氧化能力。结果:连翘酯苷A对大肠埃希菌、肺炎链球菌及金黄色葡萄球菌抑菌圈的直径分别为12.35,9.58,12.29 mm,连翘酯苷A的抑菌活性高于青翘正丁醇部位总浸膏的抑菌活性,低于庆大霉素的抑菌活性,而连翘苷无抑菌活性,连翘酯苷A对3种细菌的抑制强弱为:大肠埃希菌﹥金黄色葡萄球菌﹥肺炎链球菌;连翘酯苷A清除DPPH自由基的能力大于连翘苷。结论:连翘酯苷A可能是青翘抑菌活性及抗氧化活性的主要成分。     

Biological activities of some natural compounds from Sideritis sipylea Boiss

In this work, several diterpenes including siderol, linearol and epicandicandiol were isolated from Sideritis sipylea Boiss collected from Izmir-Karaburun-Akdag, Turkey. In addition, diacetate derivatives of linearol and epicandicandiol were obtained. The antimicrobial activites of all these compounds against the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (ATTC 25923), Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Escherichia coli (ATCC 11230), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) and the fungus Candida albicans (ATCC 90028) were studied. Antimicrobal activity was measured by the well-diffusion method. Except for C. albicans all microorganisms were tested against antibiotic discs in comparison with the studied compounds.     

Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of traditional Thai herbal remedies for aphthous ulcers

Four medicinal plants (Quercus infectoria, Kaempferia galanga, Coptis chinensis and Glycyrrhiza uralensis) as well as one traditional Thai treatment for aphthous ulcers based on these four plants were tested for antimicrobial activity. MIC values for a range of bacteria and Candida albicans were determined, with both type strains and clinical isolates being used. Antioxidant activity was determined using the ABTS radical scavenging assay. Among the four plants, Q. infectoria showed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with an MIC of 0.41 mg/mL, while C. chinensis showed antifungal activity against C. albicans with an MIC of 6.25 mg/mL. Activity was also shown against a range of other organisms including Salmonella typhi, Serratia marcescens, Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis. The antimicrobial activity of the traditional aphthous ulcer preparation (a powder) was comparable to that for the individual plant extracts, however, incorporation of the powder into a gel formulation resulted in the loss of almost all activity. All extracts, with the exception of K. galanga, also showed good antioxidant activity. This study supports the traditional use of these plants and suggests that they may also be useful in the treatment of other infections.     

In vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Royleanone Derivatives Against Gram‐Positive Bacterial Pathogens

Infections caused by multiresistant bacterial pathogens are a significant problem worldwide, turning the search for natural compounds to act as alternatives to antibiotics of major importance. The aim of the present study was to investigate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of 7α‐acetoxy‐6β‐hydroxyroyleanone (1), isolated from Plectranthus grandidentatus (Lamiaceae), and 11 additional royleanone abietane derivatives of 1 (2–12) against important Gram‐positive human bacterial pathogens. Results showed that the aromatic and alkylic esters 2, 3 and 5 are more active than 1 against Enterococcus and Staphylococcus (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 0.98 to 62.50 µg/mL). Moreover, 7α‐acetoxy‐6β‐hydroxy‐12‐O‐(4‐chloro)benzoylroyleanone (2) gave rise to a new antibacterial‐prototype (MIC values of 3.91–15.63 µg/mL against Staphylococcus and of 0.98–3.91 µg/mL against Enterococcus). The results showed that the compounds under analysis also present antimicrobial activity against resistant bacteria. The hydrophobic extra‐interactions with bacterial targets seem to play an important role on the activity of royleanones derivatives. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Antimicrobial activity of terpenoids from Trichodesma amplexicaule Roth

T. amplexicaule Roth. has been investigated phytochemically for biologically active constituents from the benzene extract. This yielded a mixture of terpenoids: beta-sitosterol, alpha-amyrin, lupeol, hexacosanoic acid, ceryl alcohol and hexacosane. The sequential extracts, isolated terpenoids and reference antibiotics were screened for their possible bioactivities against selected pathogenic bacteria, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and fungi, Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium chrysogenum etc. Out of the sequential extracts, the benzene extract was more potent against S. aureus (IZ = 10.36) and R. phaseoli (IZ = 10.69). The inhibition zones of isolated terpenoids were also recorded and the activity index was calculated and it was found that hexacosane was more active (IZ = 13.39) against E. coli and hexacosanoic acid had greater activity against A. flavus (IZ = 11.56). The present study deals with antimicrobial screening of sequential extracts and isolated terpenoids.     

Antimicrobial activity of some Ganoderma species from Nigeria

The crude n-hexane:diethyl ether, chloroform:acetone and methanol extracts of four species of Ganoderma (Ganoderma colossum (Fr.) C. F. Baker, G. resinaceum Boud., G. lucidum (cf.) (Curtis) P. Karst. and G. boninense (cf.) Pat.), from Nigeria, were tested for antimicrobial activity. The three solvent extracts of all the species of Ganoderma were active against Pseudomonas syringae and Bacillus subtilis, whereas none of the extracts were active against Cladosporium herbarum. Preliminary thin layer chromatography chemical tests on these extracts of Ganoderma showed that they contained compounds that stained blue-violet and blue or green when sprayed with anisaldehyde-sulphuric acid or Dragendorff, respectively. The profile of compounds in the extracts showed some variation among the four species.     

3种海绵的抗菌化学成分研究

 目的 研究3种海绵 Igernella mirabilis, Agelas sp., Polycarpa aurata的抗菌化学成分。方法 应用活性跟踪的方法,采用硅胶柱色谱,ODS柱色谱和HPLC进行分离纯化,通过核磁共振波谱和高分辨质谱分析进行结构鉴定。结果 从3种海绵Igernella mirabilis, Agelas sp., Polycarpa aurata各自的CHCl₃-MeOH (1∶1)提取物中分离并鉴定了3个抗菌的活性化合物,并鉴定其结构为：halisulfate 7 (1), agelasine-D (2)和polycarpine(3)。结论 化合物1从海绵Igernella mirabilis首次分离得到,化合物1~3是各自海绵中主要的抗菌化合物, 其中化合物2对新生隐球菌,金黄色葡萄球菌存在良好的抗菌活性,其IC₅₀ / MIC分别为0.76/1.25 mg·L^-1, 0.78/1.25 mg·L^-1,是很有潜力的抗菌先导化合物。
     

Antimicrobial,antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activity of young shoots of the smoke tree,Cotinus coggygria Scop

In this study, we investigated the antimicrobial activity of the young shoots of the smoke tree, Cotinus coggygria Scop., Anacardiaceae. The acetone extract and the derived ethyl acetate fraction effectively inhibited the growth of Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria (MIC 25–200 µg/ml), while the chloroform fraction showed pronounced activity against the yeast Candida albicans (MIC 3.12 µg/ml). The ethyl acetate fraction exhibited a significant ferric‐reducing ability (10.7 mmol Fe²⁺/g extract), a very high DPPH radical scavenging activity (SC₅₀ = 1.7 µg/ml) and inhibition of lipid peroxidation (IC₅₀ = 41.8 µg/ml). High amounts of total phenolics (929.8 mg/g), tannins (833.8 mg/g) and flavonoids (35.5 mg/g) were determined in the ethyl acetate fraction, which also exerted significant anti‐inflammatory (76.7%) and cytotoxic effects (IC₅₀ = 15.6 µg/ml). Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Antimicrobial activity of honokiol and magnolol isolated from Magnolia officinalis

The antimicrobial activity of honokiol and magnolol, the main constituents of Magnolia officinalis was investigated. The antimicrobial activity was assayed by the agar dilution method using brain heart infusion medium and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were determined for each compound using a twofold serial dilution assay. The results showed that honokiol and magnolol have a marked antimicrobial effect (MIC = 25 microg/mL) against Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Micrococcus luteus and Bacillus subtilis, but did not show antimicrobial activity (MIC > or = 100 microg/mL) for Shigella flexneii, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterobacter aerogenes, Proteus vulgaris, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Our results indicate that honokiol and magnolol, although less potent than tetracycline, show a significant antimicrobial activity for periodontal pathogens. Hence we suggest that honokiol and magnolol might have the potential to be an adjunct in the treatment of periodontitis.     

Antimicrobial study of bark from five tree species.

The antimicrobial activities of chloroform, methanol and aqueous extracts of the bark of Gymnanthes lucida, Gliricidia sepium, Lysiloma divaricata, Lysiloma tergemina and Coccolaba cozumelensis were tested against S. lutea, E. coli, S. epidermidis, L. monocytogenes, S. choleraesuis, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, B. pumillus, S. typhimurium, P. vulgaris, V. cholerae and C. albicans. It was found that methanol extracts of the two Lysiloma species and G. sepium had antimicrobial effects against S. epidermidis, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, B. pumillus and V. cholerae at doses of 200 microg. The major inhibitory effect was observed with L. tergemina which showed a bacteriostatic effect on S. epidermidis at doses of 400 microg/mL.     

Antimicrobial activity of crenatine,an alkaloid synthesized from indole

Synthesized crenatine, a B-carboline alkaloid previously isolated from Quassia undulata (Guill & Perr) D. Dietr (Simaroubaceae) is shown to possess antibacterial but no antifungal activity. The activity was tested in vitro against seven Gram-positive, ten Gram-negative bacteria and a yeast at a concentration of 1 mg/mL. The compound was found to be more effective against Gram-positive than Gram-negative bacteria.     

Effect of HD-03, a herbal formulation,on the antioxidant defence system in rats

The effect of HD-03, a herbal formulation was investigated on the hepatocellular antioxidant defence system in CCl₄ treated rats. Three doses of CCl₄ were administered orally with liquid paraffin (1:1) to induce hepatic damage. Twenty four hours after the last dose, blood was collected by decapitation for the estimation of serum ALT and AST. The levels of antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation and glycogen in the liver were estimated. Nineteen days pretreatment with HD-03 (750 mg/kg) significantly reversed CCl₄-induced changes in serum ALT and AST levels. HD-03 pretreatment also significantly reversed the CCl₄-induced changes in the different components of the cellular antioxidant system and lipid peroxidation. Pretreatment with HD-03 significantly restored the hepatic glycogen levels which were depleted in CCl₄ intoxicated rats. The observed reversal produced by HD-03 in the serum AST and ALT may be due to the membrane stabilizing potential which helps in preventing the leakage of intracellular enzymes into the systemic circulation. The increase in the hepatic glycogen levels in HD-03 pretreated rats, indicates its preventive effect on subcellular injury caused by CCl₄, which leads to glycogenolysis, as a result of disturbance in the intracellular Ca⁺² pool. The inhibition of lipid peroxidation and enhancement in the activity of antioxidant enzymes by HD-03 may be due to the direct free radical scavenging activity and reactivation of these enzymes in the liver. Thus the antioxidant potential and inhibitory effect on­lipid peroxidation may play an important role in the antihepatotoxic activity of HD-03. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

滇牡丹内生真菌的分离及其抑菌活性研究

 目的 研究滇牡丹内生真菌的种群组成及其代谢产物的抑菌活性,获得抗菌活性较好的菌株,以寻找新型抗菌物质。方法 采用内生菌常规分离法对健康滇牡丹植株的根、茎、叶进行内生真菌的分离鉴定。以11 种指示菌,采用纸片扩散法对分离获得的内生真菌进行抑菌活性实验。结果 从滇牡丹植物中分离到81株内生真菌,经形态鉴定,分属于19个属。抑菌实验表明,有46株内生真菌对至少1种指示菌有抑制作用,占分离总菌株的56.8%。 结论 滇牡丹内生真菌中存在着丰富的抗菌天然活性物质,可为寻找新型抗菌物质提供资源。