耳前角形切口在髁突骨折切开复位内固定术中的应用

目的:探讨应用耳前角形切口在髁突骨折切开复位内固定术中的应用效果。方法:对78例100侧下颌骨髁突骨折患者采用耳前角形切口术区皮下行肿胀液注射后沿皮下翻瓣在颧弓上方2 cm切开颞深筋膜浅层并沿此层深面剥离到颧弓,分离显露骨折部位,直视下行髁突骨折解剖复位内固定术。结果:术后通过临床及影像学检查随访,效果满意,无严重并发症。结论:耳前角形切口结合皮下肿胀分离技术可为髁突骨折切开复位内固定术提供良好的视野,方便骨折复位固定,安全便捷,值得临床推广。     

双重睑切口在颧额缝骨折内固定入路的临床应用

目的　探讨双重睑切口在颧额缝骨折内固定入路的临床应用效果。方法　选取12例颧骨复合体骨折、骨折段移位明显、伴有面部塌陷或张口受限等功能障碍患者,行局部小切口切开复位内固定术,其中颧额缝采用双重睑切口入路,术后评价骨折复位固定、功能和畸形改善、术后瘢痕等情况。结果　所有骨折复位固定方便,患者颧面部外形满意,功能改善明显,术后瘢痕隐蔽。结论　双重睑切口作为颧骨复合体骨折复位内固定其中的手术入路,既能达到骨折复位,又能减少创伤,具有一定的临床使用价值。     

颞部发际前缘切口在颧骨复合体骨折内固定术中的应用

目的：探讨颞部发际前缘切口在颧骨复合体骨折(ZCF)内固定术中的应用方法、优势和效果。方法：沿颞部发际前缘作纵行切开分离，注意保护跨越颧弓的面神经颧、额支，横向切开颧弓表面深筋膜和骨膜，暴露骨折部位。Al型病例仅采用颞部发际前缘切口，B、C型病例配合眶周及口腔前庭等小切口，利用该切口撬动整个颧骨体复位，重建颧骨体外形轮廓。精确复位后，采用微型钛板作坚强内固定。不作头皮冠状切口。结果：99例107侧ZCF患者术后疗效优良率达86．0％。颞部发际前缘切口均一期愈合。面神经颧、额支麻痹引起的暂时性瘫痪率为24.3％，6个月内全部恢复，无永久性面瘫发生。结论：颞部发际前缘切口具有术野清晰，操作方便，创伤小，出血少，提高复位固定准确性及瘢痕隐蔽等优点。     

C臂机引导下颧弓骨折复位固定术的总结

目的:探讨C臂机引导下切开复位长钛板内固定在颧弓骨折治疗中的应用。方法 :2016-01—2018-06,选取颧骨复合体骨折中非粉碎性颧弓骨折的患者共25人,颧弓复位均在C臂机引导下,经口内切口进行,对于稳定性不佳的5人,附加耳屏前小切口,在颧弓表面行长钛板内固定,术后回访3～6个月。结果:所有患者均Ⅰ期愈合,无面神经损伤,患者对外形及张口度满意,术后CT显示颧弓骨折断端对位理想。结论:C臂机能术中即刻评价复位效果,长钛板具有重塑颧弓外形,支撑面部轮廓的作用。     

颧骨复合体骨折三点固定的临床研究

目的：探讨颧骨复合体骨折复位固定的有效方法。方法：对28例颧骨复合体骨折患者通过冠状切口及上颌前庭切口,暴露眶下缘、眶外侧壁、颧弓以及颧牙槽嵴骨折端,复位后对后3处骨折端行钛接骨板坚固内固定,术后随访3～12个月,对其疗效进行评价。结果：所有患者术后均一期愈合,其面形、咬合功能及局部感觉均获得满意效果。结论：冠状切口联合上颌前庭切口能充分显露颧骨复合体骨折部位,三点固定能有效恢复面部三维结构,减少睑下附加切口的手术操作及并发症。     

口腔颌面部创伤

口腔颌面部创伤诊治专家系统的研制；颞部发际前缘切口在颧骨复合体骨折内固定术中的应用；下颌骨骨折钛板内固定疗效分析；经半冠状切口应用微型钛板治疗颧骨颧弓骨折；下颌骨损伤伴外耳道前壁骨折诊治11例     

颧弓根复位在颧骨复合体骨折治疗中的意义

目的：提出以颧弓根复位作为治疗颧骨复合体骨折的参照标准。方法：14例合并颧弓根骨折的颧骨复合体骨折,首先将颧弓根复位,然后固定其他的骨折线。术后随访6个月,观察面型、颧骨颧弓对称度。结果：患者均切口Ⅰ期愈合;面形恢复满意、两侧对称、开闭口功能正常11例;面形恢复两侧基本对称,开闭口功能正常3例。患者额部和头皮感觉异常2例;头皮秃发瘢痕〉0．5cm者1例。结论：颧弓根首先复位在颧骨复合体骨折治疗中具有重要参照意义,可以依据颧弓根的固定恢复颧弓宽长度及准确复位颧骨。     

经半冠状切口应用微型钛板治疗颧骨颧弓骨折

目的:观察复杂的颧骨颧弓骨折,采用半冠状切口切开复位内固定治疗的临床效果。方法:运用半侧冠状切口入路,于发际后2.0cm左右切口,充分暴露骨折部位,在直视下使骨折处达到解剖复位,用微型钛板固定,从而恢复良好的外形和功能。结果:运用该方法治疗复杂颧骨颧弓骨折患者46例,均Ⅰ期愈合,术后3～6个月复查,两侧面部对称,张口度恢复正常,咬合关系好。X线显示:骨折断端愈合良好,面形和功能恢复理想。结论:半侧冠状切口使术野暴露清楚,在直视下便于操作;切口隐蔽安全,不影响美观,微型钛板固定稳定,组织相容性好,是治疗复杂颧骨颧弓骨折的一种较理想的方法。     

内镜辅助下颧弓骨折切开复位内固定治疗的临床研究

目的探讨内镜辅助下行颧弓骨折复位内固定的相关技术及临床价值。方法选择18例患者,其中单侧颧弓骨折10例,单侧颧骨颧弓骨折8例,均在内镜辅助下经面部小切口暴露颧弓骨折断端,行断端解剖复位后,采用钛板在内镜辅助下进行颧弓骨折坚固内固定,恢复颧弓解剖形态。结果所有病例术后双侧颧部对称,无张口、咀嚼功能障碍及明显并发症发生。面部瘢痕隐蔽,无明显瘢痕畸形。术后CT检查显示颧弓颧骨基本解剖复位,钛板固定位置良好。结论 内镜辅助下经面部小切口行颧弓骨折复位内固定治疗,手术创伤小,骨折复位效果好,并发症少,可作为部分颧弓骨折病例治疗的选择术式。     

改良耳颞-结膜-口内联合切口治疗眼眶-上颌-颧骨、颧弓复合体骨折

目的:探讨对眼眶-上颌-颧骨、颧弓复合体骨折采用改良耳颞-结膜-口内联合切口,行骨折切开复位内固定术。方法:170例患者分为两组:对照组(88例)采用常规冠状-睑下缘-口内联合切口,实验组(82例)采用改良耳颞-结膜-口内联合切口,均行骨折切开复位内固定术。比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、切口长度、术后切口肿胀及瘢痕程度、术后局部积液、面神经及眶下神经功能、耳颞区感觉功能、泪道损伤发生率、下眼睑外翻及颞部凹陷的发生率、骨折复位的效果、患者满意度,综合评价治疗效果。结果:两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、切口平均长度、术后切口肿胀及瘢痕程度、术后局部积液、面神经功能障碍、耳颞区感觉障碍、泪道损伤发生率、下眼睑外翻及面颞部凹陷的发生率、患者满意度比较具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。两组患者眶下神经功能、骨折复位的效果比较无显著性差异。结论:改良耳颞-结膜-口内联合切口具有切口隐蔽,损伤小,并发症少等优点,值得在临床上进一步推广应用。     

Modification of surgical technique in isolated zygomatic arch fracture repair: seven case studies

Closed reduction is applied in most cases of isolated zygomatic arch fracture. Open reduction and internal rigid fixation through a coronal incision have to be performed in other comminuted arch fractures. The authors introduced an endoscopic-assisted approach via a small preauricular incision to achieve reposition and osteosynthesis of isolated zygomatic arch fractures. The endoscopic-assisted surgical technique was performed in 7 patients with unilateral isolated zygomatic arch fractures. Endoscopically controlled management of the isolated zygomatic arch fracture was feasible in all 7 patients. The follow-up period was 1 year. All preauricular scar and facial lateral contour were aesthetically satisfactory. The endoscope-assisted approach via a small preauricular incision can achieve in situ reduction and fixation in zygomatic arch fracture and it should become an integral part of isolated zygomatic fracture repair, assuming the development of specialized training programs and improvements in endoscopes.     

头皮冠状切口不同位置切开骨膜对面神经的影响

目的:研究头皮冠状切口手术时,行表浅肌肉腱膜系统(superficial muscle aponeurotic system,SMAS)下分离,不同位置切开骨膜暴露骨折的位置,对面神经颞支、颧支损伤的影响。方法:对27例面中部骨折行头皮冠状切口患者分别采用,方法Ⅰ:沿SMAS下分离至眶上缘上2cm处和颧弓上1.5cm处,先在此切开骨膜和颞深筋膜浅层,分离暴露骨折;方法Ⅱ:沿SMAS下分离至眶上缘和颧弓处,然后再在眶上缘上2cm和颧弓上1.5cm切开直至暴露骨折;方法Ⅲ:同方法Ⅱ分离至眶上缘及颧弓处并直接切开骨膜,暴露骨折。术后7d、1个月、半年随访,对比三种方法的优劣。结果:方法Ⅱ和方法Ⅲ在术后出现不同程度面神经颞支、颧支受损症状,方法Ⅰ术后未出现面神经损伤症状。结论:头皮冠状切口行SMAS下分离至眶上缘上2cm处和颧弓上1.5cm处,切开暴露骨折,是一种临床安全可行的方法。     

皮下双筋膜切口治疗颧弓M型骨折

目的探讨皮下双筋膜切口治疗颧弓M型骨折的治疗效果。 方法对48例颧弓M型骨折患者于中间骨折线表面顺皮纹作切口,顺表浅肌肉腱膜系统（SMAS）表面分离,确认M两端骨折线位置后,在SMAS表面作2个小切口,先分离、暴露M两端骨折线后再于2个切口间的SMAS下骨面贯通,形成隧道,再暴露M中间骨折线。直视下对颧弓M型骨折进行复位、固定。 结果所有患者手术时间均缩短,均解剖复位,术后无神经损伤。 结论皮下双筋膜切口是治疗颧弓M型骨折较好方法,增大了手术视野,方便了医生操作。     

耳颞切口联合可吸收接骨板治疗颧弓粉碎性骨折——附8例报告

目的：评价耳颞切口联合可吸收板治疗颧弓粉碎性骨折的疗效。方法：采用耳颞切口,显露复位颧弓骨折段后应用可吸收接骨板对8例单纯颧弓粉碎性骨折病例进行坚强内固定,通过面形、张口度、伤口愈合情况及X线片评价手术效果。结果：8例患者除1例术后有轻度张口受限,1例出现暂时性面瘫外,其余均开口度正常,面形对称,切口甲级愈合,手术效果良好。结论：以耳颞切口入路,可吸收接骨板行颧弓骨折坚强内固定,操作简便,损伤小,并发症少,效果良好,是一种较好的颧弓粉碎性骨折治疗方法。     

髁突下骨折手术复位入路的改进

目的：探讨髁突下骨折切开复位内固定的新入路。方法：对6N（8侧）髁突下骨折患者行患侧耳屏前直线切口，顺颞浅静脉表面向下分离，寻找面神经颞面干和颈面干，并对其加以保护后，切开下颌支骨膜，在直视下对骨断端行复位内同定。结果：此手术入路视野好，骨断端暴露充分，便于复位同定。所有病例术后咬合关系良好，无面神经损伤。结论：此手术入路是髁突下骨折切开复位内同定的较好方法。     

Attachment of the deep temporal fascia to the zygomatic arch: an anatomic study

It is generally acknowledged that the superficial layer of the deep temporal fascia attaches to the lateral surface and its deep layer along the medial surface of the zygomatic arch. However, Ramírez asserts that the superficial and the deep layer of the deep temporal fascia fuse consistently approximately 1 cm above the upper ridge of the arch and attach to the outer surface of the arch, blending with the superficial fascia of the masseter muscle. In this study the authors clarify the precise anatomic relations between the fascia and the zygomatic arch. Coronal sections crossing the midpoint between the zygomaticotemporal suture and the tubercle of zygoma were observed grossly and histologically in 32 hemifaces from 16 Korean adult cadavers. This study demonstrates that the superficial and the deep layers of the deep temporal fascial fuse and insert onto the superior margin of the arch in 18 dissections (56%) and insert onto the superolateral surface in 14 dissections (44%). The contacting surface of the fused deep temporal fascia to the periosteum of the zygomatic arch is less than 2 mm. The following route is safer and is recommended for reaching the zygomatic arch region: Just above the split of the deep temporal fascia, a dissection is carried through the deep temporal fasica, continuing downward to the superior margin of the arch along the undersurface of the fascia. At this spot the periosteum of the arch is dissected.     

A study on coronal incision for treating zygomatic complex fractures

Objective  To study the value of coronal incisions for treating zygomatic complex fractures and evaluate the advantages, indications and complications associated with it. Method  In this prospective study, 12 patients were randomly selected regardless of age, sex requiring open reduction and internal fixation of communited zygomatic complex fractures with or without other associated fractures of the midface. Patients were all treated by coronal approach for open reduction and internal fixation of fracture of the zygomatic complex. Other local incisions were used if required. Results  In all cases postoperative complications were relatively minor except in one case were the temporal branch of facial nerve weakness persisted at 3 months. Whereas 5 cases reported with slight weakness of the temporal branch of the facial nerve which resolved at the end of 3 months. The time taken for exposure of the fracture site via the coronal incision had a mean of 28.7 minutes. There were no cases of flap infection and just 1 case of stitch abscess reported. The same case later reported with a hypertrophic scar formation of greater than 0.5cm at 3months. In all other cases scar formation was negligible and well hidden within the hairline. There were no reported cases of paraesthesia at the operated site or hollowing of the temporal fossa. Conclusion  The coronal incision provides excellent access to the zygomatic arch and zygomatic complex, aiding in good anatomical reduction and also has the added advantage of the scar hidden in the hairline. It also has disadvantages like long operating time, risk of facial nerve injury, scarring in patients with male pattern baldness, paraesthesia of operated site etc. Therefore the incision should be judiciously used and not overused and indications strictly applied.     

A preauricular long-corniform approach for open reduction and internal fixation of mandibular condylar fractures

IntroductionWe report functional and clinical outcomes following use of a preauricular long-corniform incision for open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of mandibular condylar fractures.Materials and methodsPatients with mandibular condylar fractures who underwent ORIF via a 120° preauricular long-corniform incision were included in the study. A total of 78 patients (100 condyles) were included. Follow-up occurred 10 days and 1–6 months after surgery, and included assessments of clinical, functional outcome, complications, and bone fusion.ResultsThere were 38 high neck, 26 low base, and 35 diacapitular condylar fractures. All measures of functional outcome significantly improved over time after surgery regardless of fracture type (all P < 0.001). The vast majority of patients in all fracture type groups had good occlusion (≥88.5%), no pain (≥89.5%), and anatomical reduction 10 days after surgery (≥81.6%). Fracture healing was complete in all patients after 6 months. There were no long-term complications and all patients were satisfied with their postoperative appearance.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that a preauricular long-corniform incision provides a good visual field during surgery, and allows for effective ORIF of mandibular high neck, low base, and diacapitular condylar fractures, with positive outcomes and minimal postoperative complications.