腹主动脉瘤破裂行腔内修复术1例

患者女,80岁,因急性脑梗死伴腹痛9h入院。查体:下腹部左侧触及6～7cm搏动性包块,右侧中枢性面瘫,右上肢肌力0级,疼痛刺激无反应,右下肢外旋,可屈曲,无自主运动;左侧肢体肌力Ⅳ级,左侧Babinski征阳性,右侧病理征未引出。既往有糖尿病、高血压及腹主动脉瘤病史。     

腹主动脉瘤的血管腔内治疗

目的 探讨腹主动脉瘤(AAA)血管腔内治疗后的短期临床效果.方法 回顾性分析2009年4月～2010年7月我科收治的8例AAA患者的临床资料.结果 患者均接受血管腔内治疗,手术成功率7/8,死亡1人.5例植入分叉型支架,2例植入直型支架,1例支架释放不成功.1例术后第2天右髂动脉支架折叠成角,远端血栓形成,给予局部溶栓成功后第3天血栓再次形成,急诊行左股－右股动脉旁路转流术.1例术后第2天出现急性肾功能不全,2个月后出现结肠缺血表现,给予对症治疗后好转.1例术中主体支架释放不成功,急诊行开腹手术,取出支架,行AAA修补术,术后第2天因呼吸循环衰竭死亡.随访1～16个月,中位随访时间5个月,至最后一次随访(死亡)时止,无内漏发生,无支架明显移位及动脉瘤腔内血栓形成.结论 AAA血管腔内治疗后的短期临床疗效满意,远期疗效有待进一步随访.     

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应用跨肾动脉支架人工血管腔内修复术治疗腹主动脉瘤,并探讨其手术适应证,操作要点及并发症的预防。方法对２例病人采用全麻,在动态数字减影血管造影监测下用跨肾动脉支架分叉型人工血管对腹主动脉瘤进行了腔内修复术,结果手术中ＤＳＡ提示动脉瘤消失,无内漏发生。术后１周及分别随访３和９个月,螺旋ＣＴ检查提示腔内人工血管无移位扭曲,血流通畅无内漏发生,结论腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术手术创伤小,病人恢复快,跨肾动支架人工     

覆膜支架腔内隔绝和开腹手术治疗腹主动脉瘤破裂疗效比较

目的比较开腹手术和腔内隔绝术治疗腹主动脉瘤破裂的手术效果。方法 2000年3月-2011年7月,收治48例腹主动脉瘤破裂患者,其中40例行腹动脉瘤切除、人工血管移植术治疗(开腹组),8例行覆膜支架腔内隔绝术治疗(腔内隔绝组)。两组患者性别、年龄、瘤颈长度≤2 cm构成比、瘤颈成角≥60°构成比、髂外动脉严重扭曲构成比、术前收缩压、术前合并症组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。术后对两组患者输血量、手术时间、重症监护时间、术后并发症、二期手术率、术后24 h内死亡率和术后30 d内死亡率进行比较。结果两组术后24 h死亡率、术后30 d死亡率以及非移植物相关并发症发生率比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);但组间手术时间、输血量、重症监护时间、二期手术率及移植物相关并发症发生率比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论腔内隔绝术对解剖条件良好的腹主动脉瘤破裂患者是一种可行的手术方式,在输血量、手术时间、重症监护时间方面与传统开腹手术相比具有明显优势。     

Racial disparities in presentation and outcomes for endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair

ObjectiveIn the present study, we used a national database to identify racial differences in the presentation and outcomes for patients undergoing endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair (EVAR) and identified areas for improving their care.MethodsWe queried the EVAR-targeted National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database (2016-2019) to identify patients who had undergone EVAR for both ruptured and nonruptured AAAs. The patients were categorized according to race (White, Black, and Asian). Patients with a history of abdominal aortic surgery or an indication other than AAAs were excluded. The data was analyzed using the χ² and Kruskal-Wallis tests, presented as frequencies and percentages or median and interquartile range (IQR) for categorical and continuous variables, respectively.ResultsWe identified 3629 patients (16.6% female), including 3312 White (91.3%), 248 Black (6.8%), and 69 Asian (1.9%) patients. Black patients were more frequently women (27.0%) compared with White patients (15.9%) and were younger (median age, 71 years; IQR, 64-77 years) than White (median age, 73 years; IQR, 67-79 years) and Asian (median age, 76 years; IQR, 67-81 years) patients (P < .001 for both). The incidence of smoking, congestive heart failure, and dialysis dependency was highest for Black patients, and the incidence of obesity was lowest for Asian patients. The AAAs in Black patients extended more frequently beyond the aortic bifurcation (P = .047). In Asian patients, the internal iliac arteries were more involved (P = .040). For Black patients, 29.8% of the EVARs were performed in a nonelective setting compared with 20.2% for the White and 15.9% for the Asian patients (P < .001). The aneurysm diameter, nonruptured symptomatic rate, and rupture rate were similar across the groups (P = .807). The operative time was prolonged for Black (median, 128 minutes; IQR, 96-177 minutes) compared with White (median, 114 minutes; IQR, 84-162 minutes) patients (P < .001). Postoperatively, Black patients were more likely to require blood transfusion (16.5%) and had prolonged length of hospital stay (median, 2 days; IQR, 1-4 days) compared with White (10.0%; median, 1 day; IQR, 1-3 days) and Asian (4.3%; median, 1 day; IQR, 1-3 days) patients (P = .001 and P < .001, respectively). Black patients also had a higher 30-day readmission rate (P = .038). On multivariate analysis, Black race was an independent factor for length of stay >1 day after both elective and nonelective EVAR and 30-day readmission for elective EVAR, but not 30-day mortality after elective and nonelective EVAR.ConclusionsIn the present nationwide sample of EVAR cases, Black patients were more often women and younger. Despite similar rates of symptomatic and ruptured AAAs at presentation and 30-day mortality, Black patients more often presented and were treated during the same nonelective admission; they also had associated increased length of hospital stay and readmission. These findings signal a missed opportunity to diagnose, optimize, and treat this particular group of patients in an elective setting.     

腹主动脉瘤腔内隔绝术后支架内急性血栓形成闭塞1例

<正>患者男,68岁,体检发现腹主动脉瘤,左肾动脉狭窄9个月。查体:脐周偏右可触及搏动性包块,呈橄榄型,约5cm×13cm。腹主动脉CTA:动脉粥样硬化,腹主动脉瘤(肾下型)伴附壁血栓形成,左肾动脉起始部中度狭窄伴局限性混合斑块(图1)。入院后全麻行腹主动脉瘤覆膜支架腔内隔绝术,主体支架24mm×12mm×170mm,右髂支16 mm×12 mm×100mm。先用4.5 mm×12.0mm球囊预扩张左肾动脉狭窄处,在其内保留导丝;释放主动     

腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术后各型内漏相关性分析（附272例报告）

目的: 探讨腹主动脉瘤（abdominal aortic aneurysm, AAA）腔内修复术后发生内漏的危险因素。方法: 回顾性分析2014年1月至2015年10月272例AAA病人行腔内修复术的临床资料和术后3、6、12、24、36个月随访结果。分析腔内修复术后各型内漏发生率及其与临床特征、支架类型、动脉瘤颈结构的关系。结果: 272例病人腔内修复术后内漏总发生率为15.8%(43/272),其中Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ或Ⅳ型以及张力性内漏（Ⅴ型）的发生率分别为7.4%(20/272)、6.3%(17/272)、1.5%(4/272)和0.7%(2/272)。Ⅰ型内漏多在随访3个月时发现,而其他类型内漏在随访12个月或更晚发现。动脉瘤近端瘤颈短（<1.5 cm）、重度扭曲（>45°）、形状不规则或钙化程度高（>25%）与Ⅰa型内漏发生显著相关（P<0.05）。持续通畅的肠系膜下动脉以及存在≥2根罪犯血管是Ⅱ型内漏发生的危险因素（P<0.05）。年龄、美国麻醉医师协会（American Society of Anesthesiologists, ASA）病情分级、吸烟以及合并高血压、糖尿病、冠心病、肺部疾病等对内漏发生率无影响。不同类型的人工血管支架对内漏发生有显著影响（P=0.047）。与其他类型支架相比,Endurant支架的内漏发生率最低（10.7%）。结论: 制定腔内修复手术方案时,应充分评估AAA的特征和内漏风险,以期达到较好的疗效。     

Outcomes associated with hyperglycemia after abdominal aortic aneurysm repair

Objective

We evaluated the association between postoperative hyperglycemia and outcomes after abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair.

Midterm results of endovascular aneurysm sealing to treat abdominal aortic aneurysm

Background

Endovascular aneurysm sealing (EVAS) represents a novel approach to the treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms. It uses polymer technology to achieve an anatomic seal within the sac of the aneurysm. This cohort study reports the early clinical outcomes, technical refinements, and learning curve during the initial EVAS experience at a single institution.

腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术后髂支闭塞的危险因素分析

目的探讨腹主动脉瘤腔内修复手术(endovascular repair,EVAR)后髂支闭塞的危险因素。方法对2008年1月至2018年3月在新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院诊治的146例腹主动脉瘤EVAR病人的临床资料进行回顾性分析,按髂支闭塞情况分为闭塞组和非闭塞组,在单因素分析后,行多因素Logistic回归分析。结果 146例病人术后髂支闭塞17例(11.6%),两组间差异有检验效应(P<0.05)的因素为:合并高脂血症、慢性支气管炎,中性粒细胞百分比,活化部分凝血活酶时间,凝血酶比率,手术入路为切开显露,手术时间(min),右髂总动脉直径分层(≤12 mm、12～16 mm、≥16 mm),髂动脉狭窄或钙化≥50%,髂动脉扭曲成角≥60°,术后髂动脉流出道狭窄,髂内动脉流出道闭塞,支架远端延伸到髂外动脉。行多因素Logistic回归分析,EVAR术后髂支闭塞危险因素(OR>1)为:髂动脉狭窄或钙化≥50%[OR=7.727,95%CI(1.045,57.149),P=0.045];髂动脉扭曲成角≥60°[OR=5.258,95%CI(1.055,26.198),P=0.0...     

Mortality analysis of endovascular aneurysm sealing versus endovascular aneurysm repair

BackgroundEndovascular aneurysm sealing (EVAS), using the Nellix endovascular aneurysm sealing system, has been associated with high reintervention and migration rates. However, prior reports have suggested that EVAS might be related to a lower all-cause mortality compared with endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). In the present study, we examined the 5-year all-cause mortality trends after EVAS and EVAR.MethodsWe compared the 333 EVAS patients in the EVAS-1 Nellix U.S. investigational device exemption trial with 16,497 infrarenal EVAR controls from the Vascular Quality Initiative, treated between 2014 and 2016, after applying the exclusion criteria from the investigational device exemption trial (ie, hemodialysis, creatinine >2.0 mg/dL, rupture). As a secondary analysis, we stratified the patients by aneurysm diameter (<5.5 cm and ≥5.5 cm). We calculated propensity scores after adjusting for demographics, comorbidities, and anatomic characteristics and applied inverse probability weighting to compare the risk-adjusted long-term mortality using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses.ResultsAfter weighting, the EVAS group had experienced similar 5-year mortality compared with the controls from the Vascular Quality Initiative (EVAS vs EVAR, 18% vs 14%; hazard ratio [HR], 1.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.71-1.7; P = .70). The subgroup analysis demonstrated that for patients with an aneurysm diameter of <5.5 cm, EVAS was associated with higher 5-year mortality compared with EVAR (19% vs 11%; HR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.7-4.7; P = .013). In patients with an aneurysm diameter of ≥5.5 cm, EVAS was associated with lower mortality within the first 2 years (2-year mortality: HR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.13-0.62; P = .002). However, compared with EVAR, EVAS was associated with higher mortality between 2 and 5 years (HR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.2-3.0; P = .005), with no mortality difference at 5 years (18% vs 17%; HR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.4-1.4; P = .46).ConclusionsWithin the overall population, EVAS was associated with similar 5-year mortality compared with EVAR. EVAS was associated with higher mortality for those with small aneurysms (<5.5 cm). For those with larger aneurysms (≥5.5 cm), EVAS was initially associated with lower mortality within the first 2 years, although this advantage was lost thereafter, with higher mortality after 2 years. Future studies are required to evaluate the specific causes of death and to elucidate the potential beneficial mechanism behind sac obliteration that leads to this potential initial survival benefit. This could help guide the development of future grafts with better proximal fixation and sealing that also incorporate sac obliteration.     

肾动脉下腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术42例分析

目的 探讨肾动脉下腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术的价值。方法 中山大学附属第一医院自2001年12月至2005年4月．共手术治疗42例肾动脉下腹主动脉瘤病人。采用单侧或双侧股动脉入路植入带膜支架对肾动脉下腹主动脉瘤进行腔内修复。结果42例肾动脉下腹主动脉瘤病人接受了血管腔内修复术，手术全部成功。围手术期死亡2例，其中1例为术前腹主动脉瘤破裂休克时间较长，已经合并急性肾功能不全；另1例为术后出现脑血管意外，2例均在术后3d死亡。其余40例随访1-40个月，全部存活。结论 肾动脉下腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术是一种安全、有效的治疗方法，长期疗效仍有待进一步观察。     

Simple renal cyst and its association with sac shrinkage after endovascular aneurysm repair for abdominal aortic aneurysms

ObjectivePatients with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) frequently have simple renal cyst (SRC), a common manifestation of connective tissue degeneration. This study aimed to determine whether SRC is a risk factor for failure of sac shrinkage after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR).MethodsBetween October 2013 and May 2017, there were 155 consecutive patients with an infrarenal AAA or a common iliac artery aneurysm who underwent EVAR with the GORE C3 Excluder (W. L. Gore & Associates, Flagstaff, Ariz) at Tokyo Medical University Hospital. All these patients were registered in a prospectively maintained database. Any kidney lesion >5 mm in diameter, with no evidence of contrast enhancement or septation and with low attenuation, was defined as SRC. A change in sac size of >5 mm from baseline was considered significant. The patients were divided into those with SRC and those without SRC, and sac shrinkage at 1 year and 2 years was compared. The presence of SRC was assessed with respect to being a risk factor for failure of sac shrinkage at 1 year using univariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe patients were divided into two groups: those with SRC (92 patients [59.0%]) and those without SRC (63 patients [41.0%]). At 1 year and 2 years, significant differences were observed in the proportion of sac shrinkage between patients with SRC and those without SRC (19.2% vs 42.4% [P = .003] and 19.6% vs 53.3% [P = .001], respectively). Patients with SRC showed significantly less sac shrinkage than those without SRC at 1 year and 2 years (−2.0 ± 5.5 mm vs −4.4 ± 6.2 mm [P = .002] and −1.8 ± 6.3 mm vs −6.4 ± 8.6 mm [P = .005], respectively). Multivariable analysis demonstrated that SRC (odds ratio, 0.28; 95% confidence interval, 0.12-0.63; P = .002) and initial sac size (odds ratio, 1.05; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.09; P = .027) were positive and negative risk factors for sac shrinkage, respectively.ConclusionsThe presence of SRC is a risk factor for failure of sac shrinkage after EVAR. This suggests that AAA in patients with SRC has a more degenerated wall than in those without SRC. The property of the aneurysm wall may be associated with sac shrinkage after EVAR.     

Propensity score analysis in observational studies: outcomes after abdominal aortic aneurysm repair

OBJECTIVE: Large databases composed of well-designed prospectively collected cohort data provide an opportunity to examine and compare healthcare treatments in actual clinical practice settings. Because the analysis of these data often leads to a retrospective cohort design, it is essential to adequately adjust for lack of balance in patient characteristics when making treatment comparisons. We used matched propensity scoring in a cohort of patients undergoing elective aneurysm repair as an illustrative example of this important statistical method that adjusts for baseline characteristics and selection bias by matching covariables. METHODS: By using prospectively collected clinical data from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program of the Department of Veterans Affairs, we studied 30-day mortality, 1-year survival, and postoperative complications in 1904 patients who underwent elective AAA repair (endovascular aneurysm repair [EVAR], n=717 (37.7%); open aneurysm repair, n=1187 [62.3%]) at 123 Veterans Health Administration's hospitals between May 1, 2001, and September 30, 2003. In bivariate analysis, patient characteristics and operative and hospital variables were associated with both type of surgery and outcomes of surgery. Therefore, the predicted probability of receiving EVAR was tabulated for all patients by using multiple logistic regression to control for 32 independent demographic and clinical characteristics and then stratified into 5 groups. Patients were matched within strata based on similar levels of the independent measures (a propensity score technique), creating a pseudo-randomized control design. The proportion of patients with the morbidity and mortality outcomes was then compared between the EVAR and open procedures within strata to control for selection. RESULTS: Patients undergoing EVAR had significantly lower unadjusted 30-day (3.1% versus 5.6%, P=.01) and 1-year mortality (8.7% versus 12.1%, P=.018) than patients undergoing open repair. By using propensity scoring, the proportions of EVAR patients experiencing 30-day mortality were equal or less than patients undergoing open procedures for all levels of probability and decreased as the probability of EVAR increased. Furthermore, propensity scoring also showed that patients having EVAR had lower 1-year mortality and experienced fewer perioperative complications. CONCLUSIONS: We used a propensity score approach to examine outcomes after elective AAA repair to statistically control for many factors affecting both treatment selection and outcome. Patients who underwent elective EVAR had substantially lower perioperative mortality and morbidity rates compared with patients having open repair, which was not explained solely by patient selection in an observational dataset.     

Outcomes of open repair of postdissection abdominal aortic aneurysms

BackgroundEvidence to guide management of postdissection abdominal aortic aneurysms (PDAAA) is lacking. This study describes the outcomes of open repair of PDAAA.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted of all consecutive patients treated with open repair for PDAAA after a Stanford type A or type B thoracic aortic dissection between January 2006 and December 2017 in two vascular referral centers. Preceding type B dissection treatment could include conservative or surgical management. Primary outcomes were 30-day mortality, complication rates, survival, and reintervention-free survival. Survival and reintervention-free survival were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Reintervention was defined as any endovascular or surgical intervention after the index procedure.ResultsIncluded were 36 patients (27 men [75%]) with a median age of 64 years (range, 35-81 years). The 30-day mortality was 2.7%. The median follow-up was 16 months (range, 0-88 months). The postoperative course was uneventful in 21 patients (58%). The most frequent complications were postoperative bleeding requiring repeat laparotomy (n = 4), pneumonia (n = 3), congestive heart failure (n = 2), new-onset atrial fibrillation (n = 2), mesenteric ischemia requiring left hemicolectomy (n=1), and ischemic cerebrovascular accident (n = 1). Renal failure requiring hemodialysis developed in one patient. The overall survival at 1 year was 88.8%. Reintervention-free survival was 95.5% after 1 year and 88.6% after 2 years.ConclusionsOpen repair of PDAAA can be performed with a low mortality rate and an acceptable complication rate, comparable with elective open repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms without dissection.