基于扩散张量成像对颈椎源性疼痛患者脑白质微结构异常的研究

目的 采用基于纤维束的空间统计方法(TBSS)检测颈椎源性疼痛(CSP)患者的脑白质微结构异常。方法 对45例CSP患者(患者组)和45名性别、年龄匹配的健康志愿者(对照组)进行全脑扩散张量成像(DTI)扫描,应用FSL软件中的TBSS方法对患者组和对照组的DTI数据集进行分析,探索两组间各向异性分数(FA)、平均扩散系数(MD)、径向扩散系数(RD)和轴向扩散系数(AD)具有统计学差异的脑区。同时,将上述DTI参数与CSP患者的各项临床指标进行相关分析。结果 与对照组相比,CSP患者胼胝体、前放射冠、左侧上纵束的FA值存在不同程度降低,同时,患者组的胼胝体、丘脑后辐射、内囊、前后及上放射冠、双侧上纵束均表现出MD值和RD值升高,而AD值在两组间无统计学差异。此外,CSP患者胼胝体膝部的FA值与视觉模拟评分(VAS)呈线性负相关(r=-0.458,P<0.01),左侧上纵束的MD值与VAS呈正相关(r=0.495,P<0.01)。结论 CSP患者部分白质纤维束呈现出FA值降低合并MD值和RD值同时升高,特定脑区的FA值和MD值与疼痛强度密切相关,提示相应DTI参数可能成为评...     

急性CO中毒迟发性脑病的MRI表现

目的：探讨急性CO中毒迟发性脑病（DEACMP）的MRI特征。方法：回顾性分析21例急性CO中毒迟发性脑病患者的MRI和临床资料。结果：急性CO中毒迟发性脑病MRI表现可分为3种：①神经核团受累：21例,典型表现为双侧苍白球对称性的长T1、长T2信号;②脑白质受累：11例,表现为双侧大脑半球白质对称云絮状长T1、长T2信号,胼胝体常受累;③皮层受累：6例,表现为双侧大脑半球皮层对称性弥漫长T1、长T2信号。结论：急性CO中毒迟发性脑病MRI表现有一定特征性,MRI对急性CO中毒迟发性脑病的诊断、鉴别诊断、判断预后具有重要价值。     

高原和平原地区健康成人脑白质扩散张量成像TBSS分析

目的 采用扩散张量成像(DTI)及基于纤维束追踪空间统计分析(TBSS)研究平原与高原健康成人的脑白质微细结构差异.方法 对16名高原健康成人和与之年龄、受教育程度相匹配的20名平原健康成人行DTI检查,应用TBSS方法分析两组受检者脑白质纤维DTI的相关参数:各向异性分数(FA)、轴向扩散系数(AD)、平行扩散系数(RD)、平均扩散系数(MD).对两组各项参数进行比较.结果 与平原组比较,高原组在胼胝体体部、胼胝体压部、胼胝体膝部、两侧上纵束、两侧上放射冠、右侧内囊前肢、内囊豆状核后肢、右侧丘脑辐射线(包括视辐射线)的AD值显著增高(P＜0.05,FWE校正);MD值显著升高的脑区是胼胝体体部、右侧上纵束、右侧上放射冠、右侧内囊前肢(P＜0.05,FWE校正);RD值显著升高的脑区是胼胝体体部、右侧上纵束.结论 通过DTI及TBSS分析,高原健康成人相对于平原健康成人脑白质纤维存在差异.     

急性一氧化碳中毒脑损伤的磁共振扩散张量成像

目的：利用磁共振扩散张量成像(DTI )评估急性一氧化碳(CO)中毒患者的脑结构损伤情况。方法25例急性(5.0 d±1.44 d) CO 中毒患者和37例性别、年龄、利手、受教育程度匹配的健康志愿者进行 DTI 扫描,获得扩散张量纤维束成像(DTT)图像,并分别测量双侧小脑半球(齿状核)、黑质、海马、额叶白质(侧脑室前角前下方、侧脑室体部上方)、尾状核头、苍白球、丘脑、内囊前肢、内囊后肢、枕叶白质(视中枢)、顶叶白质(侧脑室体部上方)及胼胝体膝部、压部共26个感兴趣(ROI)的各向异性分数(FA)值和表观扩散系数(ADC)值,进行组间配对 t 检验。结果病患组双侧苍白球、双侧内囊前肢、双侧黑质、右侧小脑、左侧额叶下部白质、右额叶上下部白质、胼胝体膝部的 FA 值显著低于对照组(P <0.05)。病患组右侧黑质、左侧苍白球的 ADC 值显著降低(P <0.05),病患组右额叶上下部白质及双侧枕叶白质 ADC 值显著升高(P <0.05)。结论急性 CO 中毒患者广泛脑微结构受损,提示脑微结构的原发损伤可能是 CO 中毒迟发性脑病潜在的病理生理基础。     

磁共振扩散张量成像在评估帕金森病脑内白质改变中的应用

目的 利用磁共振扩散张量成像技术(diffusion tensor imaging,DTI)评价帕金森病患者脑白质纤维束与正常老年组间的差异.方法 对23例临床诊断为原发性帕金森病(Parkinson's disease, PD)患者和相匹配的22例正常老年人行DTI成像,采用人工勾画感兴趣区(region of interest,ROI)的方法在DTI参数图,包括部分各向异性图(fractional anisotropy,FA)和平均扩散系数图(mean diffusivity,MD)上测量脑内主要白质纤维束的FA值及MD值,采用t检验的方法进行组间比较.结果 PD组双侧钩束、后扣带束及上纵束的FA值低于对照组(P＜0.05),双侧后扣带束及右侧上纵束的MD值高于正常组(P＜0.05).结论 PD的病理改变不仅存在于黑质纹状体系统,也累及白质纤维.     

一氧化碳中毒迟发性脑病的MRI表现

目的:研究一氧化碳(CO)中毒迟发性脑病的MRI特征.方法:回顾性分析32例CO中毒迟发性脑病患者的MRI和临床资料.结果:CO中毒迟发性脑病MRI表现可分为三型:①神经核团受累型;②脑白质受累型;③皮层受累型.MRI特征:苍白球为对称性的卵圆形长T1、长T2信号,皮层下白质为对称性的弥漫、模糊云雾状长T1、长T2信号,侧脑室周围、半卵圆中心白质亦为对称云絮状长T1、长T2信号,胼胝体常受累.MRI显示苍白球合并脑白质受累者及皮层受累者,临床表现较重.结论:CO中毒迟发性脑病MRI表现有一定特征性,且能反应其病理过程,并对CO中毒迟发性脑病的诊断和评价临床表现、预后均有意义.     

CO中毒及所致的DEACMP患者脑电图改变的临床意义

目的探讨一氧化碳(CO)中毒及所致的迟发性脑病(DEACMP)发生前后脑电图(EEG)相关变化及临床意义。方法对我院2008~2013年确诊的84例CO中毒患者EEG进行回顾性分析,其中56例出现CO中毒后迟发性脑病,对比其中毒期和迟发性脑病发生后的EEG变化。结果 CO中毒患者EEG异常率为85.7%,DEACMP患者EEG异常率为66.7%;EEG异常程度与患者中毒昏迷时间、年龄、有无并发症、发病前有无既往史、病情严重程度、首次行高压氧(HBO)治疗时间和HBO疗程长短高度相关,并且EEG异常程度越重,其预后越差。结论 EEG对CO中毒的早期诊断、预后判断、脑损伤程度及预测迟发性脑病的发生方面具有重要价值。     

基于纤维束空间统计分析多参数DTI在遗忘型轻度认知障碍的应用

目的:采用基于纤维束空间统计分析(TBSS)的方法分析遗忘型轻度认知障碍(aMCI)患者DTI多参数图,以研究其全脑白质纤维束损害的特点以及可能的病理机制。方法:选取29例aMCI患者和30名正常老年人(正常对照组),对全脑进行1.5T磁共振DTI序列扫描。采用FSL软件对被试的DTI扫描数据进行预处理后对aMCI组、正常对照组的部分各向异性、平均弥散、轴向弥散、径向弥散图进行基于体素的全脑非参数统计学比较。结果:与正常对照组比较,aMCI组的双侧皮质脊髓束、双侧扣带束中部、双侧胼胝体、左侧内囊前肢、左侧外囊、双侧下额枕束、左侧上纵束、左侧膝状体内视路、右侧钩束、右侧视放射出现FA值减低;胼胝体膝部及体部、左侧皮质脊髓束、左侧内囊前后肢、左侧外囊、左侧上纵束出现MD值增加;DR值增高的区域与FA值类似;DA图未发现异常;左侧白质改变多于右侧。aMCI组全脑白质各参数图与简易智能精神状态检查量表(MMSE)评分没有相关性。结论:相对于正常老年人,aMCI患者脑内多发纤维束出现损害,其DTI多参数图改变特点提示白质纤维束的损害可能主要是由退行性改变(retrogenesis)导致的。DTI各参数图的改变可能无法反映患者总体认知功能障碍的严重程度,但这还需要进一步的大样本研究。     

MRI及DTI直方图分析对皮质下血管性认知功能障碍的评价作用

目的:利用常规MRI和扩散张量成像(DTI)直方图分析,明确血管性认知损害(VCI)患者的脑部病变严重程度评分、DTI直方图指标与简易智能量表(MMSE)间的关系.方法:对19例VCI患者、24例中风后无认知功能障碍患者(Stroke 组)行常规MRI和DTI检查,各组之间性别、年龄和受教育程度相匹配.计算T2WI可见病变体积、脑白质内高信号病灶的评分(General WMH评分),而全脑各向异性分数(FA)和平均扩散率(MD)图像分析.结果:VCI患者的FA和ADC直方图与Stroke 组不同,VCI患者平均全脑平均FA值降低,FA峰高增高.VCI组平均General WMH 评分、平均FA值、FA峰高和FA峰位置与MMSE评分相关.结论:VCI患者皮质下白质病变的严重程度与认知功能损害程度有关,全脑DTI 直方图分析较常规MRI具有更好的客观性和可重复性,某些指标可用于评价疾病的严重程度.     

急性兔脑缺血模型MR扩散张量成像的实验研究

目的探讨实验性急性兔脑缺血磁共振扩散张量成像(DTI)改变。材料与方法建立兔急性脑缺血模型,常规行T2WI、DWI、DTI检查,测量比较缺血灶和正常对照侧的平均扩散系数(ADC)值、各向异性分数(FA)值,分析彩色FA图和脑白质纤维束示踪图。结果通过比较缺血灶与正常对照侧ADC值和FA值,两者的差别有统计学意义,且病灶侧明显减低。脑白质纤维束示踪图显示病灶白质束表现为缺失、断离、稀疏,邻近白质纤维束受压。结论DTI不仅可以准确评价急性期脑缺血的灰质、白质内水分子扩散各向异性改变的特点,并且脑白质纤维束示踪图可以清楚地显示出病灶远端神经束走向改变及其完整性。本实验通过研究兔急性脑缺血模型的DTI特点,为脑缺血性疾病的研究提供了可靠的动物模型和实验理论依据。     

Voxel-based diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of low-grade hepatic encephalopathy

PURPOSE: To quantify the changes in brain water diffusivity in hepatic encephalopathy (HE) associated with cirrhosis using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and to correlate with neuropsychological (NP) scores. MATERIALS AND METHODS: DTI was performed in 14 patients with low-grade HE and age/gender-comparable 16 healthy controls. Whole brain mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA) maps were calculated, normalized to common space, smoothed, and compared voxel-by-voxel between groups using analysis of covariance with age included as a covariate. The average MD and FA values were also calculated from individual subjects for selected brain regions and correlated with the neuropsychological scores. RESULTS: Patients with HE showed increased MD in the cortical gray and white matter and the internal capsule. Less extensive brain regions with decreased FA were observed in the bilateral frontal and occipital white matter. MD values from the corpus callosum correlated inversely with several NP scores among HE patients and controls. Positive correlations were observed with FA values and cognitive scores. CONCLUSION: Voxel-based DTI analysis showed widespread brain regions with increased MD values, indicating enhanced water content and decreased FA in cirrhotic patients with HE. The MD and FA values from selected regions correlated with the NP scores.     

多发性硬化的正常表现脑白质的DTI定量

目的：应用磁共振弥散张量成像（DTI）技术，定量研究多发性硬化（MS）患者在常规磁共振上表现正常的脑白质（NAWM），以及探讨其相关的微观病理改变。材料和方法：采用3．0T磁共振仪，对34例Ms患者和25例性别年龄相匹配的正常志愿者均进行DTI检查。分别测量MS组和对照组的9个不同部位脑白质的平均弥散率（MD）和部分各向异性指数（FA值），这9个部位包括胼胝体膝部、体部、压部、内囊后肢、侧脑室旁白质、额叶白质、顶叶白质、枕叶白质以及小脑中脚。比较两组NAWM之间的MD和FA值是否存在差异。结果：MS组的NAWM的MD值均高于对照组（P〈0．05），以胼胝体体部、内囊、侧脑室旁及额叶白质、顶叶白质、枕叶白质更为显著（P〈0．01）；MS组的FA值与对照组比较，胼胝体体部、顶叶白质、额叶白质、枕叶白质及内囊、侧脑室旁发现明显降低（P〈0．05），以后4个部位更为显著（P〈0．01），而胼胝体膝部、压部和小脑结合臂有降低趋势，但无统计学意义。结论：应用DTI定量研究可以探测到多发性硬化的NAWM所出现的微观病理改变，表现为水分子的平均弥散幅度明显升高，以幕上明显，并且胼胝体体部、内囊后肢等白质纤维明显失去正常的方向性。DTI在对白质损伤程度的量化评估中具有重要的价值。     

Diffusion tensor imaging in the assessment of normal-appearing brain tissue damage in relapsing neuromyelitis optica

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Normal-appearing brain tissue (NABT) damage was established in multiple sclerosis by histology, MR spectroscopy, magnetization transfer imaging and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). However, whether this phenomenon can be detected in relapsing neuromyelitis optica (RNMO) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to use DTI to investigate the presence of NABT damage in RNMO patients and its possible mechanism. METHODS: Conventional MR imaging and DTI scans were performed in 16 patients with RNMO without visible lesions on brain MR imaging and in 16 sex- and age-matched healthy control subjects. Histogram analysis of mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA) was performed in the entire brain tissue (BT), white matter (WM), and gray matter (GM). Region of interest (ROI) analysis of MD and FA was also performed in WM regions connected with the spinal white matter tracts or optic nerve (including medulla oblongata, cerebral peduncle, internal capsule, and optic radiation), in corpus callosum without direct connection with them, and in some GM regions. RESULTS: From histogram analysis, we found the RNMO group had a higher average MD of the BT, WM, and GM, a lower average MD peak height and a higher average MD peak location of the GM, and a higher average FA peak height of the WM than did the control group. From ROI analysis, compared with control subjects, RNMO patients had a higher average MD and a lower average FA in ROIs of WM connected with the spinal white matter tracts or optic nerve and a normal average MD and FA in corpus callosum without direct connection with them. In addition, a high average MD was found in parietal GM in these patients. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings confirm the presence of abnormal diffusion in brain tissue in patients with RNMO and suggest that secondary degeneration caused by lesions in the spinal cord and optic nerve might be an important mechanism for this abnormality.     

轻型创伤性脑损伤脑白质纤维束扩散张量成像研究

目的：使用3.0T 磁共振扩散张量成像(DTI)技术观察轻型创伤性脑损伤(mTBI)患者脑白质纤维束的改变,探讨 DTI对 mTBI 的临床诊断价值。方法选取30例 mTBI 患者及30例健康对照者分别进行常规 CT、MRI 及 DTI 检查,分别测量 mTBI患者(急性期、亚急性期、伤后5周~3个月)和对照者的胼胝体膝部、压部、双侧内囊前后肢、扣带束、上纵束、下纵束的各向异性(FA)值、表观扩散系数(ADC)值,观察各测量值的变化规律。结果mTBI 患者部分脑白质纤维束区的 FA 值在急性期、亚急性期减低(P 均<0.05),伤后5周~3个月时仍低于对照者(P 均<0.05),但胼胝体膝部及压部的 FA 值在急性期不减低反而升高(P 均>0.05),此后呈逐渐减低趋势,并在外伤5周~3个月时略低于正常对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P 均>0.05)。急性期、亚急性期 mTBI 患者的 ADC 值低于正常对照组,并在外伤5周~3个月时接近或略高于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P 均>0.05)。结论DTI 对 mTBI 敏感性较高,能够准确显示白质纤维束的损伤情况并使其可视化,DTI 对 mTBI 的诊断具有重要的临床价值。     

无痴呆的血管性认知损害全脑DTI直方图分析

目的:利用磁共振扩散张量成像(DTI)直方图分析,明确无痴呆的血管性认知损害(VCIND)患者的脑异常改变及DTI直方图指标与简易智能量表(MMSE)的相关性。方法:对13例VCIND患者和13例健康志愿者行常规MRI和DTI检查,获得全脑平均扩散率(MD)和各向异性分数(FA)图像后,分别绘制出全脑MD和FA直方图并对其进行分析。结果:与正常对照组比较,VCIND患者平均全脑FA直方图示峰位置左移,平均FA值降低(P=0.002),峰高增高(P=0.034),MD直方图明显右移、平均MD值增高(P=0.014),峰高降低(P=0.002),峰位置右移(P=0.004)。各项指标与MMSE评分均无显著相关性。结论:VCIND患者存在脑扩散异常,全脑DTI直方图分析有助于本病的诊断。     

Whole-brain histogram and voxel-based analyses of diffusion tensor imaging in patients with leukoaraiosis: correlation with motor and cognitive impairment

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Cerebral white matter changes, termed leukoaraiosis (LA), appearing as areas of increased signal intensity in T2-weighted MR images, are common in elderly subjects, but the possible correlation of LA with cognitive or motor deficit has not been established. We hypothesized that histogram and voxel-based analyses of whole-brain mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA) maps calculated from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) could be more sensitive tools than visual scales to investigate the clinical correlates of LA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-six patients of the Leukoaraiosis and Disability Study were evaluated with fluid-attenuated inversion recovery for LA extension, T1-weighted images for volume, and DTI for MD and FA. The extent of LA was rated visually. The normalized total, gray, and white matter brain volumes were computed, as well as the 25th percentile, 50th percentile, kurtosis, and skewness of the MD and FA maps of the whole brain. Finally, voxel-based analysis on the maps of gray and white matter volume, MD, and FA was performed with SPM2 software. Correlation analyses between visual or computerized data and motor or neuropsychologic scale scores were performed using the Spearman rank test and the SPM2 software. RESULTS: The visual score correlated with some MD and FA histogram metrics (P<.01). However, only the 25th and 50th percentiles, kurtosis, and skewness of the MD and FA histograms correlated with motor or neuropsychologic deficits. Voxel-based analysis revealed a correlation (P<.05 corrected for multiple comparisons) between a large cluster of increased MD in the corpus callosum and pericallosal white matter and motor deficit. CONCLUSIONS: These results are consistent with the hypothesis that histogram and voxel-based analyses of the whole-brain MD and FA maps are more sensitive tools than the visual evaluation for clinical correlation in patients with LA.     

脑白质疏松的扩散张量成像(DTI)研究

目的 应用扩散张量成像（DTI）检查脑白质疏松（LA）病灶的平均扩散系数（DCavg）、各向异性（FA）值与LA严重程度的关系,探讨常规MBI检查正常的脑白质微结构在DTI中的变化及与认知功能的关系。资料与方法 对55例LA患者和22名健康老年人行DTI检查,测量LA病灶和正常白质区域的DCavg、FA值。结果 LA程度越严重,DCavg值越高,呈正相关;FA值越低,呈负相关。神经心理学测试（简易智能精神状态量表,MMSE）与LA患者的正常脑白质区域的DCavg、FA值明显相关,尤其是前角白质、半卵圆中心的正常脑白质。结论 DTI检查LA,其DCavg、FA值显示出特征性的改变,DTI能够发现常规MRI检查正常的脑白质微结构改变,且这种改变与认知功能相关。     

Measurement of cytotoxic and interstitial components of cerebral edema in acute hepatic failure by diffusion tensor imaging

PURPOSE: To use diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics for measuring cytotoxic and interstitial components of cerebral edema (CE) in acute hepatic failure (AHF) patients. CE is a major complication in patients with AHF. MATERIALS AND METHODS: DTI was performed in 20 patients with AHF and 15 controls. Ten patients underwent repeat imaging after recovery from encephalopathy. Various regions of interest (ROIs) were drawn in the white and deep gray matter of the brain for the quantitation of fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), spherical isotropy (CS), linear anisotropy (CL), and planar anisotropy (CP) values. RESULTS: Significantly decreased MD values were observed in most brain ROIs in patients compared to controls. Significantly decreased FA, CL with increased CS values was also observed. In survivors with normal clinical profile after 3 weeks, a significant increase in MD and FA values were associated with decreased CS values in some regions compared to baseline study; however, it was still significantly changed compared to controls. CONCLUSION: Decreased MD and increased CS associated with decreased FA represent cytotoxic and interstitial components of CE, respectively. Incomplete normalization of these metrics in survivors after 3 weeks clinical recovery may be due to incomplete metabolic recovery.     

早期帕金森病患者脑白质损害的扩散张量成像研究

目的:采用基于纤维束示踪的空间统计方法分析(TBSS)早期帕金森病患者扩散张量成像(DTI)数据,研究早期帕金森病患者脑白质结构损害情况及与运动症状的相关性.方法:18例早期帕金森病(PD)患者(Hoehn-Yahr 1～2级)及22例健康志愿者(对照组)行DTI扫描,采用TBSS技术对两组受试者的DTI数据进行分析,比较两组受试者脑白质纤维的部分各向异性(FA)值的差异,及其与帕金森病评估量表(UPDRS-Ⅲ)评分的相关性,测量并比较先发病侧与对侧大脑白质的FA值.结果:全脑分析显示:与正常对照组相比,PD组双侧额顶部、放射冠、胼胝体和扣带回的脑白质FA值明显减低(P＜0.05),且其范围均与UPDRS-Ⅲ评分呈负相关(r=-0.479～-0.736,P＜0.05);早期PD患者先发病侧大脑与对侧大脑比较,后放射冠、顶叶及颞叶的脑白质FA值的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:早期PD患者即可见脑白质纤维结构的改变,大脑白质损害程度与PD患者运动症状有密切联系,PD患者脑白质损害的部位可能存在一定的顺序.