术后经导管动脉化疗栓塞对肝内胆管细胞癌患者远期预后的影响

目的 评估术后经导管动脉化疗栓塞(pTACE)对肝内胆管细胞癌(ICC)患者远期预后的影响,并鉴别适合进行术后pTACE辅助治疗的ICC患者.方法 纳入2010年1月至2011年1 2月在第二军医大学东方肝胆外科医院接受根治性切除术治疗的114例ICC患者,通过单因素和多因素分析确定总生存期(()S)和无复发生存期(RFS)的独立危险因素.有l项及以上复发危险因素的患者被定义为高风险组(n=73),没有复发危险因素的被定义为低风险组(n=41),比较pTACE对这两组患者预后的影响.结果 多因素分析结果显示多发肿瘤(HR=3.515,95％CI:2.083～5.932,P＜0.00l)、肿瘤最大径＞5 cm(HR=2.050,95％CI:1.309～3.210,P=0.002)、微血管侵犯(HR=2.287,95％CI:1.104～4.736,P=0.026)、手术切缘阳性(HR=5.089,95％ CI.2.055～12.600,P＜0.001)和淋巴结转移(HR=2.880,95％CI:1.579～5.251,P=0.00l)是()S的独立危险因素;多发肿瘤(HR=2.752,95％CI:1.619～4.678,P＜0.001)、肿瘤最大径＞5 cm(HR=2.010,95％CI:1.298～3.113,P=0.002)和微血管侵犯(HR=3.857,95％CI:1.856～8.013,P＜0.001)是RFS的独立危险因素.虽然pTACE不是OS或RFS的独立预后因素,但pTACE可以改善高风险组患者的OS和RFS(P＜0.05).结论 具有术后复发危险因素的ICC患者可从pTACE中获益,应该建议接受pTACE治疗.     

Risk Factors for Anesthesia-Related Airway Patient Safety Incidents: A Single-Center Retrospective Case-Control Analysis from 2009 to 2022

ObjectiveAirway-related patient safety incident (PSI) has always been the top concern of anesthesiologists because this type of incidents could severely threaten patient safety if not treated immediately and properly. This study intends to reveal the composition, prognosis, and to identify risk factors for airway related incidents reported by anesthesiologists.MethodsAll airway related PSIs reported by anesthesiologists in a Chinese academic hospital between September 2009 and May 2022 were collected from the PSI reporting system. Patients with airway incidents reported were matched 1:1 with controls based on sex and type of surgery. Univariable and multivariable analysis were performed to find risk factors associated with airway incident occurrence, and to evaluate influence of airway PSIs on patient prognosis.ResultsAmong 1,038 PSIs voluntarily reported by anesthesiologists during the study period, 281 cases (27.1 %) were airway-related incidents, with an overall reporting incidence of 4.74 per 10,000 among 592,884 anesthesia care episodes. Only ASA physical status was found to be significant independent predictor of these airway PSIs (P = 0.020). Patients with airway PSIs reported had longer extubation time (0.72 ± 1.56 d vs. 0.16 ± 0.77 d, 95%CI: 0.29 to 0.82, P < 0.001), longer ICU length of stay (LOS) (1.63 ± 5.71 d vs. 0.19 ± 0.84 d, 95%CI: 0.57 to 2.32, P = 0.001), longer post operative LOS (10.56 ± 13.09 d vs. 7.59 ± 10.76 d, 95%CI: 0.41 to 5.53, P = 0.023), and longer total in-hospital LOS (14.99 ± 15.18 dra. 11.62 ± 11.88 d, 95%CI: 0.46 to 6.27, P = 0.024).ConclusionsThis single-center retrospective case-control study describes the composition of airway-related PSIs reported by anesthesiologists within thirteen years. Airway incidents might influence patient prognosis by elongating extubation time and LOS. Airway PSI data were worth analyzing to improve patient safety.     

麻黄细辛附子汤加减治疗缓慢性心律失常有效性和安全性的Meta分析

[目的]系统评价麻黄细辛附子汤加减治疗缓慢性心律失常的有效性与安全性。[方法]计算机与手工检索相结合的方法,全面检索2000年1月-2017年4月公开发表的关于麻黄细辛附子汤加减治疗缓慢性心律失常的临床随机对照试验,根据纳排标准筛选,并提取数据,通过Revman5.3软件进行分析。[结果]共纳入研究19篇,患者1 530例;在综合疗效方面,麻黄细辛附子汤加减组疗效优于对照组,RR=1.30,95%CI[1.23,1.38（]P<0.000 01）;治疗后基础心率比较,麻黄细辛附子汤加减组优于对照组,MD7.87,95%CI[6.47,9.26（]P<0.000 01）;治疗后最慢心率比较,麻黄细辛附子汤加减组优于对照组,MD6.45,95%CI[4.72,8.18（]P<0.000 01）;治疗后平均心率比较：麻黄细辛附子汤加减组优于对照组,MD7.20,95%CI[6.23,8.16（]P<0.000 01）;治疗后静息心率比较,麻黄细辛附子汤加减组优于对照组,MD8.03,95%CI[6.52,9.54（]P<0.000 01）;治疗后中医证候改善比较：麻黄细辛附子汤加减组优于对照组,RR=1.47,95%CI[0.94,2.30（]P<0.10）;不良反应方面,共6篇文献提到均未发生严重肝肾功能不良反应。[结论]麻黄细辛附子汤加减对缓慢性心律失常在临床疗效、改善心率方面有一定作用,且具有一定安全性。     

显微镜下多血管炎患者继发弥漫性肺泡出血和肺间质病的临床特征及预后分析（英文）

目的 评估继发于显微镜下多血管炎（microscopic polyangiitis,MPA）的弥漫性肺泡出血和/或肺间质病患者的临床特征以及预后相关因素。方法 回顾性分析2002年至2012年于北京协和医院内科住院的MPA患者,根据肺受累类型不同分为单纯肺间质病组、单纯弥漫性肺泡出血组、弥漫肺泡出血合并肺间质病组和无肺受累组。比较各组患者人口学资料、全身症状、脏器受累情况、实验室检查、治疗与预后。采用Logistic回归和Cox分析患者早期与晚期死亡的危险因素。结果 共181例MPA患者纳入研究,其中单纯肺间质病组96例、单纯弥漫性肺泡出血组19例、弥漫肺泡出血合并肺间质病组18例、无肺受累组48例。随访时间的中位数为67个月（范围：1～199个月）。单纯弥漫性肺泡出血组肾脏受累最严重（血肌酐中位值：449μmol/L,显著高于单纯肺间质病组（123μmol/L,Nemenyi=-35.215,P=0.045）和弥漫肺泡出血合并肺间质病组（359μmol/L,Nemenyi=-43.609,P=0.007）。单纯肺间质病组患者年龄大于单纯弥漫性肺泡出血组（中位年龄：69比57岁;Nem...     

Risk or Beneficial Factors Associated with Unplanned Revascularization Risk Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Large Single-Center Data

Objective To analyze factors associated with unplanned revascularization(UR) risk in patients with coronary artery disease(CAD) who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Methods A total of 10,640 cases with CAD who underwent PCI were analyzed. Multivariate COX regressions and competing risk regressions were applied.Results The patients who underwent UR following PCI in 30 days, 1, and 2 years accounted for 0.3%,6.5%, and 8.7%, respectively. After multivariate adjustment, the number of target lesions [hazard ratio(HR) = 2.320; 95% confidence interval(CI): 1.643–3.277; P 0.001], time of procedure(HR = 1.006; 95%CI: 1.001–1.010; P = 0.014), body mass index(HR = 1.104; 95% CI: 1.006–1.210; P = 0.036), incomplete revascularization(ICR)(HR = 2.476; 95% CI: 1.030–5.952; P = 0.043), and age(HR = 1.037; 95% CI:1.000–1.075; P = 0.048) were determined as independent risk factors of 30-day UR. Factors, including low-molecular-weight heparin or fondaparinux(HR = 0.618; 95% CI: 0.531–0.719; P 0.001), secondgeneration durable polymer drug-eluting stent(HR = 0.713; 95% CI: 0.624–0.814; P 0.001), left anterior descending artery involvement(HR = 0.654; 95% CI: 0.530–0.807; P 0.001), and age(HR = 0.992; 95%CI: 0.985–0.998; P = 0.014), were independently associated with decreased two-year UR risk. While,Synergy Between Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with Taxus and Cardiac Surgery score(HR =1.024; 95% CI: 1.014–1.033; P 0.001) and ICR(HR = 1.549; 95% CI: 1.290–1.860; P 0.001) were negatively associated with two-year UR risk.Conclusion Specific factors were positively or negatively associated with short-and medium-long-term UR following PCI.     

Association Between Lipid Profiles and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy: New Evidence from a Retrospective Study

ObjectiveTo explore the association between lipid profiles and left ventricular hypertrophy in a Chinese general population.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective observational study to investigate the relationship between lipid markers [including triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, non-HDL-cholesterol, apolipoprotein A-I, apolipoprotein B, lipoprotein[a], and composite lipid profiles] and left ventricular hypertrophy. A total of 309,400 participants of two populations (one from Beijing and another from nationwide) who underwent physical examinations at different health management centers between 2009 and 2018 in China were included in the cross-sectional study. 7,475 participants who had multiple physical examinations and initially did not have left ventricular hypertrophy constituted a longitudinal cohort to analyze the association between lipid markers and the new-onset of left ventricular hypertrophy. Left ventricular hypertrophy was measured by echocardiography and defined as an end-diastolic thickness of the interventricular septum or left ventricle posterior wall > 11 mm. The Logistic regression model was used in the cross-sectional study. Cox model and Cox model with restricted cubic splines were used in the longitudinal cohort.ResultsIn the cross-sectional study, for participants in the highest tertile of each lipid marker compared to the respective lowest, triglycerides [odds ratio (OR): 1.250, 95%CI: 1.060 to 1.474], HDL-cholesterol (OR: 0.780, 95%CI: 0.662 to 0.918), and lipoprotein(a) (OR: 1.311, 95%CI: 1.115 to 1.541) had an association with left ventricular hypertrophy. In the longitudinal cohort, for participants in the highest tertile of each lipid marker at the baseline compared to the respective lowest, triglycerides [hazard ratio (HR): 3.277, 95%CI: 1.720 to 6.244], HDL-cholesterol (HR: 0.516, 95%CI: 0.283 to 0.940), non-HDL-cholesterol (HR: 2.309, 95%CI: 1.296 to 4.112), apolipoprotein B (HR: 2.244, 95%CI: 1.251 to 4.032) showed an association with new-onset left ventricular hypertrophy. In the Cox model with forward stepwise selection, triglycerides were the only lipid markers entered into the final model.ConclusionLipids levels, especially triglycerides, are associated with left ventricular hypertrophy. Controlling triglycerides level potentiate to be a strategy in harnessing cardiac remodeling but deserve to be further investigated.     

Effect of Body Mass Index on the Associations between Parity and Metabolic Syndrome and its Components among Northern Chinese Women

Objectives The aims of this study were to assess the associations between parity and metabolic syndrome(Met S) and its components and to evaluate the effects of body mass index(BMI) on these associations.Methods A total of 5,674 women were enrolled from Jidong and Kailuan communities(Tangshan,Hebei) in Northern China. All participants completed standardized questionnaires, physical examination,and biochemical measurements. Logistic regression analysis was used to test the associations.Results Compared with women with parity of one, nulliparous women had decreased odds ratios(ORs); those with parity of two had odds of abdominal obesity [OR = 1.45, 95% confidence interval(CI)1.17–1.81, P 0.001], high blood pressure(OR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.03–1.54, P = 0.025), elevated fasting glucose levels(OR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.03–1.79, P = 0.029), and Met S(OR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.13–1.73, P =0.002); and those with parity of three or more had increased odds of elevated triglyceride levels(OR =1.42, 95% CI: 1.04–1.94, P = 0.027) and Met S(OR = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.10–2.05, P = 0.011) after complete adjustment for confounders. Furthermore, BMI and age subgroups partially modified the associations between parity and Met S and its components.Conclusions Parity is positively associated with Met S and select components in women. BMI is an important modifier involved in the associations between parity and MetS.     

夜间血液透析患者退出原因及危险因素分析

目的 分析夜间血液透析(nocturnal hemodialysis,NHD)患者退出的原因并探讨其危险因素.方法 收集第二军医大学长征医院2009年2月至2016年11月行NHD满3个月后退出NHD的47例患者和维持NHD的64例患者的临床资料,收集患者一般资料,比较两组患者首次行NHD及末次行NHD时的血红蛋白、血小板、白蛋白、铁蛋白、血钙、血磷、甲状旁腺激素等指标的差异,采用Cox回归模型分析患者退出NHD和死亡的危险因素.结果 47例患者退出NHD,行NHD的平均时间为(31.55±20.30)个月,退出原因分别是死亡、转院、转传统血液透析(CHD)、肾移植及其他.单因素Cox回归分析显示,在原发疾病中,高血压肾病(P=0.007,HR=2.913,95％CI:1.348～6.293)和糖尿病肾病(P=0.047,HR=2.401,95％CI:1.014～5.685)是NHD患者退出的危险因素,慢性肾炎综合征(P＜0.001,HR=0.095,95％CI:0.046～0.195)则是保护因素;在血液检测指标中,低白蛋白水平(P=0.007,HR=0.904,95％CI:0.840～0.973)是NHD患者退出的危险因素;高龄(P=0.027,HR=1.052,95％CI:1.006～1.101)是NHD患者退出的危险因素.多因素Cox回归分析显示,低白蛋白水平(P=0.007,HR=0.911,95％CI:0.848～0.991)是NHD患者死亡的独立危险因素.结论 高血压肾病和糖尿病肾病是NHD患者退出的危险因素,慢性肾炎综合征是其保护因素.低白蛋白是NHD患者死亡的独立危险因素.     

Analysis of Risk Factors for Lower-limb Deep Venous Thrombosis in Old Patients after Knee Arthroplasty

Background:

Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is a common complication of arthroplasty in old patients. We analyzed risk factors for lower-limb DVT after arthroplasty in patients aged over 70 years to determine controllable risk factors.

Methods:

This was a retrospective study of 1,025 patients aged >70 years treated with knee arthroplasty at our hospital between January 2009 and December 2013. Of 1,025 patients, 175 had postoperative lower-limb DVT. We compared medical history, body mass index (BMI), ambulatory blood pressure, preoperative and postoperative fasting blood glucose (FBG), preoperative blood total cholesterol, triglyceride, high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and preoperative homocysteine (Hcy) between thrombus and non-thrombus groups. B-mode ultrasonography was used to detect lower-limb DVT before the operation and 7 days after the operation in all patients. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine risk factors for DVT.

Results:

Incidence of diabetes (P = 0.014), BMI (P = 0.003), preoperative FBG (P = 0.004), postoperative FBG (P = 0.012), and preoperative Hcy (P < 0.001) were significantly higher in the thrombus group. A significantly greater proportion of patients in the non-thrombus group had early postoperative activity (P < 0.001) and used a foot pump (P < 0.001). Operative duration was significantly longer in the thrombus group (P = 0.012). Within the thrombus group, significantly more patients had bilateral than unilateral knee arthroplasty (P < 0.01). Multivariate logistic analysis revealed BMI, preoperative Hcy, postoperative FBG, long operative duration, bilateral knee arthroplasty, and time to the activity after the operation to be predictive factors of DVT. At 6-month follow-up of the thrombus group, 4.7% of patients had pulmonary embolism and 18.8% had recurrent DVT; there were no deaths.

Conclusions:

Obesity, inactivity after operation, elevated preoperative Hcy and postoperative FBG, long operative duration, and bilateral knee arthroplasty were risk factors for DVT in patients aged over 70 years.     

加味四妙散联合秋水仙碱治疗急性痛风性关节炎有效性与安全性Meta分析

[目的] 系统评价加味四妙散联合秋水仙碱治疗急性痛风性关节炎的有效性与安全性。[方法] 使用计算机检索中文数据库（中国知网、中国生物医学文献服务系统、维普数据库、万方数据库）和英文数据库（PubMed、Web of Science、The Cochrane Library、EMBASE）,搜索加味四妙散联合秋水仙碱治疗急性痛风性关节炎的随机对照试验,检索时间段均为建库至2020年9月。由2名研究者独立筛选文献,收集患者的基线资料和相关指标数据并评价纳入的随机对照试验的偏倚风险后,采用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。[结果] 通过纳入和排除标准筛选后获得13个随机对照试验,包括1 050例患者。Meta分析结果显示试验组在总有效率[RR=1.18,95% CI（1.12,1.25）,P<0.000 01]、关节压痛状况[MD=-0.50,95% CI（-0.58,-0.43）,P<0.000 01]、关节肿胀状况[MD=-0.49,95% CI（-0.52,-0.46）,P<0.000 01]、血尿酸[MD=-79.40,95% CI（-118.77,-40.04）,P<0.000 1]、红细胞沉降率[MD=-9.08,95% CI（-14.00,-4.16）,P=0.000 3]、不良反应发生率[RR=0.45,95% CI（0.30,0.68）,P=0.000 1]方面均优于对照组,其差异均具有统计学意义。[结论] 当前证据表明,相比单纯使用秋水仙碱,加味四妙散联合秋水仙碱治疗急性痛风性关节炎在总有效率、缓解关节症状、改善血沉指标和安全性方面更有优势,但血尿酸指标结果稳定性较差,还不能得出较为可靠的结论。由于纳入的随机对照试验数量有限,且质量较低,需要更多随机、双盲、大样本的临床研究来证实上述结论。     

支气管镜下介入治疗早期并发症的独立危险因素

目的：分析支气管镜下介入治疗早期并发症发生的独立危险因素,探讨其对手术安全性的预测价值。方法： 回顾性分析北京大学第一医院呼吸和危重症医学科2014年12月至2015年12月接受支气管镜下介入治疗的218例次患者的临床资料,对可能与并发症发生相关的因素进行分析。结果： 本组患者男123例次（56.4%）,女95例次 (43.6%),无吸烟史者137例次（62.8%）,已戒烟者58例次（26.6%）,未戒烟者23例次（10.6%）。早期并发症发生率为8.3%（18/218）,主要并发症包括新发呼吸衰竭、肺部感染、肺水肿、心律失常等。与总体并发症发生相关的独立危险因素有冠心病（B=1.545,P=0.006,OR=4.686,95%置信区间1.568~14.006）和慢性阻塞性肺病（B=1.037,P=0.049,OR=2.820,95%置信区间1.675~11.790）和未戒烟（B=1.412,P=0.032,OR=4.139,95%置信区间1.134~15.109）,与新发呼吸衰竭发生相关的独立危险因素有冠心病（B=2.207,P=0.004,OR=9.087,95%置信区间2.028~40.714）、慢性阻塞性肺病（B=1.646,P=0.048,OR=5.188,95%置信区间1.783~34.375）和病变累及3个中心气道（B=1.899,P=0.032,OR=6.680,95%置信区间1.182~37.740）。恶性病变组早期并发症的独立危险因素仅有未戒烟（B=2.953,P=0.006,OR=19.161,95%置信区间2.360~155.572）,良性病变组早期并发症的独立危险因素是冠心病（B=1.976,P=0.022,OR=7.214,95%置信区间1.324~39.298）。结论： 对于具有上述危险因素的患者应加强围介入操作期的监测,以减少和及时发现并发症的发生。     

Clinical Features of Spontaneous Remission in the Classic Fever of Unknown Origin: A Retrospective Study

ObjectiveTo summarize the clinical features of spontaneous remission in classic fever of unknown origin (FUO).MethodsMedical records of 121 patients diagnosed with FUO at admission in Peking Union Medical College Hospital between January 2018 and June 2018 were reviewed retrospectively. Patients who were discharged without etiological diagnoses were followed for 2 years. The clinical features and outcomes of these patients were summarized. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze related factors of spontaneous remission of FUO.ResultsAfter excluding 2 patients who lost to follow-up, the etiology of 119 FUO patients were as follows: infectious diseases in 30 (25.2%) cases, connective tissue diseases in 28 (23.5%) cases, tumor diseases in 8 (6.7%) cases, other diseases in 6 (5.0%) cases, and unknown diagnoses in 47 (39.5%) cases. Totally, 41 patients experienced spontaneous remission of fever (the median time from onset to remission was 9 weeks, ranging from 4 to 39 weeks). In patients with spontaneous remission in FUO, lymphadenopathy was less common clinical manifestation, the levels of inflammatory markers including leukocyte count, neutrophil count, neutrophil ratio, C-reactive protein, and ferritin were lower, and the proportion of CD8 positive T lymphocytes expressing CD38 was lower. Multivariate logistic regression analysis of factors with a P-value < 0.05 in univariate analysis shown that white blood cell count (OR: 0.545, 95%CI: 0.306-0.971, P = 0.039), neutrophil count (OR: 2.074, 95%CI: 1.004-4.284, P = 0.049), and proportion of neutrophils (OR: 0.928, 95%CI: 0.871-0.990, P = 0.022) were independent significant factors associated with spontaneous remission in FUO.ConclusionsThis study suggested that most patients discharged with undiagnosed classic FUO would remit spontaneously. Thus, for patients with stable clinical conditions, follow-up and observation could be the best choice. Patients with lower level of some inflammatory factors may have a high likelihood of spontaneous remission in classic FUO.     

2型糖尿病合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的临床特点分析

目的比较合并不同程度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, OSAS）的2型糖尿病（T2DM ）患者的临床特点和慢性并发症的差异。方法收集170例T2DM合并OSAS患者的人口学数据、生化指标和慢性并发症情况等。根据呼吸暂停低通气指数（apnea hypopnea index, AHI）,将OSAS患者分为轻度、中度、重度3组,对3组患者的人口学数据、生化指标和慢性并发症发生率进行比较。通过多因素logistic回归分析慢性并发症与OSAS相关关系。结果与轻、中度OSAS相比,T2MD合并重度OSAS患者有更大的腰围(P=0.045）和倾向于有更高的体质量指数（BMI）(P=0.069)。随着OSAS程度的加重,糖尿病周围神经病变的发生率逐渐升高（轻 vs. 中 vs. 重,40.0% vs.42.9% vs.58.8%, P=0.07）,糖尿病视网膜病变发生率逐渐升高（12.7% vs. 25.7% vs. 30.0%, P=0.061）,但差异均无统计学意义。3组患者之间大血管并发症发生率相似(P均>0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示:调整最低血氧饱和度、性别、年龄、糖尿病病程、糖尿病家族史、BMI和糖化血红蛋白等多种因素后,周围神经病变、慢性肾脏疾病与AHI呈独立相关关系（比值比=1.024, 95%可信区间1.002~1.046,P=0.033;比值比=1.026, 95%可信区间1.004~1.049,P=0.022）。其它微血管并发症和大血管并发症未显示与AHI存在相关关系。结论重度OSAS或可加重T2DM患者糖尿病周围神经病变和视网膜病变的潜在风险,但尚需更多证据支持。     

补益强心片联合西药常规治疗慢性心力衰竭随机对照试验的Meta分析

[目的] 系统评价补益强心片联合西药常规治疗慢性心力衰竭的临床疗效与安全性。[方法] 计算机检索中国期刊全文数据库（CNKI）、维普中文期刊数据库（VIP）、万方期刊数据库（WanFang Data）、中国生物医学文献服务系统（SinoMed）、PubMed、Embase、Web of Science和The Cochrane Library（2018年3期）,检索时间均从数据库建库至2018年3月,纳入补益强心片联合西药常规与西药常规对照治疗慢性心力衰竭的临床随机对照研究。采用Cochrane协作网的偏倚风险评估工具对纳入研究进行方法学质量评价。采用RevMan 5.3.5对疗效指标进行Meta分析。[结果] 共纳入7个随机对照试验,573例患者。Meta分析显示,补益强心片联合西药常规治疗慢性心力衰竭可以进一步增加患者左室射血分数（LVEF）[MD=4.31,95%CI（3.73,4.90）,P<0.000 01],降低N末端B型利钠肽原（NT-proBNP）水平[SMD=-2.02,95%CI（-3.02,-1.02）,P<0.0001],改善心功能（NYHA）[RR=1.25,95%CI（1.09,1.43）,P=0.001],降低Lee氏心衰积分[MD=-1.09,95%CI（-1.36,-0.83）,P<0.000 01]和明尼苏达心衰生活质量评分（MLHFQ）[MD=-10.90,95%CI（-13.12,-8.68）,P<0.000 01]。[结论] 纳入研究评价提示,补益强心片联合西药常规治疗慢性心力衰竭可进一步改善患者心功能、临床症状和生活质量且安全。由于纳入文献质量普遍较低,证据强度不足,上述结论仍需更多大样本、高质量试验研究证实。     

上海地区高出生体质量与儿童肥胖关系的横断面研究

目的 探讨高出生体质量与儿童肥胖之间的关系,为预防和减少儿童肥胖的发生提供科学依据。方法 采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样调查方法,选取70 284名3~12岁上海儿童作为研究对象,通过问卷调查收集所有研究对象年龄、性别、体质量、身高、新生儿时期数据（包括出生孕周、出生体质量和喂养方式）等信息,分析高出生体质量与儿童肥胖之间的关系。结果 男孩高出生体质量组和正常出生体质量组超重、肥胖及重度肥胖构成比差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）,女孩高出生体质量组和正常出生体质量组超重、肥胖及重度肥胖构成比差异有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。经多变量logistic回归模型调整年龄及性别因素后,高出生体质量是引起儿童超重（OR=1.41,95%CI 1.33~1.51,P<0.05）、肥胖（OR=1.45,95%CI 1.31~1.62,P<0.05）、重度肥胖（OR=1.51,95%CI 1.35~1.68,P<0.05）的独立危险因素;调整年龄、性别及新生儿特征因素（包括孕周、喂养模式）后,高出生体质量是引起儿童超重（OR=1.40,95%CI 1.31~1.50,P<0.05）、肥胖（OR=1.44,95%CI 1.28~1.61,P<0.05）、重度肥胖（OR=1.42,95%CI 1.25~1.60,P<0.05）的独立危险因素。结论 高出生体质量是儿童超重、肥胖和重度肥胖的重要危险因素。     

Penehyclidine Hydrochloride Premedication Is Not Associated with Increased Incidence of Post-Operative Cognitive Dysfunction or Delirium: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis

ObjectivePost-operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) and post-operative delirium (POD) are two common post-operative cerebral complications. The current meta-analysis was to systematically review the effects of penehyclidine hydrochloride (PHC) on POCD and POD in surgical patients.MethodsElectronic databases were searched to identify all randomized controlled trials comparing PHC with atropine/scopolamine/placebo on POCD and POD in surgical patients. Primary outcomes of interest included the incidences of POCD and POD; the secondary outcomes of interest included peri-operative mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scores. Two authors independently extracted peri-operative data, including patients’ baseline characteristics, surgical variables, and outcome data. For dichotomous data (POCD and POD occurrence), treatment effects were calculated as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidential interval (CI). Each outcome was tested for heterogeneity, and randomized-effects or fixed-effects model was used in the presence or absence of significant heterogeneity. For continuous variables (MMSE scores), treatment effects were calculated as weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% CI. Statistical significance was defined as P<0.05.ResultsOur search yielded 33 studies including 4017 patients. Meta-analysis showed that, the incidence of POCD in PHC group was comparable to that in saline group (OR = 0.97; 95% CI: 0.58-1.64; P = 0.92), scopolamine group (011 = 0.78; 95% CI: 0.48-1.27; P= 0.32) and atropine group (OR = 1.20; 95% CI: 0.86-1.67; P = 0.29). The incidence of POD in PHC group was comparable to that in saline group (OR = 1.53; 95% CI: 0.81-2.90; P = 0.19) and scopolamine group (OR = 0.53; 95% CI: 0.06-4.56; P = 0.56), but higher than that in atropine group (OR = 4.49; 95% CI: 1.34-15.01; P = 0.01).ConclusionsPHC premedication was not associated with increased incidences of POCD or POD as compared to either scopolamine or placebo.     

CDKAL1基因rs7756992位点A>G多态性与2型糖尿病易感性的meta分析

目的 系统评价CDKAL1基因rs7756992位点A＞G多态性与2型糖尿病(T2DM)易感性的关系.方法 制定原始文献的纳入、排除标准及检索策略,通过检索学术期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、万方数据库及EMBASE、PubMed、ScienceDirect等数据库,收集有关CDKAL1基因rs7756992位点A＞G多态性与T2DM易感性的病例对照研究,以病例组与对照组CDKAL1基因rs7756992位点各种基因模型的比值比(OR)及其95％置信区间(CI)为效应指标进行meta分析,并根据研究人群种族不同进行亚组分析.结果 本研究共纳入15篇文献,T2DM组和对照组病例数分别为24 315例和35 132例.Meta分析显示,CDKAL1基因rs7756992位点A＞G多态性与T2DM易感性有关联[等位基因模式(G vs A):OR=1.171,95％CI 1.122～1.223,P＜0.001;共显性模式(GG vs AA):OR=1.380,95％CI1.258～1.515,P＜0.001;共显性模式(AG vs AA):OR=1.131,95％CI 1.089～1.176,P＜0.001;显性模式(AG+GGvs AA):OR=1.168,95％CI 1.101～1.240,P＜0.001;隐性模式(CG vs AA+AG):OR=1.343,95％CI 1.282～1.405,P＜0.001].亚组分析显示,亚洲人群和白种人群中携带CDKAL1基因rs7756992位点G等位基因的人群发生T2DM的风险增加(P＜0.05);而非洲人群中携带CDKAL1基因rs7756992位点G等位基因与A等位基因的人群发生T2DM风险的差异无统计学意义.结论 在亚洲人群及白种人群中CDKAL1基因rs7756992位点A＞G等位基因的突变可能是T2DM发病的危险因素之一.     

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Diabetes Mellitus in a Very Elderly Chinese Population: A Cross-sectional Study

Objectives This paper aimed to investigate the prevalence of diabetes mellitus(DM) and explore the associated risk factors in a very elderly southwest Chinese population.Methods From September 2015 to June 2016, a cross-sectional survey was conducted to obtain a representative sample of 1,326 participants over 80 years old living in Chengdu. The presence of DM was based on fasting plasma glucose(FPG) and 2-h plasma glucose(2-h PG) levels during an oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT). A logistic regression model was used to calculate the odds ratios(ORs) and 95%confidence intervals(CIs) of the potential associated factors.Results The participants' mean age was 83.5 ± 3.1 years. The overall prevalence of DM was 27.4%. The prevalence was higher in males(30.2%) than females(24.7%)(P = 0.02). The prevalence of DM increased with body mass index(BMI) and decreased with aging. The multivariate analysis suggested that male sex(OR = 1.433; 95% CI, 1.116–1.843), hypertension(OR = 1.439; 95% CI, 1.079–1.936), overweight or obesity(OR = 1.371; 95% CI, 1.023–1.834), high heart rate(≥ 75 beats/min; OR = 1.362; 95% CI,1.063–1.746), and abdominal obesity(OR = 1.615; 95% CI, 1.216–2.149) were all significantly positively correlated with DM. However, age was negatively correlated with DM(OR = 0.952; 95% CI,0.916–0.989).Conclusions The prevalence of DM and newly diagnosed DM in a very elderly southwest Chinese population was high. OGTT screening should be performed regularly in people aged ≥ 80 years to ensure timely diagnosis of DM.     

Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors of Left Ventricular Thrombus after Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Matched Case-control Study

Background:

Left ventricular thrombus (LVT) is reported to be a common complication in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients. And it has the potential to cause systemic embolism. This retrospective study was to present the current situation of LVT in clinical practice, as well as to evaluate the clinical characteristics and the risk factors of LVT after AMI.

Methods:

LVT cases (n = 96) were identified from 13,732 AMI (non-ST elevation myocardial infarction was excluded) patients in Fuwai Hospital''s electronic medical records system from January 2003 to January 2013. The controls (n = 192) were gender- and age-matched AMI patients without LVT during this period. A conditional logistic regression (fitted by the Cox model) was performed to identify the independent risk factors.

Results:

The incidence of LVT after AMI was 0.7%. Univariate analysis indicated that the anterior myocardial infarction (especially extensive anterior myocardial infarction), lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), LVEF ≤40%, severe regional wall motion abnormalities (RWMA), pericardial effusion, and left ventricular aneurysm were all related to LVT after AMI. The independent risk factors obtained from the conditional logistic regression analysis were lower LVEF (odds ratio (OR) = 0.891, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.828–0.960), extensive anterior myocardial infarction (OR = 6.403, 95% CI: 1.769–23.169), severe RWMA (OR = 7.348, 95% CI: 1.323–40.819), and left ventricular aneurysm (OR = 6.955, 95% CI: 1.673–28.921).

Conclusions:

This study indicated that lower LVEF, extensive anterior myocardial infarction, severe RWMA, and left ventricular aneurysm were independent risk factors of LVT after AMI. It also suggested that further efforts are needed for the LVT diagnosis after AMI in clinical practice.