Danger of helmet continuous positive airway pressure during failure of fresh gas source supply

Objective To assess the behavior of different helmets after discontinuation of fresh gas flow by disconnection at the helmet inlet, flow generator, or gas source. Design and setting Randomized physiological study in a university research laboratory. Patients Five healthy volunteers. Intervention CPAP (FIO₂ 50%, PEEP 5 cmH₂O) delivered in random sequence with three different helmets: 4Vent (Rüsch), PN500 (Harol), CaStar (StarMed) with antisuffocation valve open or locked. For each helmet all three disconnections were randomly employed up to 4 min. Measurements and results During flow disconnection we measured: respiratory rate and tidal volume by respitrace; inspiratory and expiratory CO₂ concentration, and FIO₂ from a nostril; SpO₂ by pulse oxymetry. Independently of the site of disconnection we observed a fast increase in CO₂ rebreathing and minute ventilation, associated with a decrease in inspired O₂ concentration. In the absence of an operational safety valve, larger helmet size and lower resistance of the inlet hose resulted in slower increase in CO₂ rebreathing. The presence of the safety valve limited the rebreathing of CO₂, and the increase in minute ventilation but did not protect from a decrease in FIO₂ and loss of PEEP. Conclusions While the use of a safety valve proved effective in limiting CO₂ rebreathing, it did not protect from the risk of hypoxia related to decrease in FIO₂ and loss of PEEP. In addition to a safety antisuffocation valve, a dedicated monitoring and alarming systems are needed to employ helmet CPAP safely.     

Head helmet versus face mask for non-invasive continuous positive airway pressure: a physiological study

Objective To assess selected physiological effects of non-invasive continuous positive airway pressure delivered by head helmet (CPAP_H), a special interface device designed to completely contain the head of the patient, compared to face mask (CPAP_M).Design Randomized physiological study.Setting University research laboratory.Patients Eight healthy volunteers.Intervention Continuous positive airway pressure delivered by face mask and CPAP_H in random order. Three gas flow rates (20-30-40 l/min and 30-45-60 l/min, respectively, for CPAP_M and CPAP_H) and four CPAP levels (0-5-10-15 cmH₂O) were employed in a randomized sequence.Measurements and results In each patient we monitored airway pressure, esophageal pressure, expiratory flow, and inspiratory and expiratory CO₂ concentration. End-expiratory lung volume changes from CPAP 0 were measured by inductance plethysmography. The application of increased levels of CPAP resulted in a significant increase in end-expiratory lung volume, similar for CPAP_H and CPAP_M. Inspiratory changes of airway pressure were comparable for the two CPAP modes. Inspiratory CO₂ concentration was higher during CPAP_H (significantly decreased at increased gas flow rates), compared to CPAP_M.Conclusions Continuous positive airway pressure delivered by head helmet is as effective as CPAP_M in increasing end-expiratory lung volume and in compensating for airway pressure changes without the need of a reservoir bag. Higher gas flow rates are necessary to maintain a relatively low inspiratory CO₂ concentration.     

Noninvasive continuous positive airway pressure delivered by helmet in hematological malignancy patients with hypoxemic acute respiratory failure

Objective To compare the efficacy of early administration of noninvasive continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) delivered by the helmet vs. face mask to treat hematological malignancy patients with fever, pulmonary infiltrates, and hypoxemic acute respiratory failure.Design and setting Prospective clinical study with historical matched controls in the hematology department of a university hospital.Patients and interventions Seventeen hematological malignancy patients with hypoxemic acute respiratory failure defined as: moderate to severe dyspnea, tachypnea (>30–35 breaths/min), use of accessory muscles and paradoxical abdominal motion, and PaO₂/FIO₂ ratio less than 200. Each patient was treated with nCPAP by helmet outside the ICU in the hematological ward. Arterial oxygen saturation, heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure were monitored to identify early nCPAP failure. Seventeen historical-matched controls treated in the same department with face mask CPAP were selected as control population; matching criteria were age, sex, diagnosis, and PaO₂/FIO₂ ratio. Primary end-points were improvement in gas exchanges and the need for endotracheal intubation.Results Oxygenation improved in all patients after nCPAP. No patient failed helmet nCPAP because of intolerance while eigh patients in the mask group did so. nCPAP could be applied continuously for a longer period of time in the helmet group (28.44±0.20 vs. 7.5±0.45 h).Conclusions Early nCPAP with helmet improves oxygenation in selected immunosuppressed patients with hypoxemic acute respiratory failure. Tolerance of helmet nCPAP seems better than that of nCPAP delivered by mask.     

Noninvasive continuous positive airway pressure ventilation using a new helmet interface: a case-control prospective pilot study

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of noninvasive continuous positive airway pressure ventilation (CPAP) using a new interface, constituted by a cephalic plastic helmet, in comparison with a standard facial mask.Design and setting A prospective pilot study with matched-control group, in the emergency department of a teaching hospitalPatients and methods Eleven consecutive adult patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure related to cardiogenic pulmonary edema (whether hypercapnic or not) were enrolled in the study, after failure of the initial medical treatment. Each patient treated with CPAP, using the helmet in addition to a standardized medical treatment, was matched with historical control-patient treated with CPAP using a standard facial mask, and selected by gender, age, and PaCO₂ levels on admission. Primary end points were improvements of gas exchanges and clinical parameters of respiratory distress. Tolerance was evaluated after each CPAP trial.Results The 22 patients and controls had similar characteristics at baseline. PaCO₂ levels, and clinical parameters improved similarly in both groups. No interface intolerance was reported whether using standard facial mask or the helmet. No complications were observed in either group. The helmet allowed CPAP administration for a longer period of time (p=0.045). In-hospital mortality was not different between the two groups.Conclusion Despite a high dead-space volume (9–15 l), this new helmet interface is an efficient alternative to standard face mask during CPAP, even in cases of severe respiratory acidosis and hypercapnia. It allows to provide long-duration CPAP, without any adverse events or clinical intolerance.     

A comparative study of the cardiorespiratory effects of continuous positive airway pressure breathing and continuous positive pressure ventilation in acute respiratory failure

Positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) produces cardiopulmonary effects whether administered by controlled positive pressure ventilation (CPPV) or continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). In eight patients with acute respiratory failure, the effects of 20 cm PEEP administered via CPPV and CPAP were compared. An esophageal balloon was used to calculate the transmural vascular pressures. The control values under mechanical ventilation with no PEEP (IPPV) for PaO₂ and QS/QT (FiO₂ being 1.0) were respectively 132±15 mmHg and 31±3%; CPPV gave a PaO₂ of 369±27 mmHg and QS/QT fo 14±1.6%, CPAP 365±18 mmHg and 18±1.3% respectively. The two different modes of ventilation (CPPV and CPAP) gave identical blood gas improvement through the same level of end expiratory transpulmonary pressure despite marked differences between absolute mean airway and esophageal pressures. Conversely, hemodynamic tolerance was very different from one technique to the other: CPPV depressed cardiac index from 3.4±0.3 to 2.4±0.2 l/min/m² as well as decreasing transmural filling pressures, suggesting a reduction in venous return. Conversely, filling pressures maintained at control values during CPAP and cardiac indexes were unchanged.Abbreviations IPPV intermittent positive pressure ventilation; mechanical ventilation (controlled mode) with zero end expiratory pressure (ZEEP) - CPPV continuous positive pressure ventilation: mechanical ventilation (controlled mode) with a positive pressure during expiration - CPAP continuous positive airway pressure; spontaneous ventilation with a positive pressure maintained during expiration - PEEP positive end expiratory pressure, whatever the ventilatory mode; spontaneous (CPAP) or mechanical (CPPV) Presented in part at the 44 th annual meeting of American College of Chest Physicians, Washington DC, October 1978     

无创双水平正压通气在心脏手术后急性呼吸衰竭的应用与护理

目的：观察无刨双水平正压通气（Bi-level Positive Airway Pressure）在心脏手术后急性呼吸衰竭的应用与护理。方法：观察20例心脏手术后急性呼吸衰竭患者应用无创双水平正压通气（BIPAP）治疗前、后血气分析及生命指征的变化。结果：18例患者BIPAP治疗后血气分析指标和生命指征得到明显改善。治疗后的PaO2、氧合指数明显提高;呼吸频率、收缩压、心率及PaCO2水平明显下降。2例患者不适应面罩吸氧、加压通气行二次气管插管治疗。结论：早期应用无创双水平正压通气能有效治疗心脏手术后急性呼吸衰竭,快速提高PaO2,降低PaCO2,缓解气促、紫绀、呼吸困难等症状。     

鼻塞式持续气道正压通气治疗新生儿呼吸衰竭的临床研究进展

介绍了鼻塞式持续气道正压通气治疗新生儿呼吸衰竭的临床研究进展 ,重点阐述了鼻塞式持续气道正压通气的优点、使用时间、工作原理、分类、治疗效果、临床应用、护理及局限性     

无创正压通气与有创正压通气治疗急性呼吸衰竭的比较研究

目的　比较无创正压通气 (NPPV)和有创正压通气 (IPPV)救治急性呼吸衰竭 (ARF)的临床效果 ,评估NPPV在ARF治疗中的作用。方法　将各种原因所致ARF 5 2例患者随机分为NPPV组 (2 6例 )和IPPV组 (2 6例 ) ,在给予病因治疗同时分别实施NPPV和IPPV。观察分析两组患者在治疗过程中动脉血气变化、并发症的发生率及治疗结果。结果　NPPV组有 7例 (2 6 .9% )治疗失败转为气管插管IPPV ,其中 4例 (15 .4 % )死亡。IPPV组死亡 5例 (19.2 % ) ,两组死亡率无显著差异 (P >0 0 5 )。两组治疗有效患者在分别接受NPPV和IPPV治疗后 6h动脉血气有相似的显著改善。NPPV组患者机械通气时间和住院时间短于IPPV组 (P <0 .0 5 )。NPPV组的并发症发生率低于IPPV组 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　在经过选择的ARF患者中 ,应用NPPV治疗的临床效果与IPPV相似。实施NPPV可缩短机械通气和住院时间 ,减少并发症。且因为无创伤性 ,NPPV可作为经过选择的ARF患者首选的通气支持治疗手段。     

Non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation in patients with acute respiratory failure

Non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation is an emerging modality in contemporary critical care practice. Perhaps the most widely utilized and familiar form of non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation is mask continuous positive airway pressure. Other common modes include mask Bi‐level positive airway pressure and mask pressure support ventilation. All feature the delivery of positive airway pressure via a mask (full‐face, naso‐oral or nasal), and a patient‐controlled respiratory cycle. The physiological benefits of non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation suggested by a number of studies include improved oxygenation, decreased work of breathing, improved ventilation and perfusion matching, decreased fatigue, and increased minute ventilation. The utilization of non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation has now been reported for a variety of clinical indications. In most, randomized trials are lacking, and the benefits and preferred mode of non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation are still to be elucidated. In general, in patients that are candidates for endotracheal intubation, non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation should be used as a way to possibly avoid endotracheal intubation rather than as an alternative to endotracheal intubation. Whilst the benefit of non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation appears to be established in patients with chronic obstructive airways disease with hypercapnic acute respiratory failure, one of the major unresolved issues is whether one modality is significantly better than the others. Unfortunately, the question of whether Bi‐level positive airway pressure is better than continuous positive airway pressure in this clinical scenario has not been satisfactorily addressed in any large randomized and controlled clinical trial. Further, there is no ‘gold standard’ for predicting success with non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation, although several studies have looked at this aspect.     

新型经鼻持续气道正压通气优先策略治疗新生儿呼吸衰竭临床研究

目的探讨新型经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)优先策略治疗新生儿呼吸衰竭的疗效。方法选择2006年1月至2008年1月采用简易水封瓶NCPAP治疗的新生儿呼吸衰竭50例为对照组;2008年2月至2010年6月采用新型NC-PAP治疗的新生儿呼吸衰竭60例为治疗组。治疗组入院后即应用新型NCPAP,对照组先应用头罩吸氧1~4 h,氧合不能改善改用简易水封瓶NCPCP。比较分析2组患儿NCPAP治疗成功率、NCPAP氧疗时间、肺气漏发生率及疗效。结果 NCPAP治疗成功率治疗组为85.0%,对照组为66.0%;NCPAP氧疗时间治疗组为(3.1±0.4)d,对照组为(4.3±0.5)d;肺气漏发生率治疗组为3.3%,对照组为4.0%;总有效率治疗组为86.7%,对照组为70.0%。2组NCPAP治疗成功率、氧疗时间、总有效率比较均有显著差异(P<0.05),治疗组肺气漏发生率较对照组略有降低,但2组间差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论实行新型NCPAP优先策略治疗新生儿呼吸衰竭可显著提高疗效,缩短氧疗时间,减少有创通气率。     

双水平无创正压通气在急性有机磷农药中毒伴呼吸衰竭中的应用

目的 探讨双水平无创正压(BiPAP)通气对急性有机磷农药中毒伴呼吸衰竭患者的疗效.方法将44例急性有机磷农药中毒伴呼吸衰竭患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,对照组给予常规治疗,治疗组在常规治疗的基础上给予BiPAP机械通气.观察治疗前及治疗2、24、48h动脉血气及呼吸频率和心率变化,并比较气管插管率、病死率、住院时间、住院费用.结果BiPAP通气对提高PaO2和降低PaCO2与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05),治疗组插管率、病死率、住院费用比对照组明显降低(P<0.05).结论BiPAP机械通气辅助治疗急性有机磷农药中毒伴呼吸衰竭效果好.对改善患者呼吸通气功能优于对照组,并可明显减少插管率、病死率,降低住院费用.     

Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in infants with upper airway obstruction: comparison of continuous and bilevel positive pressure

Objective This study evaluated the efficacy of noninvasive continuous positive pressure (CPAP) ventilation in infants with severe upper airway obstruction and compared CPAP to bilevel positive airway pressure (BIPAP) ventilation.Design and setting Prospective, randomized, controlled study in the pulmonary pediatric department of a university hospital.Patients Ten infants (median age 9.5 months, range 3—18) with laryngomalacia (n=5), tracheomalacia (n=3), tracheal hypoplasia (n=1), and Pierre Robin syndrome (n=1)Interventions Breathing pattern and respiratory effort were measured by esophageal and transdiaphragmatic pressure monitoring during spontaneous breathing, with or without CPAP and BIPAP ventilation.Measurements and results Median respiratory rate decreased from 45 breaths/min (range 24–84) during spontaneous breathing to 29 (range 18–60) during CPAP ventilation. All indices of respiratory effort decreased significantly during CPAP ventilation compared to unassisted spontaneous breathing (median, range): esophageal pressure swing from 28 to 10 cmH₂O (13–76 to 7–28), esophageal pressure time product from 695 to 143 cmH₂O/s per minute (264–1417 to 98–469), diaphragmatic pressure time product from 845 to 195 cmH₂O/s per minute (264–1417 to 159–1183) During BIPAP ventilation a similar decrease in respiratory effort was observed but with patient-ventilator asynchrony in all patients.Conclusions This short-term study shows that noninvasive CPAP and BIPAP ventilation are associated with a significant and comparable decrease in respiratory effort in infants with upper airway obstruction. However, BIPAP ventilation was associated with patient-ventilator asynchrony.     

无创通气在机械通气撤离中的作用

目的 探讨无创通气(Noninvasive positive pressure Ventilation,NNPV)在多种原因导致的急性呼吸衰竭机械通气患者撤机流程中的有效性.方法 前瞻性分析2007年1月至2008年12月浙江大学医学院附属邵逸犬医院ICU人选的71例急性呼吸衰竭机械通气患者.经气管插管机械通气治疗48 h后,达到临床撤机条件,但末能完成自主呼吸试验,排除NPPV禁忌证,将患者随机(随机数字法)分成无创通气序贯撤机(NPPV组,n=36)和传统撤机方法(IPPV组,n=35)两组.NPPV组拔管前予提高压力支持水平休息30 min,拔管后立即给予NPPV作为撤机方法;IPPV组传统方法撤机.观察两组患者自主呼吸试验前后呼吸力学参数、动脉血气、循环指标的变化,以及分组后两组机械通气2 h后的心肺参数,同时比较两组患者的转归.结果 分绀后机械通气2 h后心肺参数差异无统计学意义.与IPPV组相比,NPPV组机械通气时间、ICU住院时间、总住院时间明显缩短,分别为[(14.88 ±3.76)d vs.(20.68±2.79)d,P<0.01);(14.16±3.45)d vs.(2.57±7.71)d,P<0.01);IPPV组分别为(23.39±5.19)d vs.(33.89±8.58)d,P<0.01)],NPPV组并发症发生率明显低于IPPV组(22.9%vs.72.2%,P<0.01),特别是肺部感染发生率较低(6.1%vs.36.1%,P<0.01).结论 NPPV适用于多种原因导致的呼吸衰竭的撤机过程.把握无创通气NPPV的适应证,以及在撤机过程中及早进行NPPV干预,可以提高NPPV住序贯撤机中的成功率.     

Comparison of two flow generators with a noninvasive ventilator to deliver continuous positive airway pressure: a test lung study

Objective To compare the performance of two continuous flow generators with a ventilator designed for noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) to deliver continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). The performance of flow generators using different oxygen pressure supplies was also compared.Design and setting Experimental study using a mechanical lung model in a university research laboratory.Measurements Two flow generators supplied at 100, 200, and 300 kPa and an NPPV ventilator were compared at CPAP of 5, 10, and 15 cmH₂O in: (a) area under the adjusted CPAP level during inspiration, (b) capacity to attain the preset CPAP, and (c) tidal volume.Results The NPPV ventilator attained the preset CPAP better than flow generators, but its area under adjusted CPAP was similar to or higher than that of flow generators when these were adjusted to their better pressure supply. Both flow generators had better performance with an output flow around 100 l/min, which was achieved at 100 kPa with one flow generator and 300 with the other. Flow generators and the NPPV ventilator generated similar tidal volumes.Conclusions Flow generators performance showed large variations among different devices and oxygen pressure supplies. Adjusted to their better pressure supply, flow generators had a similar or better capacity to maintain the CPAP level, but the NPPV ventilator was more reliable to attain the preset CPAP. Flow generators could be an alternative to provide CPAP in low-income areas, usually with scarce medical equipment availability.     

持续气道正压通气治疗儿童呼吸衰竭的疗效观察

目的：探讨鼻塞式持续气道正压通气（CPAP）治疗儿童呼吸衰竭的疗效。方法42例不同原因引起的呼吸衰竭患儿使用常规氧疗、鼻塞式 CPAP 及呼吸机进行治疗,比较治疗前后的临床情况（气喘、气促、三凹征）、动脉血气[pH、动脉血氧分压（PaO2）、动脉血二氧化碳分压（ PaCO2）]的变化及住院时间、预后等。结果常规氧疗有效率为50%, CPAP 有效率为79%,呼吸机有效率为100%。住院时间 CPAP 组为8.9 d,较常规氧疗（12.5 d）和呼吸机治疗（12.7 d）均明显缩短（P 〈0.05）。结论鼻塞式 CPAP 治疗儿童呼吸衰竭疗效显著,可以减少有创通气的应用及缩短住院时间,避免了有创呼吸支持对儿童气道的损害,具有无创伤、易操作、低费用、高疗效等优点,值得推广应用。     

Prehospital use of continuous positive airway pressure for acute severe congestive heart failure

Background

The utility of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in the in-hospital treatment of congestive heart failure (CHF) is well established. Its exact role is less clear in the prehospital arena.

Objective

To describe the prehospital use of CPAP for patients presenting with acute severe heart failure in a large Emergency Medical Services system in New Jersey.

Methods

Retrospective review of prehospital charts from January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2006 of patients treated for acute CHF. Inclusion criteria for eligibility for CPAP mask use were: respiratory rate > 25 breaths/min, labored and shallow breathing, bilateral rales, history of CHF, intact mental status, and prehospital clinical diagnosis of CHF. Data collected included demographics, vital signs, oxygen saturation (SaO₂), need for endotracheal intubation (ETI), and complications.

Results

There were 1306 charts reviewed; 387 patients met inclusion criteria. Of the 387, 149 patients had placement of CPAP (38.5%). The prehospital treatment times were (CPAP = 30 min; non-CPAP = 31 min; p < 0.01). The increase in SaO₂ for the CPAP group (9%) vs. the non-CPAP group (5%) was statistically significant (p < 0.01). Systolic blood pressure (BP) reduction (CPAP [27.1 mm Hg], non-CPAP [19.9 mm Hg], p < 0.01), diastolic BP reduction (CPAP [14.1 mm Hg], non-CPAP [7.4 mm Hg], p < 0.01), heart rate reduction (CPAP [17.2 beats/min], non-CPAP [9.6 beats/min], p < 0.01), respiratory rate reduction (CPAP [5.63], non-CPAP [4.09], p < 0.01), and ETI reduction (CPAP [2.6%], non-CPAP [5.46%], p < 0.01), all were statistically significant. Adjunctive CHF treatments were similar between the groups.

Conclusion

The use of CPAP for eligible patients with acute severe CHF seems to be feasible and beneficial. Large-scale randomized prospective prehospital studies are needed to validate these results.     

经面罩持续气道正压治疗急性肺损伤致呼吸衰竭的临床研究

目的 评价经面罩持续气道正压通气（CPAP）治疗急性肺损伤致呼吸衰竭的疗效。方法 67例患者被随机分为CPAP治疗组和对照组，比较2组治疗1、24h后的动脉血气值，呼吸频率和脉率及1h后的主观效果。结果 1h时CPAP治疗组较对照组明显改善动脉血氧合，降低呼吸频率和脉率，改善临床症状。24h后两组结果无明显差异。结论 CPAP应用于急性肺损伤所致呼吸衰竭时，虽可改善早期生理状况，但不能改善患者预后。     

单肺通气时持续气道正压对动脉氧合的影响

目的 利用自制的气道正压装置,对单肺通气下开胸病人的无通气肺施加志气道正压,观察无通气肺接受不同水平的持续气道正压时对动脉氧合的影响。方法 １９例需在单肺通气下开胸手术的病人（ＡＳＡ：１－２级）,随机分成２组,组１（ｎ＝１０）,对无通气肺施加０．２９４ｋＰａ（３ｃｍＨ２Ｏ）的气道持续正压（ＣＰＡＰ－３）,组２（ｎ＝９）;对无 敢肺施加０．４９０ｋＰａ（５ｃｈｍＨ２Ｏ）的气道持续正压（ＣＰＡＰ－５）     

Noninvasive pressure support ventilation vs. continuous positive airway pressure in acute hypercapnic pulmonary edema

Objective This study compared noninvasive pressure support ventilation (NIPSV) and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in patients with acute hypercapnic pulmonary edema with regard to resolution time.Design and setting Randomized prospective study in an emergency department.Patients and participants We randomly assigned 36 patients with respiratory failure due to acute pulmonary edema and arterial hypercapnia (PaCO₂ >45 mmHg) to NIPSV (n=18) or CPAP through a face mask (n=18).Measurements and results Electrocardiographic and physiological measurements were made over 36 h. There was no difference in resolution time defined as clinical improvement with a respiratory rate of fewer than 30 breaths/min and SpO₂ of 96% or more between CPAP and NIPSV groups. Arterial carbon dioxide tension was significantly decreased after 1 h of ventilation (CPAP, 60.5±13.6 to 42.8±4.9 mmHg; NIPSV, 65.7±13.6 to 44.0±5.5 mmHg); respective improvements were seen in pH (CPAP, 7.22±0.11 to 7.37±0.04; NIPSV, 7.19±0.11 to 7.38±0.04), SpO₂ (CPAP, 86.9±3.7% to 95.1±2.6%; NIPSV, 83.7±6.6% to 96.0±2.9%), and respiratory rate (CPAP, 37.9±4.5 to 21.3±5.1 breaths/min; NIPSV, 39.8±4.4 to 21.2±4.6 breaths/min). No significant differences were seen with regards to endotracheal intubation and in-hospital mortality.Conclusions NIPSV proved as effective as CPAP in the treatment of patients with acute pulmonary edema and hypercapnia but did not improve resolution time.     

无创双水平正压通气对不同病因急性呼吸衰竭的治疗评价

目的：研究无创双水平正压通气(BiPAP)对心源性肺水肿和重症社区获得性肺炎所致呼吸衰竭的治疗效果。方法：49例急性呼吸衰竭患者分为心源性肺水肿组(25例)和重症肺炎组(24例)，均应用BiPAP进行治疗，观察两组的治疗效果。结果：两组患者应用BiPAP治疗后早期氧合均得到明显改善；心源性肺水肿组在BiPAP治疗时间、气管插管率、死亡率方面均明显低于重症肺炎组。结论：无创正压通气在早期可以纠正心源性肺水肿和重症肺炎合并呼吸衰竭患者的氧合，但最终的预后因呼吸衰竭的病理类型不同而有很大区别。