垃圾焚烧烟气脱硝工艺选择及案例分析

针对垃圾焚烧厂烟气的脱硝技术,分别介绍了各种脱硝技术及其组合脱硝工艺的工艺流程、经济性以及工艺特点。对SNCR+SCR与SNCR+PNCR的NOx超低排放组合工艺分别在浙江省某生活垃圾焚烧项目与广东省某垃圾焚烧项目的运行情况进行分析,总结SNCR+SCR与SNCR+PNCR这2种工艺在工程应用中的系统稳定性、经济性、运行过程存在的问题、工艺需改进的地方及方法。     

垃圾焚烧烟气脱酸系统新型半干法工艺研究

通过对垃圾焚烧烟气脱酸系统新型半干法工艺即循环流化床烟气脱酸净化工艺和固定喷嘴法烟气脱酸净化工艺的技术及其经济性分析,说明这2种技术均可满足垃圾焚烧烟气脱酸系统的处理要求.     

垃圾焚烧飞灰固化方法和运营方式优化

介绍了某地区垃圾焚烧中心的概况,分析了该地区垃圾燃烧飞灰固化方法及运营方式,对比了该垃圾焚烧中心的飞灰固化工艺和我国主流生活垃圾飞灰的固化工艺,提出优化改进方案,进一步降低燃烧飞灰的污染性,并提升固化飞灰的处理工艺。     

城市生活垃圾焚烧处理工艺的探讨

参考目前国内外城市生活垃圾焚烧处理的不同工艺,结合国内生活垃圾处理现状,提出适合我国国情的垃圾焚烧处理工艺。     

逆流法处理垃圾焚烧尾气在国外的应用

介绍了德国哈根市垃圾焚烧厂厂长Labschewski发明的逆流法处理垃圾焚烧尾气的工艺,并对活性炭的最佳配比及CaO、正常比表面积Ca(OH)2和大比表面积Ca(OH)23种吸收剂在同样去除率条件下的使用量进行了试验,旨在为我国的垃圾焚烧尾气净化提供参考.     

城市生活垃圾焚烧前堆酵脱水研究进展

分析了垃圾含水率及其与低位热值的关系,依据低位热值对垃圾焚烧工艺的影响,概述了垃圾焚烧前堆酵脱水的机理、研究现状,探讨了控制温度和接种微生物在加速堆酵脱水中应用的可行性,并对今后该领域的研究重点提出建议。     

城市生活垃圾焚烧厂烟气净化系统及标准分析

对国内多个垃圾焚烧厂的烟气净化情况进行调研,结合烟气监测数据和应用工艺分析,总结了现行标准与常用烟气净化工艺的适用状况。     

烟气再循环脱硝技术在生活垃圾焚烧发电厂的应用

根据垃圾焚烧的特点,概述了生活垃圾焚烧发电厂烟气再循环技术的脱硝原理、工艺特点及主要影响因素,并结合生活垃圾焚烧厂烟气再循环技术的应用案例,通过烟气再循环的实际应用性能评价,探讨了烟气再循环比例与氮氧化物浓度的相关性。同时,通过设计方案及过程控制的对比分析,解析了烟气再循环技术的设计原则,为垃圾焚烧烟气再循环技术的设计及应用优化提供依据。     

城市垃圾焚烧中二噁(口英)产生机理与控制

介绍了二噁的性质、危害和来源,从垃圾焚烧二噁产生的机理出发,探讨了其在垃圾焚烧过程中产生的3种途径,讨论了控制机理。介绍了垃圾热解工艺,由于热解机理对二噁的生成具有极大的阻尼作用,产生的二噁含量极低,可以大大地简化烟气的处理装置。     

赴韩国,新加坡垃圾焚烧厂的考察报告

上海浦东新区正在建设生活垃圾焚烧厂，通过对韩国，新加坡的３个垃圾焚烧厂焚烧工艺，炉排，烟气净化技术的介绍，提出了我们在建设焚烧厂的过程中，无论是制定环保排放标准还是采取何种烟气治理工艺，均应考虑中国的国情。同时指出，重视基础数据的分析与预测，加强对公众的宣传是非常重要的。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.