乙型肝炎病毒前S1抗原检测结果分析

目的探讨乙型肝炎病毒前S1抗原与乙肝5项的关系及其临床意义。方法用ELISA方法对12 050份人血清进行乙肝病毒前S1抗原和乙肝5项（HBsAg、HBsAb、HBeAg、HBeAb、HBcAb）检测。结果 HBsAg阳性（＋）血清1073份,前S1抗原阳性565例,占52.7%,在HBsAg阴性血清中未检出前S1抗原;大三阳模式HBsAg（＋）、HBeAg（＋）、HBcAb（＋）;模式HBsAg（＋）、HBeAg（＋）;小三阳模式HBsAg（＋）、HBeAb（＋）、HBcAb（＋）;模式HBsAg（＋）、HBeAb（＋）;模式HBsAg（＋）、HBcAb（＋）,前S1的阳性率分别为80.6%（141/175）、83.3%（10/12）、45.7%（312/682）、36.3%（4/11）、50.8%（98/193）。HBeAg阳性模式各组的前S1抗原阳性率与HBeAg阴性各组比较,均有明显升高（P〈0.01）。结论乙肝病毒前S1抗原可补充乙肝5项检测的不足,它能很好地反映HBeAg阴性患者的病毒复制情况,应当引起临床医师的重视。     

招飞体检乙型肝炎病毒筛查方法及其意义

目的 调查招飞学生HBV血清标志物模式及分布特点,探讨聚合酶链反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)荧光探针法与酶联免疫吸咐测定(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)在招飞体检HBV筛查中的应用价值. 方法 对象为参加本区招飞体检的学生(包括应届高中生、大学生)3843名.按出生年分为1992年前和1992年后(包括1992年)两个年龄组;根据户籍种类分为农村和城市学生.乙肝血清标志物采用ELISA法进行HBsAg、HBsAb、HBeAg、HBeAb及HBcAb共5项定性检测,按随机数字法随机抽取不同模式(除单项HBsAb阳性外)标本365例,采用PCR荧光探针法进行HBV-DNA定量检测. 结果 ①共检出13种HBV血清标志物模式,主要为HBsAb(+)模式;其次为5项全阴模式,HBsAb(+)、HBcAb(+)模式,HBsAb(+)、HBeAb(+)、HBcAb(+)模式,HBcAb(+)模式;HBsAg阳性以HBsAg(+)、HBeAg(+)、HBcAb(+)及HBsAg(+)、HBeAb(+)、HBcAb(+)模式为主,分别占HBsAg阳性总数的38.75％和46.25％.②两个年龄组HBsAb(+)模式,HBsAb(+)、HBeAb(+)模式和HBcAb(+)模式检出率差异有统计学意义(x2 =9.350、8.563,P＜0.01);其他模式检出率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).③农村与城市学生相比,除HBsAb(+)、HBeAb(+)、HBcAb(+)模式和HBcAb(+)模式外,其他5种常见模式检出率差异有统计学意义(x2=4.592～34.838,P＜0.01或P＜0.05).④HBV-DNA定量检测病毒载量＞1000 copies/ml者62例,其中HBsAg阳性者占77.42％,其他模式占22.58％.HBsAg(+)、HBeAg(+)、HBcAb(+)者HBV-DNA检出率为95.45％(21/22),病毒载量为9.16×106～9.81×107copies/ml.HBsAg(+)、HBeAb(+)、HBcAb(+)者HBV-DNA检出率为45.71％(16/35),病毒载量为1.24×104～7.95×105 copies/ml.HBsAg(+)、HBeAg(+)者均检出HBV-DNA,病毒载量为(2.39～5.34)×107 copies/ml. 结论 ELISA法检测HBV血清标志物与PCR定量检测HBV-DNA相结合,有助于解决招飞体检HBV携带者误诊和漏检问题.     

初治肺结核患者合并乙肝病毒感染临床分析

目的分析初治肺结核患者合并乙肝病毒感染情况。方法回顾分析841例初治肺结核患者乙肝病毒感染情况：乙型肝炎表面抗原（HBsAg）、e抗原（HBeAg）、e抗体（HBeAb）、核心抗体（HBcAb）。结果841例初治肺结核患者中HBsAg阳性率[包括HBsAg（＋）,HBsAg、HBcAb（＋）,HBsAg、HBcAb、HBeAb（＋）,HBsAg、HBcAb、HBeAg（＋）]占5.7％,低于普通人群。结论初治肺结核患者乙肝病毒感染HBsAg阳性率低于普通人群携带率。     

乙肝病毒前S1抗原与乙肝病毒血清标志物联合检测的临床意义

目的探讨乙肝病毒前S1抗原（PreS1-Ag）与乙肝病毒血清标志物（HBV-M）联合检测在临床应用中的意义。方法用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）测定328例乙型肝炎患者血清中PreS1-Ag和乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原（HBsAg）、乙型肝炎病毒表面抗体（HBsAb）、乙型肝炎病毒e抗原（HBeAg）、乙型肝炎病毒e抗体（HBeAb）、乙型肝炎病毒核心抗体（HBcAb）5项HBV血清标志物。结果 PreS1-Ag在HBsAg（＋）、HBeAg（＋）、HBcAb（＋）组和HBsAg（＋）、HBeAg（＋）组的阳性率显著升高,分别为87.3%和80.0%;在HBsAg（＋）、HBeAb（＋）、HBcAb（＋）组和HBsAg（＋）、HBcAb（＋）组及HBsAg（＋）组的PreS1-Ag阳性率分别为47.5%、63.9%和25.0%;PreS1-Ag在HBeAg（＋）组的阳性率为86.2%,明显高于在HBeAg（-）组的52.1%（χ2=21.33,P〈0.01）;328例乙型肝炎患者中,PreS1-Ag阳性率为61.9%,HBeAg阳性率为28.7%（χ2=73.098,P〈0.01）。结论 PreS1-Ag能较好地反映HBV的复制情况,且对HBV感染的早期诊断和判断治疗效果具有重要的临床意义。     

化学发光免疫分析技术(CLIA)和酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)在乙肝病毒血清学检验中的应用价值

目的:探究化学发光免疫分析技术(CLIA)与酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)在乙肝病毒血清学检验中的应用价值.方法:选取126例本院收治疑似乙肝病毒感染患者作为本次研究对象,分别采用CLIA与ELISA两种方法检测患者的血清中的HBsAg、HBeAg、HBsAb、HBcAb、HBeAb,分析对比两组检出率,并与最终确诊结果展开对比.结果:HBeAb与HBsAg的检出率中,CLIA显著高于ELISA;两组患者HBeAg、HBsAb与HBcAb检出率的对比上均无明显的差异(P＞0.05).对比最终确诊结果,CLIA的敏感性与诊断符合率均高于ELISA.结论:乙肝病毒的血清学检验中,应用化学发光免疫分析技术(CLIA)具有着较高特异性和敏感性,其对于疑似乙肝病毒感染患者血清中的HBeAb与HBsAg的检出率更高,可作为一种有效标记的免疫检测技术在临床上进行推广与应用.     

乙型肝炎血清前S1抗原与HBV-DNA和HBeAg相关性分析

目的探讨乙型肝炎血清前S1抗原(PreS1Ag)临床应用的价值。方法对365例乙型肝炎患者血清,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测HBV血清标志物和PreS1Ag,用荧光定量聚合酶链反应(FQ-PCR)方法检测HBV-DNA。结果 HBV-DNA和PreS1Ag的阳性率在110例HBV大三阳中,分别为86.4%和89.1%;在66例HBV小三阳中,分别为36.4%和40.9%;在37例HBsAg、HBcAb中,分别为32.4%和41.7%;在39例HBeAg、HBcAb阳性中,分别为15.4%和15.4%;在113例HBsAb阳性中,分别为5.3%和8.0%。HBeAg、PreS1Ag阳性率随不同载量HBV-DNA升高而增高,但PreS1Ag比HBeAg增高更明显(P<0.05)。结论 PreS1Ag和HBV-DNA一样都是乙型肝炎病毒复制的敏感指标,虽然PreS1Ag和HBeAg都随HBV-DNA载量增加而升高,但PreS1Ag较HBeAg更能敏感,因此PreS1Ag具有重要的临床应用价值。     

术前和产前患者HBV血清标志物的现况调查分析

 目的 调查本院术前和产前患者的HBV感染现状,以评估乙型病毒性肝炎医源性传播的风险.方法 对本院2010年8月就诊的1916例术前、产前患者的HBV血清标志物(乙肝两对半)检查结果,进行回顾性统计分析研究.结果 本院1916例调查对象的HBV血清标志物携带率具有明显的年龄分布差异,其5种血清标志物的总体携带率分别为:HBsAg6.25％,HBsAb 37.42％,HBeAg 1.2％,HBeAb 18.27％,HBcAb 25.37％;50.1％的调查对象5种标志物均为阴性.共发现9种不同的HBV血清标志物阳性类型分布模式,未发现HBsAg与HBsAb同时阳性,或HBeAg与HBeAb同时阳性的模式.结论 我国乙型病毒性肝炎疫苗计划免疫措施已取得很大成效,但因医源性感染而导致的乙型肝炎传播问题仍相当严峻,医院管理者必须对此高度重视,尽早采取更严格有效的控制措施.     

慢性乙型肝炎病毒前S1抗原与HBV-DNA关系分析

目的探讨乙型肝炎病毒前S1抗原与慢性乙型肝炎患者HBV-DNA的关系,寻找乙肝检测更便捷的方法。方法 125例慢性乙肝患者分别使用PCR法测定HBV-DNA的含量,时间分辨免疫荧光法检测前S1抗原。结果 125例样本中,检出乙型肝炎大三阳60例,检出乙型肝炎小三阳65例,在大三阳与小三阳中,前S1抗原的阳性率与HBV-DNA的阳性率未见显著性差异（P〉0.05）。结论 HBV前S1抗原和HBV-DNA有较高的符合率,有很好的相关性,HBV前S1抗原持续阳性代表了疾病的慢性化,甚至发展为肝衰竭、肝硬化及肝癌。     

乙型肝炎相关性肝细胞肝癌HBV血清标志物特征探讨

目的探讨乙型肝炎相关性肝细胞肝癌（HCC）乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）血清标志物特征。方法选择2009年6月~2013年6月临床确诊的有明确HBV感染史的HCC患者312例,分析患者HBV DNA载量,定量检测HBV标志物（包括HBsAg、HBsAb、HBeAg、HBeAb、HBcAb）并分析其组合方式。结果①312例HCC患者中,HBV DNA阳性299例（299/312,95.83%）。HBeAg阳性者41例（41/312,13.14%）,其HBV DNA载量为（5.79±2.53）Log10copies/ml;HBeAg阴性者271例（271/312,86.86%）,其HBV DNA载量为（4.59±1.66）Log10copies/ml（P〈0.01）。②HBV标志物存在6种组合方式,6.09%患者HBsAg阴性,86.86%患者HBeAg阴性。结论 HBV DNA多为低至中等水平,HBV DNA阳性者中高病毒载量者仅为少数;HBeAg阴性者远多于HBeAg阳性者;HBsAg滴度较低,少数患者HBsAg阴性。     

草仙乙肝胶囊治疗慢性乙型肝炎临床疗效观察

目的观察草仙乙肝胶囊治疗慢性乙型肝炎的临床疗效。方法将260例慢性乙型肝炎患者，伴有HBV-DNA阳性、HBeAg阳性及ALT为2UL～5UL随机分成治疗组（草仙乙肝胶囊治疗）和对照组（乙肝解毒胶囊治疗）各130例，疗程6个月，观察两组的HBsAg、HBeAg、HBV-DNA（PCR法，结果〈1．0×10^3copies／ml为阴性）阴转率以及草仙乙肝胶囊对不同载量HBVDNA的影响。结果治疗组HBsAg阴转率、HBeAS阴转率、HBeAg／HBeAb转换率和HBV-DNA阴转率分别为11．5％、33．1％、19．2％和40．0％，高于对照组0.8％、16．1％、2．3％、12．3％（P均〈0．05），对低载量患者HBV-DNA的转阴效果好。结论草仙乙肝胶囊治疗慢性乙型肝炎，是一种安全有效的治疗方法，值得临床推广应用。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.