上海市建设生活垃圾集装化收集系统

20 0 0年至 2 0 0 1年 ,上海市普陀区新建了 31座压缩式生活垃圾收集站。目前 ,普陀区的垃圾压缩站已有 59座 ,生活垃圾集装化运输量占生活垃圾运输总量的 6 3.8% ,基本解决了居民住宅区生活垃圾收集运输车辆的噪音污染和道路污染问题。今年 ,生活垃圾收集运输车辆噪音污染的居民投诉为零上海市建设生活垃圾集装化收集系统     

上海市生活垃圾内河集装化转运信息化系统的研究与实现

阐述了上海市生活垃圾内河集装化转运系统,该系统利用现代化的计算机技术和信息管理系统管理码头生产、短驳作业、船舶调度、数据及报表管理和作业监控,使其形成一个有机的整体,并利用成熟的数据处理技术,使数据转化为生产力。     

环卫集装箱自卸车的研发应用与技术改进

开发研究了环卫集装箱自卸车技术并在填埋场进行试验,根据填埋场作业环境恶劣、道路陡坡、崎岖不平等特殊作业工况,分析了自卸车在实际集装箱吊装、短驳运输、垃圾倾倒、密封环节中出现的问题,提出了具体的改进方案。     

上海市市区生活垃圾内河集装化转运系统集装箱规格方案选择

在分析不同规格集装箱技术方案基础上,通过技术可行性、系统可靠性和安全性、工程实施难度以及投资及运营费用等综合比较,推荐适合上海市拟建的市区生活垃圾内河集装化转运系统的集装箱规格方案--20ft集装箱方案.     

生活垃圾内河集装化水陆联运的可行性分析——以华东地区某城市为例

根据华东地区某城市垃圾收运特点,制定了垃圾集装化水陆联运方案,从经济效益、环境效益、社会效益和实施难易程度等方面对方案的可行性进行分析。结果表明,受运距和规模较小的影响,华东地区某城市垃圾水运的经济性欠佳,且航运条件无法保证,因此建议暂不实施垃圾水运方案。     

吉安市吉州区生活垃圾压缩转运站建设方案分析

结合吉安市吉州区生活垃圾运输现状,提出了压缩式生活垃圾转运站建设方案。通过与运输现状方式成本比较以及经济平衡的计算,论证了方案的可行性。     

金坛市生活垃圾转运站工艺设计

根据江苏省金坛市生活垃圾前端收集运输及末端处置设施情况,选择了适合金坛市生活垃圾中转的水平直接压缩装箱、配备全自动半潜推头式卸料槽及拉臂车转运的工艺组合方案,并结合该工艺方案对转运站进行了合理设计.     

大型垃圾集装化转运系统中转站主体工艺优化分析

介绍了垃圾集装化转运系统的组成,并对该系统的枢纽环节即垃圾中转站的主体工艺进行优化分析,推荐垃圾中转站主体采用垃圾水平预压缩处理、活动地板输送料系统、牵引车牵引拖挂车、标准集装箱转运的工艺方案.     

上海市生活垃圾强制分类对收运体系的初步影响及建议

上海市推行生活垃圾强制分类后,垃圾收运体系能否适应前端分类垃圾理化特性变化是目前环境卫生工程领域的一大科学问题.基于垃圾分类前后现场采样资料,对干、湿垃圾的产生量、物理组成、密度、含水率等各类指标进行分析研究,并初步探讨了分类垃圾理化特性变化对收运体系的影响.结果 表明:生活垃圾强制分类后,干垃圾物理组成以橡塑类为主,其密度、含水率分别为96 kg/m3、36.22％;湿垃圾分出量高、纯净度高,厨余类占比高达99％,其密度、含水率分别为512 kg/m3、78.70％.分类垃圾理化特性变化对收集容器、运输车辆配置及中转站建设和运营等均产生一定影响.对此,提出如下建议:收集容器规格和数量方面,可配置小容积湿垃圾桶、增加垃圾桶购置量;运输车辆方面,可增加垃圾清运频次,车型上改进干垃圾车车厢容积及湿垃圾车密封性设计等;中转站建设方面,可提升集装箱体密闭性、改进污水处理设施工艺等.     

某竖式垃圾分类转运站结构设计探讨

竖式垃圾转运站由于工艺的特殊性及大空间的需求,具有结构层高较高、柱跨较大、单体荷载较大的特点。总结了常见竖式垃圾转运站大跨度框架结构设计要点,并对某转运站的坡道结构设计、设备基础设计及大跨度结构种植屋面等方面设计进行了探讨。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

Fatigue and health in a seafaring population

Background Occupational fatigue is relatively common withinthe general population and has been linked to reduced performance,injury and longer term ill-health. Despite growing acknowledgementof this problem in the maritime sector, little research hasbeen conducted into the risk factors, prevalence and consequencesof seafarers' fatigue. Aims To examine the prevalence of fatigue among seafarers, identifypotential risk factors and assess possible links with poor performanceand ill-health. Methods Cross-sectional questionnaire survey of seafarers workingin the offshore oil support, short-sea and deep-sea shippingindustries. A number of tools were used including the fatiguesubscale of the profile of fatigue-related symptoms, the CognitiveFailures Questionnaire, the General Health Questionnaire andthe SF36 General Health scale. Results In all, 1855 questionnaires were completed giving anoverall response rate of 20%. Fatigue symptoms were associatedwith a range of occupational and environmental factors, manyunique to seafaring. Reporting a greater number of risk factorswas associated with greater fatigue [e.g. OR = 2.53 (1.90–3.35)for those with three or four risk factors and OR = 9.54 (6.95–13.09)for those with five or more risk factors]. There was also astrong link between fatigue and poorer cognitive and healthoutcomes, with fatigue the most important of a number of riskfactors, accounting for 10–14% of the variance. Conclusions Seafarers' fatigue could impact on safety withinthe industry and may be linked to longer term individual ill-health.It can only be addressed by considering how multiple factorscombine to contribute to fatigue.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.