冠脉介入治疗急性心肌梗死合并心源性休克的初步临床观察

目的探讨冠状动脉介入治疗对老年急性心肌梗死(AMI)合并心源性休克的疗效.方法急诊下对16例平均年龄(71.4±4.7)岁的AMI患者的16支梗死相关动脉(IRA)的21处靶病变进行介入治疗.术前IRA平均狭窄99.7%±0.3%,冠状动脉血流(TIMI)0级14例,1～2级2例.其中21处靶病变置入支架20枚,1例失败. 结果IRA和靶病变介入治疗的成功率分别为93.7%及95.2%,87.5%者TIMI血流恢复至3级.无手术并发症及术中发生死亡.平均开通时间(24.3±4.3)min,术后住院期间5例(31.2%)死亡.对出院的11例患者平均随访12个月全部存活.结论急诊冠状动脉介入治疗对高龄AMI合并心源性休克高危患者疗效显著.     

冠脉介入治疗急性心肌梗死合并心源性休克的初步临床观察

目的:探讨冠状动脉介入治疗对老年急性心肌梗死(AMI)合并心源性休克的疗效。 方法:急诊下对16例平均年龄(71.4±4.7)岁的AMI患者的16支梗死相关动脉(IRA)的21处靶病变进行介入治疗。术前IRA平均狭窄99.7％±0.3％,冠状动脉血流(TIMI)0级14例,1～2级2例。其中21处靶病变置入支架20枚,1例失败。 结果:IRA和靶病变介入治疗的成功率分别为93.7％及95.2％,87.5％者TIMI血流恢复至3级。无手术并发症及术中发生死亡。平均开通时间(24.3±4.3)min,术后住院期间5例(31.2％)死亡。对出院的11例患者平均随访12个月全部存活。 结论:急诊冠状动脉介入治疗对高龄AMI合并心源性休克高危患者疗效显著。     

老年急性心肌梗死患者急诊冠状动脉支架术的临床评价

目的　探讨老年急性心肌梗死 (AMI)患者急诊冠状动脉支架术的临床疗效和安全性。方法　共对 95例住院老年AMI患者的 10 4支靶血管、114处靶病变急诊植入冠状动脉支架 110枚。患者术前合并心源性休克 2 9例 ,心肺复苏 3例 ,急诊冠状动脉造影示多支病变 5 8例 ,梗死相关动脉 (IRA)狭窄 99%～ 10 0 % ,心肌梗死溶栓试验 (TIMI)血流 0级 72例 ,1～ 2级 2 3例。结果　IRA开通率 10 0 % ,110枚支架均植入成功 ,术后平均残余狭窄 (0 .4± 3.5 1) % ,全部恢复TIMI 3级血流 ,无操作并发症 ,即刻成功率 10 0 %。从入导管室至IRA开通时间平均 (17.6± 1.87)min。术后共 6例死亡 ,住院期间总病死率 6 .3% ,其中 4例死于不可逆心源性休克 (休克病死率 13.8% )。对出院的 89例随访 1～ 5 2个月 ,平均 (2 5 .1± 12 .3)个月 ,87例存活 ,存活率 97.8%。 2 8例造影随访者中 5例支架内再狭窄 (再狭窄率17.8% )。结论　急诊支架术对老年AMI患者具有理想的即刻和长期疗效。合理选择器械、操作技术熟练和围术期并发症处理经验是保证老年AMI急诊冠状动脉支架术获得高成功率的 3个关键。     

急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗对高龄急性心肌梗死患者的临床疗效分析

目的评价高龄急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者急诊行经皮冠状动脉(冠脉)介入治疗(PCI)的临床疗效和预后.方法对157例发病在18 h以内的高龄AMI患者梗塞相关血管(IRA)急诊行经皮冠脉腔内成形术(PTCA)加冠脉内支架置入术.观察手术前后IRA的狭窄程度、心肌梗死溶栓治疗临床试验(TIMI)血流、成功率和心功能情况.结果157支IRA,163处靶病变平均狭窄程度95%～100%,TIMI血流0～2级,急诊PTCA后共置入158枚冠脉内支架,155支IRA术后完全再通,即刻成功率98.73%.2支IRA因PTCA后无血流未置入支架.经置入冠脉内支架后IRA均恢复到TIMI血流3级,残余狭窄为0%～10%.1例于术中死亡,2例于术后48 h死亡,住院期间总病死率1.91%.术后随访6～15个月,全部存活,心功能分级(NYHA)Ⅰ～Ⅲ级,无严重的心脏不良事件[(死亡、再次心肌梗死、急诊冠脉旁路移植术(CABG)]发生.结论急诊冠脉介入治疗对高龄AMI成功率高,临床疗效显著,能明显降低心脏事件的发生和提高患者的生活质量.     

急性心肌梗死急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗患者院内死亡因素分析

目的:分析急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)手术住院期间死亡的危险因素及死亡原因。方法:438例接受急诊PCI的AMI患者,根据住院期间存活与否,分为死亡组(21例)和存活组(417例),比较两组患者的临床特征和冠状动脉造影及介入治疗结果,分析发生院内死亡的原因及死亡预测因素。结果:死亡组患者中年龄65岁、心功能Killp分级≥Ⅱ级、心源性休克、广泛前壁梗死、多支闭塞(≥2支)、近段闭塞、梗死相关动脉(IRA)开通后即刻TIMI血流≤Ⅱ级、IRA开通后即刻血压下降与存活组相比较差异有统计学意义(均P0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析表明年龄65岁、心功能Killp分级≥Ⅱ级、心源性休克、广泛前壁梗死、IRA开通后即刻TIMI血流≤Ⅱ级是急诊PCI患者围术期死亡的独立预测因素。死亡原因中,心源性休克8例(38.1%)、恶性心律失常6例(28.6%)分居第1和第2位。结论:年龄65岁、心功能Killp分级≥Ⅱ级、心源性休克、广泛前壁梗死、IRA开通后即刻TIMI血流≤Ⅱ级是急诊PCI患者围术期死亡的危险因素。心源性休克、恶性心律失常是急诊PCI手术住院期间主要死亡原因。     

急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗联合主动脉内球囊反搏的临床疗效分析

目的 对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)围术期合并心源性休克(CS)患者联合主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)辅助支持治疗进行临床观察,分析评估与其住院病死率相关的危险因素.方法 58例急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者行急诊冠状动脉(冠脉)造影和(或)PCI,全部病例围术期因合并心源性休克行不同时期的IABP辅助支持,并对其中54例(93.1%)梗死相关动脉(IRA)植入冠脉支架(64枚).回顾性分析患者的临床特征,冠脉造影,PCI治疗情况和住院期疗效.结果 58例患者平均住院12.3天±9.7天,住院期间39例(64.24%)存活(存活组),19例(32.76%)死亡(死亡组).与存活组比较,死亡组患者年龄增大,左主干和三支血管病变增多,术后IRA血流TIMI 0-1级发生率增高(P＜0.05).结论 IABP为急诊PCI围术期合并心源性休克的AMI患者提供稳定的血流动力学支持,高龄、左主干病变、三支血管病变和IRA未充分开通是住院期病死率的主要危险因素.     

直接冠状动脉内支架置入术治疗急性心肌梗死

目的观察急性心肌梗死(AMI)时行无球囊预扩张直接置入冠状动脉内支架治疗的临床效果.方法对22例AMI患者在发病12小时内,未经球囊预扩张而直接置入冠状动脉内支架.梗死相关血管(IRA)(共22支血管),左前降支12例(54.5%),左回旋支5例(22.7%),右冠状动脉5例(22.7%).心肌梗死溶栓试验(TIMI)血流1级5例(22.7%),2级13例(59.1%),3级4例(18.2%).结果 22例患者共置入22个支架,支架置入后 TIMI血流3级21例(95.5%),2级1例(4.5%),残余狭窄为3.2±2.9%,支架置入成功率100%.住院期间无一例死亡、再次心肌梗死及再次靶病变需重复再通治疗.结论急性心血肌梗死(AMI)时行无球囊预扩张直接置入冠状动脉内支架治疗,成功率高、并发症少,TIMI血流3级达到率高.     

国产药物支架在急性心肌梗死急诊介入中的疗效观察

目的评价国产药物支架(Firebird)在急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的安全性及临床疗效。方法诊断ST段抬高AMI患者38例,平均年龄(61±8.3)岁,男性23例,女性15例。发病12h内急诊行PCI治疗,开通梗死相关血管(IRA)后,根据病变原则上行药物支架置入。观察住院期间(15.6±4.2)d心脏主要事件发生情况。结果共置入药物支架42枚,手术成功率100%,IRA为前降支l9例,左回旋支8例,右冠状动脉11例。即刻的前向血流TIMI3级34例,占89.7%,TIMI2级3例,占8.4%,3例术后出现不同程度左心衰,1例患者术后因心源性休克而死亡。结论研究显示国产药物支架在AMI患者行急诊PCI是一种安全有效的治疗方法。     

直接经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术治疗急性前壁心肌梗死合并泵衰竭的体会

目的探讨直接经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术(PTCA)治疗急性前壁心肌梗死(AMI)合并泵衰竭的近期及远期疗效.方法对急性前壁心肌梗死合并泵衰竭发病至入院时间<12小时的28例患者行直接PTCA并置入冠状动脉内支架.结果28例梗塞相关冠状动脉(IRCA)均为左前降支(LAD)近端或起始部,TIMI血流0～Ⅰ级,单支病变15例、双支病变9例、三支病变4例,PTCA即刻成功率100%,IRA血流均达TIMIⅢ级灌注.1例未置入支架者手术后第二天再发胸痛,并发急性肺水肿死亡.27例存活病例随访1～36个月无死亡,LVEF59.8±6.5%.结论对前壁心肌梗死合并泵衰竭,包括对升压药有反应的KillipⅣ级患者行直接PTCA安全、可靠、可明显改善心功能,降低病死率提高近期及远期疗效.     

老年急性心肌梗死急诊介入治疗的临床效果

目的　探讨老年急性心肌梗死 (AMI)患者行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗 (PCI)的临床效果。方法　 6 6例患者 ,年龄 6 0～ 88(6 8.3± 10 .2 )岁 ,其中 >75岁 18例 ;男 5 7例 ,女 9例。患者入院后经临床和心电图诊断 ,AMI诊断按 1979年 WHO提出的 AMI诊断标准。结果　 6 2例患者接受直接 PCI术 ,4例接受补救性 PCI。梗死相关血管 :前降支 2 4支 ,回旋支 11支 ,右冠状动脉 2 1支。有 6 3例患者的病变血管置入进口或国产支架 73枚 ,3例行经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术 (PTCA) ,残余狭窄 0～ 2 0 % ;开通后 6 0例患者血流达 TIMI 3级 ,5例患者 TIMI血流 级 ,1例患者血流 TIMI 0级。并发症与随访 :2例术后 4 8h内心源性休克死亡。对出院的 5 2例患者平均随访 (2 6 .1±13.3)月 (从 1个月至 78个月 ) ,再发急性心肌梗死 2例 ,心绞痛 4例 ,猝死 1例。结论　老年 AMI患者急诊介入性治疗可最大限度地恢复冠状动脉血流 ,手术成功率高 ,严重并发症少 ,是一种安全、有效的方法。尤其适应于高龄、有溶栓禁忌证或伴有心源性休克的患者。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.