Successful treatment of relapsed multifocal nonvisceral infantile myofibromatosis

Infantile myofibromatosis is a very rare tumor in childhood and infancy. The authors report on a 4-year-old boy who presented with two relapses of initially multifocal infantile myofibromatosis without visceral involvement. The lesions of the skull and the abdomen were excised while osteolytic lesions of the limbs were not treated. Chemotherapy or radiation have not been applicated. Three years after initial diagnosis there is no evidence for persistence or recurrence of the tumor.     

Remission of infantile generalized myofibromatosis after interferon alpha therapy

Infantile myofibromatosis is the most common fibrous tumor of infancy. Solitary or generalized myofibromas without visceral involvement usually regress within a few months. The multifocal disease infantile generalized myofibromatosis, with visceral involvement, is associated with a significant mortality due to the effect of tumors on vital organs. We report a case of infantile generalized myofibromatosis with visceral involvement, including 2 right atrium tumors. The infant expressed high circulating vascular endothelial growth factor and fibroblast growth factor-2 levels, and interferon alpha-2b was started as antiangiogenic treatment, aimed at triggering regression of the life-threatening cardiac lesions. The tumors regressed and vascular endothelial growth factor and fibroblast growth factor-2 levels were reduced after treatment discontinuation.     

Congenital generalized infantile myofibromatosis and neonatal hemochromatosis. An autopsy case report

An autopsy case of congenital infantile myofibromatosis and neonatal hemochromatosis is reported. A thirty-six-hour-old baby girl had multiple subcutaneous nodules in addition to multiple visceral involvement of heart, lungs, pharynx, larynx, stomach, small bowel, large bowel, pancreas, kidneys, spleen, thyroid, adrenal glands, lymph nodes, peripheral nerves, meninges and soft tissues. In these tumoral nodules, three types of histological patterns were observed: 1-hemangiopericytoma-like, 2-mixed, and 3-pure spindle cell. Tumor cells were immunohistochemically positive for actin, and negative for desmin, muscle-specific antigen, and estrogen, related protein. The histological and immunohistochemical findings of the case suggested that a close relationship may exist between infantile myofibromatosis and infantile hemangiopericytoma. In addition to infantile myofibromatosis, neonatal hemochromatosis characterized by iron deposition in parenchymatous organs such as liver, pancreas, lungs, thyroid, and adrenal glands was another important characteristic of the case.     

婴幼儿肌纤维瘤病的临床病理学观察

目的 探讨婴幼儿肌纤维瘤病的临床病理特征、诊断及鉴别诊断.方法 12例患儿均以无痛性肿块为主要表现,发病的中位数年龄为4.5个月,病变以头颈部、肩背部、腋下及腿等浅表部位多见;手术切除标本采用HE染色及免疫组织化学技术进行病理学观察,并结合临床资料进行分析.结果 12例患儿都采用了肿瘤完整切除,术后无放疗、化疗,手术切除标本组织学表现:肿瘤大部分由短梭形的、胞质嗜伊红的细胞构成,排列呈螺旋状或束状,肿瘤内血管丰富,呈血管外皮瘤样结构,并见部分血管腔内肿瘤生长,局部见坏死和核异型;免疫组化:肿瘤细胞Vim(+),CD34(+),SMA(+),Des(-),S-100蛋白(-);术后临床平均随访时间约4年,2例出现复发,进行了再次手术,无恶性变发生.结论 婴幼儿肌纤维瘤病是少见的先天性疾病,临床上多表现为体表孤立或多发性无痛性结节,病理学形态复杂,鉴别诊断范围广,本病有一定自限性,局部切除可治愈,但有一定的复发率.     

婴儿型肌纤维瘤病的临床特点

目的 通过对婴幼儿肌纤维瘤病临床特点的分析，提高对本病的认识，掌握鉴别诊断的方法。方法 通过收治的3例患儿的诊治经过，3例在术前均经CT或钡餐检查，并经手术切除或活检和病理检查证实为本病，并结合文献讨论其临床特点。结果 3例患儿分别为2岁，1d和13岁，均以无痛性肿块为主要表现，病变部位分别位于盆腔、会阴部皮下及胃，均经手术治疗和病理证实。结论 本病少见，先天性或发生于2岁以内患儿的孤立性无痛性清表性结节是本病最为显著的临床特点，有自限性，局部切除即可治愈，与硬纤维瘤显著不同。但累及内脏以及全身广泛性病变者预后不良。     

Treatment of generalized infantile myofibromatosis with sorafenib and imatinib: A case report

Infantile myofibromatosis (IM) is characterized by solitary musculoskeletal nodules presenting during infancy but can manifest as multiple lesions with visceral involvement. Multicentric IM with visceral involvement carries a high risk of mortality and there is no consensus on treatment. We present a case of a patient with multicentric IM and pulmonary involvement who progressed on several chemotherapeutic regimens and subsequently had a complete response to sorafenib and later imatinib. This report describes the novel use of sorafenib and imatinib to treat generalized IM and the role of continued tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy to maintain remission.     

Vincristine treatment for function- and life-threatening infantile hemangioma]

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of vincristine treatment for function- and life-threatening hemangiomas. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Nine infants, eight girls and one boy, received vincristine treatment (VCR) for endangering hemangiomas. In six cases, the hemangiomas involved head and neck in a segmental unilateral or bilateral distribution (3/6 also had laryngeal and 2/6 tracheal location causing respiratory distress, 5/6 had eyelid and orbital involvement); one infant had disseminated neonatal hemangiomatosis (skin, liver, kidney); two infants had liver hemangiomas with cardiac failure. VCR was prescribed after failure of high-dosage corticosteroid treatment in six, and of both corticosteroids and interferon alpha 2b (5 months) in one; two infants received VCR as first line treatment. RESULTS: A dosage of 1 mg/m(2) IV injection was delivered, with weekly injections first, and then tapering, increasing the interval between injections, depending on the clinical response. The nine infants received from 5 to 25 injections (average: 16), for a length of treatment of 1.5-8 months (average: 5.5 months). In seven patients a clear clinical response was observed at the end of the first month of treatment, while a slow protracted response was noted in two. Transient mild side effects were present in four patients. DISCUSSION: Corticosteroid treatment, although a worldwide recognized treatment of problematic hemangiomas, cannot always control the growth of alarming hemangiomas. Interferon alpha 2a and 2b have proven a 90% effectiveness: treatment for cortico-resistant, function- and life-threatening, hemangiomas.     

Use of 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine to treat infantile myofibromatosis

A 3-year-old boy had fever and bone pain. Magnetic resonance imaging of his femurs showed marrow replacement; iliac crest marrow biopsy revealed myelofibrosis. Although the pathologic criteria for Langerhans cell histiocytosis were not met, the clinical picture led to treatment with etoposide and methylprednisolone, without clinical improvement. One month after presentation, generalized tonic-clonic seizures occurred, and magnetic resonance imaging revealed parenchymal brain lesions. 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine was used. Because of the unexpected lack of response to etoposide and methylprednisolone, a second bone biopsy was performed. The diagnosis was revised to infantile myofibromatosis. After six courses of 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine, brain and bone lesions regressed, with resolution of the clinical symptoms.     

Major malformations in a case of infantile myofibromatosis

A case of infantile myofibromatosis associated with oesophageal atresia, annular pancreas, additional sacral vertebra and hypoplatic right kidney in a male neonate is reported. The possibility of associated malformations in this rare disease is outlined.     

Successful treatment of orbital rhabdomyosarcoma in two infants using chemotherapy alone

Two infants, 2 months and 13 months of age, were found to have orbital embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas (ERMS). Because of the adversities associated with either surgical exenteration or curative doses of radiation therapy, they were treated with chemotherapy alone. They survive disease-free 5 and 9 years after diagnosis with excellent cosmesis and normal vision. This approach may be suitable for similarly small (<2 cm in diameter) ERMS in other sites. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Successful treatment with cyclophosphamide of life-threatening diffuse hemangiomatosis involving the liver

A female neonate with diffuse hemangiomatosis and hepatic hemangiomas had cardiac insufficiency develop and had failure to thrive. Her disease was unresponsive to prednisone. She received two courses of cyclophosphamide 10 days apart and a final course 2.5 weeks later. Twelve days after the second course of cyclophosphamide, her liver was significantly smaller. She is now 6-years-old, well-developed, and has no signs of hepatomegaly, malnourishment, or heart failure. Cyclophosphamide appears to be a safe, effective, and rapid treatment of life-threatening hemangiomas of infancy.     

Cure of infantile myofibromatosis with severe respiratory complications without antitumour therapy

The prognosis of infantile myofibromatosis (IMF) depends on the organs involved: the prognosis is very poor if vital viscera are affected, but excellent if there is no visceral involvement. We report the case of a boy presenting with a pathological fracture at the age of 6 weeks. Progressive osteolytic lesions in the whole skeleton until the age of 8 months led to respiratory failure due to a softened thoracic wall requiring mechanical ventilation for 11 months. No pulmonary, laryngeal or other visceral involvement was found. In spite of the rapidly progressing disease and serious complications only supportive therapy was given. The lesions subsided gradually leaving slight deformities but normal function. At the age of 3.5 years the boy has an excellent quality of life. Conclusion This case illustrates that even in progressing, complicated multifocal infantile myo fibromatosis (without visceral involvement) the lesions can resolve without antitumour treatment if high quality intensive care is supplemented. Received: 13 January 1997 and in revised form: 11 April 1997 / Accepted: 5 May 1997