Steroidal saponins from the rhizomes of Polygonatum sibiricum

Investigation of the rhizomes of Polygonatum sibiricum led to the isolation of the previously reported neoprazerigenin A 3-O-beta-lycotetraoside [3], its methyl proto-type congener 2, and two new steroidal saponins, sibiricosides A [1] and B [4]. The structures have been determined by spectral means and by comparison with literature data and authentic samples.     

Steroidal glycosides from the rhizomes of Dioscorea spongiosa

A water extract of the rhizomes of Dioscorea spongiosa, which showed antiosteoporotic activity, was examined, and four new pregnane glycosides, named spongipregnolosides A-D (1-4), and two new cholestane glycosides, named spongiosides A (5) and B (6), were isolated together with 15 known glycosides. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic analysis and chemical methods. Among the isolated compounds, spongioside A (5), hypoglaucin G (7), methylprotodioscin (8), and (R)-oct-1-en-3-yl O-alpha-l-arabinopyranosyl-(1-->6)-alpha-d-glucopyranoside (9) showed potent inhibition against bone resorption induced by parathyroid hormone in a bone organ culture system.     

Steroidal saponins from Dracaena surculosa

A phytochemical investigation of the whole plant of Dracaena surculosa resulted in the isolation of nine steroidal saponins, including three new bisdesmosidic spirostanol saponins, named surculosides A (1), B (2), and C (3), and a new bisdesmosidic furostanol saponin (4), which are based on (25S)-spirost-5-ene-1beta, 3beta-diol [(25S)-ruscogenin] as the aglycon. The structures of 1-4 were determined by spectroscopic analysis, including 2D NMR spectroscopic data, and the results of hydrolytic cleavage. The isolated saponins were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells.     

Steroidal saponins from Solanum nigrum

Six new steroidal saponins, solanigrosides C-H (2-7), and one known saponin, degalactotigonin (1), were isolated from the whole plant of Solanum nigrum. Their chemical structures were elucidated using spectroscopic analysis, chemical degradation, and derivatization. All seven compounds were tested for their cytotoxicity using four human tumor cell lines (HepG2, NCI-H460, MCF-7, SF-268). Only compound 1 was cytotoxic, with IC50 values of 0.25-4.49 microM.     

Cytotoxic steroidal saponins from Polygonatum zanlanscianense

Four new steroidal saponins, polygonatosides A-D (1-4), were isolated from the rhizomes of Polygonatum zanlanscianense, together with six known spirostanols (5-10) and a known megastigmane glycoside (11). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis and the results of acidic and enzymatic hydrolysis. The cytotoxic activities of 1-11 against HeLa cells are described.     

Steroidal saponins from the roots of Asparagus cochinchinensis

AIM： To study the chemical constituents of the roots of Asparagus cochinchinensis （Asparagaceae）. METHOD： The compounds were isolated with Diaion HP20, silica gel, and ODS chromatography, and their structures were de- termined on the basis of chemical methods, HR-ESI-MS, and 1 D- and 2D-NMR techniques. RESULTS： Seven compounds were isolated from the n-butanol fraction of the roots of A. cochinchinensis, and their structures were elucidated as （25S）-26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-5β-furostan-3β, 22a, 26-triol-12-one-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside （1）, （25S）-26- O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-22a-methoxy-5β-furostan-3p, 26-diol-12-one-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside （2）, （25S）-26-O-β-D-glucopyra- nosyl-5β-furostan-3β, 22a, 26-triol （3）, （25S）-26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-5β-furstan-3β, 22a, 26-triol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside （4）, （25S）-26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-5β-furostan-3β, 22a, 26-triol-3-O-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-（1, 4）-β-D-glucopyranoside （5）, （25S）- 5β-spirostan-3fl-ol-3-O-a-L-rhamnopyranoside （6）, and （25S）-5β-spirostan-3β-ol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside （7）. CONCLUSION： Compounds 1 and 2 were two new furostanol saponins.     

不同产地黄精中多糖含量的比较

目的 :比较不同产地黄精中多糖的含量。方法 :硫酸蒽酮比色法 ,线性范围 4 .12～ 2 0 .6 0 μg·ml- 1 (r=0 .9988)。结果 :以葡聚糖计 ,安徽九华山、贵州、湖南、河南周口、云南、河南济源、河北等地黄精中多糖含量分别为 :17.79% ,13.19% ,8.2 5 % ,11.4 7% ,10 .99% ,4 .4 7% ,9.91%。结论 :不同产地黄精中多糖的含量差异明显 ,其中以安徽九华山产黄精中多糖的含量最高     

Steroidal and pregnane glycosides from the rhizomes of Tacca chantrieri

The rhizomes of Tacca chantrieri have been analyzed as part of a systematic study on saponin constituents of medicinal plants. This has resulted in the isolation of three new bisdesmosidic furostanol saponins (1-3), two new bisdesmosidic pseudofurostanol saponins (4, 5), and two new pregnane glycosides (6, 7). Their structures were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic studies and a few chemical transformations.     

Cytotoxic steroidal saponins from the rhizomes of Asparagus oligoclonos

Two new steroidal saponins, aspaoligonins A (2) and B (3), were isolated from the methanolic extract of the rhizomes of Asparagus oligoclonos together with a known spirostanol saponin, asparanin A (1). Aspaoligonins A and B were characterized as (25S*)-5beta-spirostan-3beta,17alpha-diol 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside and (25S*)-5beta-spirostan-3beta,17alpha-diol 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyanosyl (1-->4)-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->2)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside, respectively, by spectrometric analyses including HRFABMS and 2D NMR. Compounds 1-3 were cytotoxic against five human tumor cell lines with IC50 values of 2.05-2.84 microg/mL.     

Two new steroidal saponins from the rhizomes of Dioscorea zingiberensis简

AIM： To investigate the chemical constituents of Dioscorea zingiberensis C. H. Wright. METHODS： The compounds were isolated by various chromatographic techniques, and the structures of the new steroidal sapon- ins were elucidated by extensive 1D- and 2D-NMR, MS, and IR spectral analysis. RESULTS： The 70% EtOH extract of the rhizomes of Dioscorea zingiberensis afforded two new steroidal saponins, zingiberenosides A （1） and B （2）, along with eight known analogues, 3fl, 26-dihydroxy-25（R）-furosta-As＇ 20（22）-diene-3-O-a-L- rhamnopyranosyl-（1→2）-O-β-D-glucopyranoside （3）, methyl parvifloside （4）, deltoside （5）, methyl deltoside （6）, zingiberensis new saponin （7）, deltonin （8）, progenin III （9） and diosgenin-diglucoside （10）. CONCLUSION： Two new steroidal saponins were isolated from Dioscorea zingiberensis and their structures determined.     

黄精的炮制研究

目的探讨黄精合适的炮制方法,为黄精的炮制理论研究与实践提供依据。方法通过冲刷法去杂质,改良重蒸法加以炮制,严格控制蒸、焖以及烘烤的时间和温度,并对炮制过程中重量、颜色、品味的变化过程进行记录和对比。结果黄精经炮制后其多糖含量明显下降,炮制过程当中,根茎的重量减少77.3%左右时,其重量几乎不再减少,折干率为22.7%左右。结论经冲刷法去杂质,改良重蒸法加以炮制的黄精从里到外乌黑发亮,质地柔软,有粘性,薄片者光亮透明,无刺激性及副作用,糖性浓烈,口感好,利于服用。     

崂山黄精与玉竹辨析

目的对崂山采集到的黄精与玉竹进行鉴别。方法应用植物形态鉴别,性状鉴别,显微鉴别,理化鉴别的方法。结果崂山黄精与玉竹在植物形态、药材形状、显微组织结构、纸色谱上均有细微差异。结论4种鉴别方法可将崂山黄精与玉竹辨析区分。     

玉竹中甾体皂苷及高异黄酮类化合物的波谱学特征

玉竹为我国传统中药材,甾体皂苷类和高异黄酮类化合物是其主要活性成分。结合国内外文献,笔者对玉竹中的甾体皂苷及高异黄酮类化合物的化学结构和波谱学特征进行了归纳总结,为今后这两类化合物的结构鉴定和核磁波谱数据归属提供了参考依据。     

温度与黄精种子萌发试验

黄精种子适宜发芽温度２５℃－２７℃，种子在常温下干燥贮藏发芽率６２％，拌湿砂在１℃－７℃低温下贮藏，发芽率９６％，种子采收后当年播种或第二年春季播种，均在第二年夏季长根，在根的基部形成小根茎，第三年出苗。将小根茎经过４５－６０天０℃－－２℃低温处理，当年可以出苗。     

Steroidal saponins from Smilax medica and their antifungal activity

Three new steroidal saponins (1-3) were isolated from the roots of Smilax medica, together with the known disporoside A (4). The structures of the new compounds were elucidated mainly by extensive spectroscopic analysis (1D and 2D NMR, FABMS, and HRESIMS). Compounds 1, 2, and 4 demonstrated weak antifungal activity against the human pathogenic yeasts Candida albicans, C. glabrata, and C.tropicalis, with MIC values between 12.5 and 50 microg/mL.     

Steroidal saponins from the bark of Dracaena draco and their cytotoxic activities

From the stem bark of Dracaena draco, three new compounds, namely, draconins A-C (1-3), were isolated, along with 17 known compounds. The structures of the new compounds isolated were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data interpretation. Several of the isolated compounds showed potent cytotoxic activities measured on the human leukemia cell line HL-60 (IC(50)'s from 2.0 to 9.7 microM at 72 h). The mechanism by which compounds 1 and 2 display their cytostatic properties is through induction of cell death by apoptosis, as evaluated by fluorescence microscopy and DNA fragmentation.     

RAPD标记法鉴定中药黄精及长梗黄精的研究

目的对中药黄精及主要掺伪品长梗黄精进行鉴别,确保中药使用的安全有效。方法采用原植物鉴定、性状鉴定、显微鉴定和RAPD手段,对随机引物进行筛选,通过1.8%琼脂糖凝胶电泳分离PCR产物。结果通过筛选23种RAPD引物,得到CTGGGGCTGA,GCTGGCTGAC,TCCCGAACCG三种引物,经PCR扩增产生足够的多态性谱带用于分析。结论RAPD技术为黄精与长梗黄精的区分提供了分子鉴别依据。     

管花鹿药中2个新的甾体皂苷

目的 研究管花鹿药Maianthemum henryi中的甾体皂苷类成分及其细胞毒活性。方法 采用硅胶柱色谱、葡聚糖凝胶LH-20柱色谱以及半制备高效液相色谱等方法分离,根据MS、IR、NMR和GC等数据鉴定化合物的结构,MTT法测定化合物的细胞毒活性。结果 从管花鹿药乙醇提取物的正丁醇部位分离鉴定了2个甾体皂苷类化合物,分别鉴定为(23S,24S)-螺甾-5,25(27)-二烯-lβ,3β,23,24-四醇1-O-α-L-鼠李糖基-(1→2)-β-D-呋糖苷（1）和(23S,24S)-螺甾-5,25(27)-二烯- lβ,3β,21,23,24-五醇1-O-α-L-鼠李糖基-(1→2)-β-D-呋糖苷（2）,化合物1和2对2种肿瘤细胞的细胞毒活性的半数抑制浓度（median inhibition concentration,IC₅₀）值均大于100 μmol/L。结论 化合物1和2为新化合物,分别命名为管花鹿药皂苷K（1）和管花鹿药皂苷L（2）;两者均未表现出细胞毒活性。     

卷丹甾体皂苷和酚类成分及其抗氧化活性研究

目的对卷丹Lilium lancifolium的鳞茎进行甾体皂苷和酚类成分及其体外抗氧化活性研究。方法应用多种柱色谱(包括正相、反相和凝胶柱色谱)分离和波谱分析方法对卷丹进行分离和结构鉴定,采用ABTS自由基和DPPH自由基清除法对化合物的抗氧化活性进行筛选研究。结果从卷丹中分离得到11个化合物,分别鉴定为顺-1-O-对香豆酰基甘油酯(1)、反-1-O-对香豆酰基甘油酯(2)、咖啡酰基甘油酯(3)、3,4-二羟基苯甲醛(4)、邻羟基苯甲酸(5)、(25R,26R)-26甲氧基螺甾烷-5-烯-3β-O-α-L-鼠李糖-(1→2)-[β-D-葡萄糖-(1→6)]-β-D-葡萄糖苷(6)、(25R,26R)-3β,17α-羟基-26甲氧基螺甾烷-5-烯-3β-O-α-L-鼠李糖-(1→2)-[β-D-葡萄糖-(1→6)]-β-D-葡萄糖苷(7)、薯蓣皂苷元3-O-{O-α-L-鼠李糖基-(1→2)-O-[β-D-木糖基(1→3)]-β-D-葡萄糖苷}(8)、(25R)-3β,17α-二羟基-5α-螺甾烷-6-酮-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖基-(1→2)-β-D-葡萄糖苷(9)、(25R)-3β-羟基-5α-螺甾烷-6-酮-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖基-(1→2)-β-D-葡萄糖苷(10)、(25R)-螺甾烷-5-烯-3β-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-(1→2)-[β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→6)]β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(11)。体外抗氧化活性实验结果显示酚类化合物1～5对ABTS和DPPH自由基清除作用较强,抗氧化活性较强;而甾体皂苷类抗氧化活性比酚类化合物弱。结论化合物1～5和9、10为首次从该植物中分离得到。卷丹鳞茎中的酚类化合物和甾体化合物对不同自由基具有不同程度的清除作用,有一定的抗氧化活性。     

不同遮阴条件对黄精生长发育的影响

目的:为黄精高效优质栽培技术集成提供研究基础。方法:采集野生黄精资源,移栽后采取遮阴处理,设一层、二层、三层市售50%遮阴网试验组与对照组4个处理,考察各处理黄精生长特性、移栽成活率与农艺性状等指标,用DPS与SPSS软件处理数据。结果:不同遮阴条件下光照强度、土层温度、黄精生长特性、移栽成活率与农艺性状均存在差异,其中茎粗、叶长、叶宽与叶长宽比等指标存在显著(P0.05),甚至极显著差异(P0.01)。供试黄精平均成活率为80.3%,显著优于对照组(76.8%),其中以二层遮阴处理效果最好,该处理组株高、茎粗、叶长、叶宽与果实个数等农艺性状表现最优。结论:大出栽培黄精在3月中旬至9月采取市售50%二层遮阴网(遮阴度74.6%)处理有利于黄精生长,改善农艺性状指标,提高移栽成活率。