树突状细胞对不同诱导时间LPAK抗肝癌作用的影响

目的　比较ＤＣ对诱导４ ｄ（Ｌ４） 和诱导７ ｄ（Ｌ７） 的ＬＰＡＫ 细胞体外杀伤人肝癌细胞株ＢＥＬ－ ７４０２（Ｂ） 的杀伤力和杀伤模式的影响．方法　Ｌ４ 组为Ｂ＋ Ｌ４ ,ＬＤ４ 组为Ｌ４ 组＋ ＤＣ;Ｌ７ 组为Ｂ＋ Ｌ７ ,ＬＤ７ 组为Ｌ７ 组＋ ＤＣ．Ｌ４ 和Ｌ７ 与Ｂ的效靶比均为５∶１ 和１０∶１两种． 采用杀伤细胞检测技术及电镜技术,比较各组的杀伤效应和杀伤模式．结果　各组的细胞毒活性为ＬＤ４ ＞ Ｌ４（ Ｐ＜ ０－０１） ,ＬＤ７ ＞ Ｌ７（ Ｐ＜ ０－０１） ．Ｌ４ 组和ＬＤ４ 组的ＢＥＬ７４０２ 细胞呈现不同程度的变性坏死,Ｌ７ 组和ＬＤ７ 组的ＢＥＬ７４０２ 细胞则呈现不同程度的凋亡改变．结论　ＤＣ对不同诱导时间的ＬＰＡＫ 细胞体外杀伤肿瘤细胞都有明显的促进作用,但并不改变ＬＰＡＫ 细胞对肿瘤细胞的杀伤模式．     

树突状细胞体外诱导抗肝癌免疫

目的应用树突状细胞（ＤＣ）在体外诱导高效而特异抗肝癌免疫．方法自肝癌患者外周血中分离ＤＣ;以粒／巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（ＧＭＣＳＦ）及白介素４（ＩＬ４）联合刺激ＤＣ;以人肝癌细胞系ＨｅｐＧ２肿瘤细胞的肿瘤相关抗原（ＴＡＡ）激活ＤＣ;ＤＣ诱导自体Ｔ淋巴细胞增殖、分化为细胞毒性Ｔ细胞（ＣＴＬ）;检测ＣＴＬ及其上清液对ＨｅｐＧ２肿瘤细胞、ＬＯＶＯ肿瘤细胞及ＨＯＳ８６０３肿瘤细胞的细胞毒作用．结果经人肝癌细胞系ＨｅｐＧ２肿瘤细胞的ＴＡＡ激活并经ＧＭＣＳＦ及ＩＬ４联合刺激后,肝癌患者外周血ＤＣ能够诱导自体Ｔ淋巴细胞增殖分化为ＣＴＬ,该ＣＴＬ及其上清液对ＨｅｐＧ２肿瘤细胞均有高效而特异性的杀伤作用（杀伤率分别为９２％±１０５％和４１％±８９％）．结论肝癌患者外周血ＤＣ体外能够诱导高效而特异抗肝癌免疫．提示ＤＣ作为一新概念上的抗肿瘤疫苗可能在肿瘤治疗及预防中发挥重要作用．     

树突状细胞瘤苗对肝癌术后复发和转移的影响

将43例肝癌根治术后患者随机分为治疗组和观察组。治疗组19例,术后行5个周期树突状细胞（DC）瘤苗治疗;对照组24例,术后无辅助治疗。结果发现,DC治疗组患者1、2．3a无瘤生存率明显高于对照组;治疗组和对照组的1、2、3a总体生存率比较无统计学差异。认为DC瘤苗治疗安全可行,在肝癌根治术后能延缓术后肿瘤复发和转移,能成为肝癌术后的一种新辅助治疗手段。     

肝癌患者细胞因子分泌和肿瘤浸润巴细胞杀伤肝癌细胞的研究

和为探讨肝癌肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞（ＴＩＬ）杀途肝癌细胞的作用机制,用航向电镜观察了ＴＩＬ与肝癌细胞共同培养后,ＴＩＬ吸附、包绕和吞噬自体和ＥＢＬ－７４０２肝癌细胞、促使肝癌细胞凋亡。接受ＴＩＬ治疗的肝癌术后患者,外周血单个核细胞（ＰＢＭＣ）产生干扰素（１ＦＮγ）活性和血清肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦ－α）活性,明显高于手术对照组。与单纯手术治疗组比较,ＴＩＬ组生存时间明显延长。肝癌术后应用ＴＩＬ的疗效显著优于     

热休克蛋白70激发树突状细胞抗肝癌作用的实验研究

目的探讨以树突状细胞（DC）为载体，用肝癌细胞提取的热休克蛋白70-肿瘤肽复合物（HSP-PC）刺激DC，观察经活化后的DC对肝癌细胞SMMC-7721的杀伤作用。方法用脐带血在体外培养诱导DC，用从SMMC-7721提取的HSP70—PC与DC共同培养，检测其对肝癌细胞的杀伤活性。结果经HSP70-Pc刺激后的DC对SMMC-7721的杀伤能力明显高于单纯DC对肿瘤细胞的杀伤能力。结论用HSP70—PC刺激的DC经体外实验证实具有明显的抗肿瘤效应，为临床肿瘤免疫治疗的开展提供了有效的数据。     

树突状细胞增强细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞抗神经胶质瘤细胞作用及机制研究

目的探讨细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞（CIK）与树突状细胞（DC）共培养后DC-CIK混合细胞抗神经胶质瘤细胞的免疫作用。方法分离健康人外周血单个核细胞,分别于体外诱导DC和CIK,然后共培养成DC-CIK细胞。实验分DC组、DC-CIK组、DC-T组和CIK组。Elisa试剂盒检测各组培养上清中IL-12和IFN．1的含量,流式细胞仪检测细胞表型,CCK一8法体外检测对神经胶质瘤细胞的杀伤活性。结果DC-CIK组培养上清中IL-12和IFN-1的含量分别为（110．24±2．22）mg／L和INF·Y／（913．46±20．64）mg／L,明显高于其它三组（P〈0．05）。DC—CIK组cDi细胞（61．34-1．31）％、CD3／CD56细胞（29．4±1．03）％也明显增加（P〈0．05）。对神经胶质瘤细胞的杀伤活性,DC—CIK组为（54．67±2．62）％,与DC组（19．44±1．07）％、DC—T组（21．27±1．85）％和CIK组（36．52±2．06）％比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论DC—CIK细胞能诱导明显的神经胶质瘤细胞杀伤活性,为颅内肿瘤的免疫治疗提供了依据。     

树突状细胞与肝癌的免疫治疗

近20年来通过对树突状细胞(dendritic cells,DC)的研究,学者们逐渐认识到DC是目前发现的功能最强的抗原提呈细胞,DC是启动、调控、并维持免疫应答的中心环节。成熟活化的DC除了与初始型T细胞相互作用诱导抗原特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞外,还可以通过直接或间接方式影响B细胞的增殖,活化体液免疫应答;     

经卡介苗活化的负载PANC1裂解产物的树突状细胞疫苗体外抗胰腺癌作用

目的 探讨负载胰腺癌细胞株PANC1裂解产物(tumor lysate,TL)的树突状细胞(dendritic cells,DC)经卡介苗(CGB)活化后诱导的自体淋巴细胞体外抗胰腺癌效应.方法 应用rhGM-CSF和rhIL-4从健康人外周血单个核细胞诱导培养DC,用TL负载DC,并用CGB促其成熟.倒置相差显微镜观察DC形态,流式细胞仪检测细胞CD1a、CD83、CD86及HLA-DR表型,ELISA法检测培养上清液中TNF-α和IL-12p70含量.CCK-8检测DC诱导自体混合淋巴细胞的增殖率以及活化淋巴细胞对PANCl、PaTu8988及SCG7901细胞的杀伤率.结果 CGB活化负载TL的DC后,CD83和CD86阳性率分别从(3.7±0.3)%和(38.6±5.0)%显著增加至(16.5±0.6)%和(76.5±2.5)%(P＜0.05);DC分泌的IL-12p70和TNF-α量分别从(20.18±2.06)pg/ml和(61.38±1.19)pg/ml显著增加至(62.48±3.80)pg/ml和(592.53±17.96)pg/ml(P＜0.01);DC与自体混合淋巴细胞以1∶100、1∶50、1∶10、1∶5的比例共培养,淋巴细胞增殖率分别从(3.90±1.41)%、(4.07±0.40)%、(3.39±1.05)%、(2.82±0.39)%显著增加至(55.38±3.58)%、(75.00±2.54)%、(77.07±3.40)%、(99.07±2.40)%(P＜0.01);DC活化淋巴细胞对PANC1细胞的杀伤率在效靶比为1∶5、1∶10、1∶20、1∶50时分别可达(71.73±0.46)%、(49.44±0.98)%、(31.76±2.77)%、(19.03±3.04)%,但对PaTu8988和SCG7901细胞的杀伤率显著降低.结论经CGB活化的胰腺癌DC疫苗成熟度增加,体外表现出高效特异的抗胰腺癌细胞的效应.     

肺癌细胞裂解物负载对树突状细胞分泌的exosome诱导抗肿瘤作用的影响

目的为制备高效的胞外体（exosome）肿瘤疫苗提供理论依据。方法用细胞因子诱导培养树突状细胞（DC）,将肺癌细胞裂解物负载DC,提取exosome用exosome活化T细胞（负载组）,以未负载DC的exosome（未负载组）及肺癌细胞裂解物负载DC（DC组）活化的T细胞为对照,MTr法检测三组肺癌细胞的杀伤率。结果exosome中有HSP70、HLA及CEA表达。活化T细胞／肺癌细胞为25：1、10：1、5：1时负载组杀伤率均明显高于未负载组及DC组（P均〈0．05）。结论肺癌细胞裂解物负载能增强DC分泌的exosome诱导的抗肿瘤作用;本研究为制备高效的exosome肿瘤疫苗提供了理论依据。     

人肝癌细胞与LAK细胞凋亡的超微结构比较

目的比较观察人肝癌细胞株ＢＥＬ７４０２细胞与ＬＡＫ细胞体外凋亡的超微结构．方法将ＢＥＬ７４０２细胞、人血树突状细胞和人ＬＡＫ细胞（淋巴因子和ＰＨＡ激活的杀伤细胞）共同置于含１００ｍＬ／Ｌ新生牛血清的１６４０培养液内，在３７℃，５０ｍＬ／Ｌ，ＣＯ２，饱湿条件下培养６ｈ．另将ＬＡＫ细胞单独置于含有环磷酰胺的上述培养液内，在同样条件下培养６ｈ．收集沉淀细胞制备电镜样本．细胞经２５ｇ／Ｌ戊二醛和２０ｇ／Ｌ锇酸双固定，ＰＤＡＰ包埋，超薄切片，常规染色，透射电镜观察．结果凋亡的ＢＥＬ７４０２细胞与ＬＡＫ细胞，其细胞核染色质浓缩、边集，核碎裂，离散的碎片外包以双层膜，一些线粒体也变得致密．然而，在有些凋亡的ＢＥＬ７４０２细胞内，可见浓缩的细胞碎片向细胞外出芽隆起，形成膜包的凋亡小体；其线粒体和粗面内质网的变化也较为复杂．结论凋亡的ＢＥＬ７４０２细胞与ＬＡＫ细胞均具有凋亡细胞的基本特征，但是两种凋亡细胞具体的形态表现不尽一致．表明细胞内的主要细胞器主动参与了凋亡过程．     

Generation of functionally mature dendritic cells from the multipotential stem cell line FDCP-mix

Dendritic cells (DCs) are crucial components of the immune system because of their unique ability as antigen-presenting cells for the initiation of a primary immune response. DCs, macrophages (Ms) and granulocytes (Gs) are believed to originate from a common myeloid progenitor cell. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms leading to DC sublineage commitment. To establish a cell system that allows the molecular and biochemical analysis of DC differentiation and activation, we used the murine non-leukaemic, multipotential stem cell line FDCP-mix. FDCP-mix cells were cultured in various amounts of GM-colony stimulating factor (CSF) and interleukin (IL)-4 for up to 16 d and analysed for morphology, expression of CD34, c-kit, Gr-1, Mac-1, CD40, MHC-I, MHC-II and co-stimulatory molecules (CD80, CD86) using flow cytometry, and for their capacity to present foreign antigen to autologous T cells. Up to d 7, the majority of FDCP-mix cells consisted of cells differentiating along the G and M lineage. Thereafter, the number of dendritic cells increased until d 13. Differentiation along the DC lineage vs. the G and M lineage was favoured when FDCP-mix cells were cultured in high concentration GM-CSF (500 U/ml) throughout the culture and IL-4 from d 9 onwards. The dendritic cells generated from FDCP-mix cells were large, non-adherent cells with veiled processes and expressed MHC II, CD40, CD80 and CD86. After pulsing with a foreign antigen (keyhole limpet haemocyanin), FDCP-mix-derived dendritic cells stimulated [(3)H]-thymidine incorporation of naive T-cells in an autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). Our results show that functionally mature dendritic cells are generated from the multipotential stem cell line FDCP-mix. This cell line thus provides the unique possibility of establishing multipotential transgenic cell lines capable of differentiation along the DC lineage. The experimental system described here should prove a valuable tool for studying DC differentiation and function.     

Effects of cytotoxic T lymphocytes on hepatoma cell line SMMC-7721 induced by different subsets of dendritic cells in vitro

BACKGROUND: Dendritic cells (DCs) loaded with complex antigen are always used to induce cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) which have a specific anti-tumor activity. However, CTLs can assault autologous cells induced by DCs loaded with autologous antigen. This study aimed to explore how to weaken the autoimmune reaction induced by DC vaccine by combining mature DC (mDC) activating immunity and immature DC (imDC) leading to immune tolerance to make hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) vaccine in vitro. METHODS: DC progenitors derived from human peripheral blood were assigned to two groups. One was cultured to mDC and pulsed with frozen-thawed antigen (FTA) of human HCC cell line SMMC-7721 cells (mDC group), and the other was cultured to imDC and pulsed with FTA of human liver cell line L-02 cells (imDC group). The morphology of DCs was monitored and cells phenotypes including HLA-DR, CD80, CD1α, CD83 were assayed by flowcytometry (FCM). The concentrations of interleukin-12 (IL-12) in the supernatant were assayed by ELISA. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) was used to evaluate T cell proliferation induced by mDC and imDC and the killing rate of CTL induced by mDC and imDC respectively/together on SMMC-7721 and L-02 cells. RESULTS: Compared with the imDC group, the mDC group was characterized by the following: increased secretion of IL-12 (P<0.05); higher expression of HLA-DR, CDla, CD80, CD83; and stronger activity in stimulating proliferation of isogenic T cells (P<0.05). CTL induced by the mDC group had a significant killing response to SMMC-7721 as well as a higher killing rate for L-02 (P>0.05). CTL induced by mDC and imDC together had a higher killing response to SMMC-7721, but a lower killing rate for L-02(P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: CTL induced by mDC and imDC together has a higher antigen-specific killing response in vitro than that induced by mDC alone. This may be of greater clinical value.     

Interaction between cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil and vincristine on human hepatoma cell line (7721)

AIM To evaluate the killing effects of CDDP, 5-Fu and VCR on human hepaoma cell line (7721).METHODS The median-effect principle was used.RESULTS Killing effects of the individual drug were enhanced as the median concentration increased. Antagonism was produced when two drugs were used at a higher concentration (CI＞1), and synergism was achiened when CI＜1. Finally, the effect was influenced by both the ratios of drug concentration and the sequence of administration.CONCLUSION The drug administration order and drug concentrations are significant factors that need to be considered in clinical practice.INTRODUCTIONThe combined chemotherapy for malignant carcinoma is desired to produce efficacious synergism between each drug, alleviate side effects of drugs and delay drug resistance. Clinically, the interaction (namely synergism, summation and antagonism) of different anticancer drugs in combination is usually evaluated by Chou-Talalay′s combination index (i.e., median-effect principle)[1-9]. In this paper the combination effect between Cisplatin (Cis), 5-Fluorouracil (5-Flu) and Vincristine (VCR) on human hepatoma cell line 7721, was analyzed in vitro.     

树突状细胞诱导的抗肿瘤免疫诱导移植瘤细胞凋亡并抑制其增殖

目的研究树突状细胞(DC)体外诱导的细胞免疫能否抑制裸鼠移植瘤生长及其机制.方法联合应用粒/巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)及白介素-4(IL-4)直接从肝癌患者外周血中培养出DC,以源于人肝癌细胞系HepG2肿瘤细胞的肿瘤抗原粗提物刺激DC,DC激活同源的T淋巴细胞产生细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL),建立裸鼠人肝癌细胞系HepG2移植瘤模型.以CTL治疗裸鼠HepG2移植瘤并观察治疗效果,检测移植瘤标本肿瘤细胞凋亡情况.结果DC诱导的CTL通过诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡并抑制其增殖而抑制移植瘤生长.结论经肿瘤抗原激发的DC有可能在肿瘤的治疗中发挥重要作用.     

人脾脏树突状细胞大量培养的新方法

目的：建立人脾脏单核细胞体外培养生成大量树突状细胞的新方法。方法：人脾脏细胞悬液培养2h获得贴壁的单核细胞,加入重组人粒细胞－巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（rhGM-CSF)100μg/L或rhGM-CSF100μg/L 重组人白细胞介素－4（rhIL-4)500kU/L,体外培养7天,收集悬浮细胞,以流式细胞仪分析细胞表型及抗原内蚕能力,体外混合淋巴细胞反应检测细胞抗原呈递功能。结果：以细胞因子培养7天生成的悬浮细胞,20％－80％表达树突状细胞（DC）特异性标志CD1a,表达高水平的HLA－DR、B7－1、B7－2分子,具有较强的抗原内吞能力,体外可以强烈刺激同种T细胞增生,其形态,表型与人外周血单核细胞获得的DC相似。结论：从人脾脏获得的贴型的单核细胞,体外以GM-CSF rhIL-4培养,可以获得极其大量的DC（＞10^9细胞／个脾脏）为进一步研究和应用打下了基础。     

Severe decrease in peripheral blood dendritic cells in hairy cell leukaemia

Clinical studies in hairy cell leukaemia (HCL) have linked the frequent occurrence of infections due to intracellular pathogens and a profound monocytopenia. More recently, dendritic cells (DC), a subset of which are related to monocytes, were shown to be the professional antigen-presenting cells which stimulate the adaptive immune response. Using membrane markers and flow cytometry, we determined in peripheral blood whether various DC subsets and monocytes were impaired in HCL. Lymphoid and myeloid DC were virtually absent in five HCL patients with active disease. After treatment, both DC and monocytes recovered slowly. The decrease in DC suggests that defective antigen presentation could affect susceptibility to intracellular pathogens in HCL.     

CAL72: a human osteosarcoma cell line with unique effects on hematopoietic cells

Permanent osteoblastic cell lines are potential tools to study the interactions between osteoblastic and hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow cavity. In a recent work we have shown that the osteosarcoma cell line CAL72 may be more closely related to normal osteoblasts than the osteosarcoma cells previously described. In the present work we continued the characterisation of the CAL72 cell line with regard to its effects on various hematopoietic cells, in coculture experiments. We show here that CAL72 cells, in contrast to MG-63 or SaOS-2 osteosarcoma cell lines, do not inhibit hematopoietic colony formation and sustain the limited expansion of hematopoietic progenitors in a similar way to that described for normal osteoblasts. We also demonstrate that CAL72 cells induce the monocytic differentiation of the promyelocytic HL-60 cell line like MG-63 and SaOS-2, but support a better maturation and a longer survival of the differentiated cells than the two other osteosarcoma cell lines. In order to better understand the differential effects observed between CAL72 and MG-63 or SaOS-2, we analysed the cytokine and chemokine mRNA expression of these cells using the RNase protection quantitative assay. We show here that the expression profile of CAL72 is clearly different from that of MG-63 or SaOS-2 and may explain, at least in part, its specific effects on hematopoietic cells. Taken together these experiments confirm that CAL72 has particular properties and is an interesting tool to study the role of osteoblastic cells in hematopoietic cell growth and differentiation.     

雷公藤内酯醇对人树突状细胞体外发育及免疫学功能的影响

目的：观察雷公藤内酯醇对人树突状细胞（dendritic cells,DC）体外发育及免疫学功能的影响。方法：人DC体外培养时,加入不同剂量（0、0.3、1.0、3.0、10、30、100μg/L）的雷公藤内酯醇处理,观察DC的生成情况,以流式细胞仪分析各处理组生成细胞的免疫表型及抗原内吞能力,体外混合淋巴细胞反应检测各组细胞的抗原呈递功能,TUNEL方法检测细胞凋亡。结果“体外培养7天后,10μg/L及以上剂量雷公藤内酯醇处理组细胞大部分破坏死亡。低剂量（0.3、1.0、3.0μg/L）雷公藤内酯醇处理对生成的DC的形态及数量、共刺激分子的表达、内吞蛋白质抗原OVA－FITC的能力、同种T细胞的免疫刺激活怀均无显著影响;但正常DC与同种T细胞混合培养时,雷公藤内酯醇以剂量依赖性方法抑制T细胞的增生;正常DC以30μg/L雷公藤内酯醇处理24h,有54％的细胞发生凋亡;结论：低剂量（0.3、1.0、3.0μg/L）的雷公藤酯醇处理对DC的体外发育及免疫功能均无显著影响,高剂量则阻止DC发育生成及诱导DC调亡。