不同磨牙关系的安氏Ⅱ类错[牙][合]上下颌牙量关系的对比研究

目的：通过比较不同磨牙关系的安氏II类错殆Bolton指数及Bolton不调量，探讨不同磨牙关系的安氏Ⅱ类错胎患者在上下颌牙量关系方面的差异。方法：以安氏Ⅱ错骀162例为研究对象，按照磨牙关系不同分为磨牙关系远中尖对尖组（简称尖对尖组）114例，磨牙关系完全远中组（简称完全远中组）48例，分别对其模型进行牙冠宽度测量，计算Bolton指数，再根据Bolton指数正常值获取上颌Bolton不调量。两组之间进行统计学分析。结果：完全远中组全牙、前牙Bolton指数比值均大于尖对尖组，有统计学差异（P〈O．05）。两组错胎间全牙Bolton不调的分布比率表现出统计学差异（P〈O．05）。而前牙Bolton不调的分布比率未表现出统计学差异。两组错黯间Bolton不调量总和与Bolton不调程度的分布比率的比较未表现出统计学差异。结论：不同磨牙关系的安氏II类错胎畸形在上下颌牙量关系方面存在差异，在治疗时应该加以重视。     

前磨牙拔除模式对不同错牙合畸形Bolton指数全牙比的影响

目的探讨前磨牙拔除模式对不同错牙合畸形Bolton指数全牙比的影响。方法选取180副牙性与骨性错牙合类型一致的患者模型,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类每组60例,计算各组拔牙前和采用4种前磨牙拔除模式拔牙后的Bolton指数全牙比,以87%～89%为拔牙后Bolton指数全牙比参考值,对各组4种拔牙模式下Bolton指数全牙比的
异常率进行卡方检验。结果3组完整牙列Bolton指数全牙比差异有统计学意义（P=0.000）;Ⅰ、Ⅱ类组不同模式拔牙后Bolton指数全牙比异常率差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,Ⅲ类组不同模式拔牙后异常率差异有统计学意义,拔除的异常率小于拔除（P=0.002）。结论从牙量协调的角度考虑,Ⅰ、Ⅱ类错牙合畸形采用4种拔牙模式均可,Ⅲ类错牙合畸形拔除的模式优于 。     

拔除单个下颌切牙矫治安氏Ⅰ类错满意病例Bolton指数分析

目的：研究在拔除单个下颌切牙矫治安氏Ⅰ类错中Bolton指数的变化。方法：选取安氏Ⅰ类错22例拔除单个下颌切牙治疗结束的满意病例,计算矫治前后记存模型的Bolton指数,并计算模拟拔出4个前磨牙矫治前后记存模型的Bolton指数。结果：①拔除单个下颌切牙治疗前Bolton指数前牙比为83.51±2.66,全牙比为92.74±2.09;矫治后的前牙比为69.39±2.41,全牙比为87.05±1.90,矫治前后的前牙比或全牙比均有显著性差异（P〈0.01）。②模拟拔除4个前磨牙矫治前Bolton指数前牙比为83.51±2.66,全牙比为92.74±2.09;矫治后的前牙比为83.51±2.66,全牙比为91.77±2.76,矫治前后的前牙比无显著性差异（P〉0.05）,全牙比有非常显著性差异（P〈0.01）。③拔除下颌单个切牙矫治与模拟拔除4个前磨牙矫治Bolton指数前牙比或全牙比均有非常显著性差异（P〈0.01）。结论：Bolton指数较大的安氏Ⅰ类错,尤其前牙比过大者,选择拔除下颌单个切牙矫治是一种有效的设计方法。     

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目的分析山东地区各类错拾患者Bolton指数及Bohon指数不调的发生率。方法选取2005-2009年山东省口腔医院及济南市口腔医院正畸科收治的180例错拾畸形患者的石膏模型,按Angle错铪分类法分为Angle I、Ⅱ、Ⅲ 3组,每组60例。测量并分析Bohon指数。结果山东地区不同错矜患者的BOIton指数前牙比、全牙比在性别及错袷类型方面的差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,与中国人正常拾相比差异亦无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。以中国人正常牙争Bohon指数±2个标准差为标准,山东地区错袷患者的前牙比、全牙比不调的发生率分别为14．44％、6．66％,且不同类型错矜间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。以iBohon不调量（TSD）J≥1．5mm为标准时,Bolton指数前牙比、全牙比不调的发生率分别为17．23％、40．00％,Angle I类错矜全牙比不调的发生率与Anglem类错铪相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论中国人正常袷的Bolton指数比值同样适用于山东地区各类错拾患者;与Bolton指数的百分比值相比,TSD的实际值可以为临床正畸医生提供更多有关牙量不调的信息。     

不同骨性错(牙合)畸形Bolton不调的测量分析

目的:了解Bolton指数在各类骨性错(牙合)畸形的分布特点、性别差异及上、下颌牙量关系在各类骨性错(牙合)畸形中可能所起的作用.方法:选择符合标准的180副模型,每种骨性错(牙合)各60副(男、女各30副),分别测量12颗恒牙(左右第一恒磨牙之间)的近远中宽度,计算各组前牙比和全牙比,采用SPSS15.0软件包对测量数据分别进行t检验、方差分析和x2检验.结果:各组错(牙合)男女的前牙比和全牙比无显著差异,骨性Ⅲ类错(牙合)的前牙比和全牙比与Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类错(牙合)有显著差异,骨性Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类错(牙合)的前牙比和全牙比无显著差异,骨性Ⅲ类错(牙合)的前牙比和全牙比人数分布与Ⅱ类具有显著性差异.结论:骨性Ⅲ类错(牙合)的前牙比和全牙比较骨性Ⅰ类、骨性Ⅱ类大,且其前牙Bolton不调的人数比例较大.     

拔除单个下颌切牙矫治安氏Ⅰ类错(牙合)满意病例Bolton指数分析

目的:研究在拔除单个下颌切牙矫治安氏Ⅰ类错(牙合)中Bolton指数的变化.方法:选取安氏Ⅰ类错(牙合)22例拔除单个下颌切牙治疗结束的满意病例,计算矫治前后记存模型的Bolton指数,并计算模拟拔出4个前磨牙矫治前后记存模型的Bolton指数.结果:①拔除单个下颌切牙治疗前Bolton指数前牙比为83.51±2.66,全牙比为92.74±2.09;矫治后的前牙比为69.39±2.41,全牙比为87.05±1.90,矫治前后的前牙比或全牙比均有显著性差异(P<0.01).(②模拟拔除4个前磨牙矫治前Bolton指数前牙比为83.51±2.66,全牙比为92.74±2.09;矫治后的前牙比为83.51±2.66,全牙比为91.77±2.76,矫治前后的前牙比无显著性差异(P>0.05),全牙比有非常显著性差异(P<0.01).③拔除下颌单个切牙矫治与模拟拔除4个前磨牙矫治Bolton指数前牙比或全牙比均有非常显著性差异(P<0.01).结论:Bolton指数较大的安氏Ⅰ类错(牙合),尤其前牙比过大者,选择拔除下颌单个切牙矫治是一种有效的设计方法.     

各类错（牙合）畸形的上下颌牙量关系的研究

目的 探讨各类错He畸形上下颌牙量关系的差异。方法 本文对166例安氏I类、安氏Ⅱ类1分类、安氏Ⅱ类2分类、安氏Ⅲ类患者模型的上、下领牙量，上、下前牙量、全牙比及前牙比进行比较研究。结果 未发现组间存在统计学差异；同时对错He组间B01ton指数不调的比率进行分析，亦未发现有统计学差异。但发现纳入各组样本中，Bolton指数不调的比率较高。结论 结果临床上对Bolton指数分析应予以足够重视。     

安氏Ⅱ类错(牙合)畸形牙冠宽度和Bolton指数测量分析

目的 分析安氏Ⅱ类错(牙合)畸形患者的Bolton指数,并探讨其上下牙量关系对其症状及疗效的影响.方法 以安氏Ⅱ类1分类和2分类错(牙合)畸形患者各100例为研究对象,分别进行牙冠宽度测量并计算Bolton指数.结果 安氏Ⅱ类1分类错(牙合)的前牙宽度比安氏Ⅱ类2分类错(牙合)大,差异有统计学意义.Bolton指数不调的基本分布情况为:指数正常组＞指数过小组＞指数过大组.Bolton指数前牙比和全牙比呈现安氏Ⅱ类2分类错(牙合)＞安氏Ⅱ类1分类错(牙合),但其差异无统计学意义.结论 安氏Ⅱ类错(牙合)中有约50％病例Bolton指数在正常值范围之外,存在上下牙量不协调.     

乌鲁木齐地区错[牙合]畸形患者Bolton指数的分析研究

目的探究乌鲁木齐地区三种安氏错[牙合]畸形患者Bolton指数及Bolton比不调的发生情况。方法对240例正畸患者石膏模型的Bolton前牙比和全牙比进行测算,得出Bolton指数范围以及Bolton比不调的发生情况。结果乌鲁木齐地区错牙合畸形患者Bolton指数前牙比及全牙比不调发生率分别为57.08%、40.83%。该地区错[牙合]畸形患者Bolton比与国人平均正常[牙合]Bolton比之间无统计学差异(P>0.05)。Bolton指数不调发生率在安氏Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类、Ⅲ类之间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。男女之间Bolton比值不调发病率不存在统计学差异(P>0.05)。以牙齿大小不调量大于(或)等于1.5 mm作为Bolton不调量的指标,前牙不调和全牙不调发生率分别为15.4%、15%。结论乌鲁木齐地区错牙合畸形患者中Bolton指数不调的发生率偏高,应重视其在指导正畸初诊病例分析诊断中的意义并将其纳入常规正畸诊断分析的重要指标之一。     

十堰地区错(牙合)畸形患者Bolton指数的测量

目的:分析十堰地区各类错(牙合)畸形患者Bolton指数及Bolton指数不调发生率的差异.方法:随机选择325例不同类型错(牙合)畸形患者的记存模型,分别测量上、下颌全牙量和前牙量,计算Bolton指数值及Bolton指数不调的发生率,进行统计学分析.结果:安氏Ⅰ类和安氏Ⅲ类错(牙合)前牙Bolton指数及全牙弓Bolton指数均大于安氏Ⅱ类1分类错(牙合)病例,且具有统计学差异(P<0.05);安氏Ⅰ类错(牙合)Bolton指数不调发生率大于安氏Ⅱ类1分类及安氏Ⅱ类2分类,安氏Ⅲ类错(牙合)Bolton指数不调发生率大于安氏Ⅱ类1分类错(牙合)病例,有统计学差异.结论:不同类型错(牙合)畸形病例的Bolton指数及Bolton指数不调发生率有统计学差异,正畸治疗前进行Bolton指数分析非常重要.     

β函数拟合正常(牙合)牙弓形态的研究

目的　本研究应用β函数,通过比较正常的三种牙弓形态,评价其对不同牙弓形态的拟合程度。方法　选择22副个别正常模型(男4人,女18人),平均年龄为13.6岁。分为三组:方圆形8副、卵圆形10副、尖圆形4副。将模型平行于平面扫描到计算机。由中切牙接触点、双侧尖牙牙尖点和双侧第二恒磨牙远中颊尖点五个点确定个体弓形。计算模型上其他各点与曲线的拟合度-相关系数(r)以及各点到拟合曲线的垂直距离之和、平均距离。比较β函数对三组弓形的拟合程度。结果　1β函数模拟22副模型的拟合度-相关系数(r)均大于0.96。三组曲线拟合度-相关系数(r)没有差别。2 方圆组上、下颌牙弓各点到拟合曲线的垂直距离之和、平均距离均比尖圆组大,P<0.05。3 三组弓形的 e值具有显著性差异,P<0.01。4 上颌磨牙宽度、深度分别比下颌大 4.9mm、4.4mm, P<0.001。而上、下颌牙弓 e值没有显著差异。结论　β函数可以较好地拟合正常弓形,对尖圆形牙弓比方圆形牙弓拟合更准确。β函数参数e值大小可以区分方圆、卵圆和尖圆三种牙弓形态。正常个体上、下颌牙弓形态相似。     

Evaluation of dental arch width and form changes after orthodontic treatment and retention with a new computerized method.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate longitudinal arch width and form changes and to define arch form types with a new computerized method. Maxillary and mandibular models of 21 Class II Division 1 patients were examined before treatment (T(0)), after treatment (T(1)), and an average of 3 years after retention (T(2)). Arch width measurements were made directly on scanned images of maxillary and mandibular models. Arch form changes at T(0)-T(1) and T(1)-T(2) were evaluated by superimposing the computer-generated Bezier arch curves with a computer program. Types of dental arch forms were defined by superimposing them with the pentamorphic arch system, which included 5 different types of arch forms: normal, ovoid, tapered, narrow ovoid, and narrow tapered. Maxillary arch widths were increased during orthodontic treatment. Mandibular posterior arch widths were also increased. The expansion of the mandibular arch forms was less than in the maxillary arch forms. Arch width changes were generally stable, except for reduction in maxillary and mandibular interlateral, inter-first premolar, and mandibular intercanine widths. Pretreatment maxillary arch forms were mostly tapered; mandibular arch forms were tapered and narrow tapered. In maxillary arch forms, 76% of the treatment changes were maintained. Mandibular arch form was maintained in 67% of the sample, both during treatment and after retention. In mandibular arches, 71% of orthodontically induced arch form changes were maintained.     

Tooth size discrepancies and arch parameters among different malocclusions in a Jordanian sample

The objectives of this study were to determine the mean mesiodistal tooth width of the dentition, Bolton anterior and overall ratios, arch length, and arch width in the different malocclusions in a Jordanian sample. The mesiodistal tooth width, arch width, and length were measured on a total of 140 orthodontic models of school students aged 13-15 years of different occlusal relationships (Class I, Class II division 1, Class II division 2, and Class III malocclusions). Anterior and overall Bolton ratios were calculated. The mean and standard deviation were calculated. Student's t-test and analysis of variance were used for the statistical analysis. The results show that (1) females have smaller teeth than males; (2) Class III malocclusion showed larger teeth than the rest of the other occlusal categories; (3) no statistically significant differences were found in Bolton ratios between the different malocclusions; (4) Class II division 1 showed the narrowest maxillary arch compared with the other types of malocclusion; (5) the mandibular intercanine width was significantly larger in Class III group than in Class II division 1 and Class II division 2 groups; (6) the maxillary arch was significantly longer in Class II division 1 than in Class II division 2; and (7) the mandibular arch of both Class II categories was significantly shorter than Class III malocclusion group. In conclusion, tooth size differences were found between right and left sides, between females and males, and between the different malocclusions. Arch width and length also showed differences among the different malocclusions.     

Comparison of arch forms between Korean and North American white populations

The purpose of this study was to evaluate morphologic differences in the mandibular arches of Korean and North American white subjects. The subjects were grouped according to arch form (tapered, ovoid, and square) to compare the frequency distribution of the 3 arch forms between the ethnic groups in each Angle classification. The sample included 160 white (60 Class I, 50 Class II, and 50 Class III) and 368 Korean (114 Class I, 119 Class II, and 135 Class III) subjects. The most facial portion of 13 proximal contact areas was digitized from photocopied images of the mandibular dental arches. Clinical bracket points were calculated for each tooth according to mandibular tooth thickness data, and then 4 linear and 2 proportional measurements were taken. Arch width was statistically significantly smaller in the white group than in the Korean group, but arch depth did not differ. In the Korean group, the most frequent arch form was square, whereas in the white group the tapered arch form predominated. When the subjects were regrouped by arch form, the Korean arches had a tendency to be larger and deeper than the white arches within each of the 3 arch form types.     

Bolton tooth size ratio and its relation with arch widths,arch length and arch perimeter: A cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) study

Objective. The prime aim of the study was to measure and compare the 3D CBCT Bolton tooth size ratio in relation to the upper and lower arch widths, arch length and arch perimeter. Materials and methods. The data source was CBCT high volumetric data from the archives. Tooth size, arch widths, arch length and arch perimeter were measured in maxilla and mandibular arches. The independent t-test and ANOVA were used for statistical analyses. Results. The female Bolton anterior ratio (BAR) (78.373) and Bolton overall ratio (BOR) (93.231) show a greater tooth size ratio in comparison to male BAR (77.162) and BOR (93.124), respectively. However, no significant difference was found in the sexual comparison of all the measurements. Tooth size ratio in arch width groups also showed no significant difference. Significant discrepancies in the arch length (p < 0.05) groups and overall ratio and in the arch perimeter groups (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01) and anterior ratio were revealed. Conclusions. Tooth size ratios during orthodontic treatment for different arch length and arch perimeter groups need to be evaluated carefully.     

广西壮族正常牙合青少年牙弓测量分析(模型研究Ⅱ)

目的：得出壮族正常He青少年牙弓宽度、长度、相关指数比率、腭盖高度等的均值及标准差，从而分析壮族人的牙弓形态特征。方法：测量广西壮族正常He青少年的100副牙He模型（男女各50副）得出相关数据。测量结果进行统计学处理并与国内外的相关资料进行对比研究。结果：壮族青少年牙弓宽度和长度除长度在切牙区外均男性大于女性（P＜0．05），腭盖高度男性大于女性（P＜0．01），相关比率男女无差异（P＞0．05）。壮族人的牙弓形态无论男女前部均较平，牙弓长度相对短，总体成方圆型。结论：壮族青少年的牙弓形态有其独特特征，临床矫治时应考虑本地区的特点。     

Relationships between the upper central incisor crown forms and degree of labial inclination,overbite, and overjet in Japanese young adults

PURPOSEThe present study aimed to investigate the relationships between the crown form of the upper central incisor and their labial inclination, overbite, and overjet.MATERIALS AND METHODSMaxillary and mandibular casts of 169 healthy dentitions were subjected to 3D dental scanning, and analyzed using CAD software. The crown forms were divided into tapered, square, and ovoid based on the mesiodistal dimensions at 20% of the crown height to that at 40%. The degree of labial inclination of the upper central incisor was defined as the angle between the occlusal plane and the line connecting the incisal edge and tooth cervix. The incisal edges of the right upper and lower central incisor that in contact with lines parallel to the occlusal plane were used to determine the overbite and overjet. One-way ANOVA was performed to compare the labial inclination, overbite, and overjet among the crown forms.RESULTSThe crown forms were classified into three types; crown forms with a 20%/40% dimension ratio of 1.00±0.01 were defined as square, >1.01 as tapered, and <0.99 as ovoid. The labial inclination degree was the greatest in tapered and the least in square. Both overbite and overjet in tapered and ovoid were higher than those in square.CONCLUSIONUpper central incisor crown forms were related to their labial inclination, overbite, and overjet. It was suggested that the labial inclination, overbite, and overjet should be taken into consideration for the prosthetic treatment or restoring the front teeth crowns.     

上海地区213例错He患者Bolton指数的测量分析

目的了解Bolton指数在上海地区的错(牙合)患者中有无性别差异,分布情况如何及应用于各类错(牙合)畸形是否有差异.材料和方法把符合标准的213副模型按Bolton正常值和一个标准差分为过小、正常、过大三组,测量它们的前牙比和全牙比,进行统计分析.结果Bolton指数正常的患者最多,Bolton指数过大的患者最少.前牙比过大的患者中Ⅲ类均数远大于I类;全牙比过小的男性患者中Ⅱ类均数远大于Ⅲ类.结论错(牙合)患者人数分布有差异,Bolton指数在各类错(牙合)畸形中有差异.