SIVmac239感染中国恒河猴动物模型组织病理学变化

目的探讨中国恒河猴艾滋病模型的组织病理学变化以及引发这些变化的机制,为艾滋病防治研究提供参考资料。方法用SIVmac239毒株经静脉感染2只中国恒河猴,4个月后处死动物,常规尸检。取淋巴结、心、肝、脾、肺、肾、消化管等组织10%中性福尔马林固定,石蜡包埋后切片,HE染色、免疫组化及特殊染色,光镜观察。结果(1)感染猴的病理组织学改变以免疫系统为主,表现为淋巴结滤泡的增生、萎缩、或二者兼有,部分淋巴结淋巴滤泡内细胞稀疏,纤维组织增生伴有免疫复合物(immune complex,IC)沉着,出现"焚毁"现象。(2)脾脏增大伴脾小结内血管及其内皮细胞增生,并伴有IC沉着。(3)其它部位的黏膜相关淋巴组织亦有不同程度的增生、萎缩。结论SIVmac239感染中国恒河猴动物模型的病理变化与人HIV极为相似,表明该模型是艾滋病防治研究的有用工具。     

Bcl-xL基因在正常皮肤血管组织、增生及退化期血管瘤组织中的表达

背景：有文献报道Bcl-xL基因能抑制细胞凋亡,并可能参与血管形成,但目前Bcl-xL基因在恶性肿瘤中的研究较多,而在血管瘤的研究较少。 目的：应用免疫组织化学染色法检测增生期和退化期血管瘤和正常皮肤血管组织中Bcl-xL基因的表达。 方法：收集有完整临床和病理资料的40例皮肤血管瘤手术切除标本,包括增生期血管瘤22例,退化期血管瘤18例。另取瘤组织周围正常皮肤组织5例作为对照。采用免疫组织化学染色方法检测Bcl-xL在各组中的表达,并结合Ⅷ因子相关抗原的免疫组织化学染色证实表达Bcl-xL阳性表达的细胞为血管瘤组织中的内皮细胞,并测定Bcl-xL在各组中的平均吸光度和平均阳性面积率。 结果与结论：增生期血管瘤内皮细胞胞浆内可见较多的棕黄色颗粒沉积,Bcl-xL表达呈强阳性;退化期血管瘤和正常皮肤组织内皮细胞胞浆内可见少量的棕黄色颗粒或无棕黄色颗粒,Bcl-xL表达弱或无表达。增生期血管瘤与退化期血管瘤和正常皮肤组相比,Bcl-xL阳性表达的平均吸光度和阳性面积率明显增高(P < 0.01)。结果显示,Bcl-xL为抗凋亡基因,在增生期时呈高表达,其促进了血管内皮细胞的增殖,参与了血管瘤的增生。     

子宫内膜间质肿瘤病理学进展

子宫内膜间质肿瘤是一类少见的子宫肿瘤,约占女性生殖道恶性肿瘤的0．2％,大多数学者认为其组织起源为子宫原始间叶细胞,其肿瘤细胞在形态上类似正常增生期子宫内膜的间质细胞。近年来,随着病理形态学、免疫组织化学、分子生物学的发展,对子宫内膜间质肿瘤的认识也越来越深入。     

组织蛋白酶L及其抑制剂Cystatin C在曲张大隐静脉平滑肌细胞中的表达

目的:组织蛋白酶L(Cat L)及其抑制剂Cystatin C在曲张大隐静脉平滑肌细胞(SMC)中的表达。方法:术中收集曲张及正常大隐静脉标本,采用免疫组织化学、荧光免疫组织化学染色方法及计算机图像分析技术观察检测。结果:免疫组化染色可见Cat L、Cystatin C分别在曲张、正常大隐静脉中免疫反应阳性,阳性细胞主要位于SMC胞质;曲张组SMC中Cat L阳性细胞平均光密度值明显增高,Cystatin C明显降低,与正常组间差异显著;荧光免疫组织化学染色可见Cat L与曲张大隐静脉SMC共定位,Cystatin C与正常大隐静脉SMC共定位。结论:在曲张大隐静脉的SMC中Cat L表达增强,Cystatin C表达下降。这一改变可能作为大隐静脉曲张的生物学标志。     

CD138 在宫颈病变组织中的表达及临床病理学意义

目的:研究CD138在宫颈正常黏膜组织、上皮内瘤变(CINⅠ/Ⅱ和CINⅢ)和宫颈鳞癌组织中的表达,探讨CD138在宫颈鳞癌淋巴结转移、CD68表达、微血管密度和临床分期中的临床病理学意义。方法:采用免疫组织化学方法检测CD138在120例宫颈鳞癌、106例CINⅢ、14例CINⅠ/Ⅱ、54例正常子宫黏膜组织中的表达情况。结果:CD138表达在宫颈癌组织最低,其次是正常宫颈黏膜组织、CINⅠ/Ⅱ和CINⅢ最高,其差异具有显著性意义(P0.001)。CD138表达率在未发生淋巴结转移的宫颈癌组高于淋巴结转移组(P0.05)。在宫颈癌早期(0期和Ⅰ期)CD138的表达率最高,在Ⅱ期表达率最低(P0.001)。CD138表达率在宫颈癌组织中CD68呈阳性组明显低于阴性组(P0.05)。宫颈癌微血管密度在CD138表达呈阳性组明显低于阴性组(P0.05)。结论:CD138是宫颈鳞癌发生发展过程的抑制因素之一,尤其在淋巴结转移中作用明显,因此可作为判定宫颈鳞癌进程的参考指标。     

结直肠肿瘤P53蛋白表达与肿瘤临床病理学特征及预后的关系

应用免疫组织化学方法观察７２例结直肠、１１例腺瘤、３０例癌旁粘主１５例正常粘膜Ｐ５３蛋白表达及其与肿瘤临床病理学特征和预后的关系。结果显示：结直肠癌Ｐ５３蛋白阳性率为５０％，腺瘤的阳性率为１８．１８％（Ｐ＜０．０５），阳性细胞主要分布在腺瘤的增生区或不典型增生区；正常粘膜、癌粘膜Ｐ５３蛋白均阴性。Ｐ５３蛋白阳性的结直肠癌多呈浸润性生长方式，且以浸润至浆膜外者居多，患者片存率较Ｐ５３蛋白阴性者（Ｐ＜     

胃黏膜活检组织中腺瘤的病理组织学特点及其鉴别诊断

目的 探讨胃黏膜活检组织中腺瘤的病理组织学特点及其鉴别诊断.方法 对87例胃黏膜活检标本,其中包括胃腺瘤27例、炎症性灶性异型增生20例、慢性萎缩性胃炎伴异型性增生20例、慢性浅表性胃炎不伴有异型增生20例进行组织形态学观察,并采用SP免疫组织化学方法进行了CEA、PCNA、Ki-67、p53、LN抗原标记.结果 病理组织学上具有异性增生的畸形腺窝灶,又无明确的病因及炎症性改变.其细胞学特点有核间变:表现为核的体积增大及形态不规则,并出现1个或多个核仁,核分裂象≤2个/10 HPF.组织学上有腺体结构的异常,多数病例腺管比较规则,少数腺管可出现不同程度分支状结构,显示出腺体的大小及轮廓不规则.基底膜尚完整.腺瘤的间质少而疏松,腺体排列密集.免疫组织化学染色结果:CEA弱或中等阳性表达,PCNA阳性细胞数30%～60%之间, Ki-67阳性细胞数20%～40%之间,p53呈阴性表达.结论 胃腺瘤的病理组织学是上皮内瘤变存在,但必须排除炎症引起的异型增生、萎缩性胃炎引起的代偿性增生和胃腺癌.     

胃癌CEA的免疫组织病理学研究

在Gold和Freedman从结肠腺癌和胎儿结肠粘膜组织浸液中分离出癌胚抗原(CEA)的二十年间,人们对CEA做了比较广泛深入的研究。尤其在胃肠道和其它器官的上皮性肿瘤,不但借助检测血中CEA含量来评价手术、化疗的效果,而且可做为癌细胞的标志物用于脱落细胞学的诊断上。近年,随着免疫组织化学方法的进展,人们已开始了对CEA在局部组织细胞的定位研究。本文应用ABC免疫酶标记枝术,对胃癌组织细胞内CEA含量和分布特点做了观察。并对其与胃癌大体类型,组织学类型和癌周淋巴结转移间的关     

多器官功能障碍综合征小鼠肺间质树突状细胞的病理学观察

目的探讨肺间质树突状细胞在多器官功能障碍综合征（MODS）免疫紊乱及脏器损伤机制中的变化与作用。方法C57BL／6小鼠腹腔注射酵母多糖复制MODS模型,分为正常、3—6h（致伤早期）、12～48h[失控性全身炎性反应（SIRS）期]、5～7d（恢复期）和10～12d（MODS期）组。光镜与电镜观察各组小鼠肺及间质树突状细胞的病变;运用免疫组织化学方法检测间质树突状细胞表面标记物CD11c和CD205,共刺激分子CD80和CD86在肺中的表达水平;逆转录-聚合酶链反应法检测趋化因子SLC及其受体CCR7在肺中的表达情况;流式细胞术检测MODS各期小鼠外周血CD4^＋与CD8^＋的T淋巴细胞数量与比值。结果致伤早期,肺间质树突状细胞显著增生,共刺激分子CD80和CD86低水平表达,趋化因子SLC及其受体CCR7在肺组织中表达水平开始上升,外周血T淋巴细胞CD4^＋／CD8^＋比值下降;SIRS期,间质树突状细胞继续增生,CD80和CD86标记阳性细胞数显著上升（与正常组比较均P〈0．01）,SLC与CCR7在肺组织中表达明显高于正常组（均P〈0．01）,外周血T淋巴细胞CD4^＋／CD8^＋比值明显下降（与正常组比较P〈0．01）;MODS期,肺间质树突状细胞高度增生,但CD80和CD86表达显著减少（与SIRS期比较P〈0．01）,肺组织中SLC表达水平继续上升,而CCR7表达水平明显下降（与SIRS期比较P〈0．01）,外周血T淋巴细胞CD4^＋／CD8^＋比值显著下降。结论肺间质树突状细胞在MODS中的变化可能参与并影响了MODS病程中的免疫失衡与免疫抑制过程。CCR7的表达水平可以作为估价间质树突状细胞迁移活性和机体免疫应答水平的一个指标。     

子宫内膜组织ER,PR及PCNA表达与子宫内膜增生 …

探讨子宫内膜增生过长的发病机理。为临床内分泌治疗提供理论基础，方法：应用免疫组织化学Ｓ－Ｐ法，对手术切除和诊刮的６７例不同时期子宫内膜和不同类型增生过长子宫内膜标本进行ＥＲ，ＰＲ和ＰＣＮＡ含量分析。结果：ＥＲ，ＰＲ在正常增生期子宫人膜中的含量显著高于分泌期，在单纯性增生工和复杂性增生过长宫内膜中ＥＲ，ＰＲ的含量也有显著差异。     

成年大鼠最后区神经干细胞的检测及鉴定

目的 观察性别决定基因高迁移率组蛋白( SOX2)和巢蛋白(Nestin)阳性表达细胞及溴脱氧尿密啶核苷（BrdU）阳性标记细胞在最后区的分布。方法 成年雄性SD大鼠12只,6~8周龄,随机分为两组,每组6只。一组大鼠按照50mg/kg（0.3ml）腹腔注射BrdU,连续3d给药,每天2次;另一组注射等量生理盐水。4d后灌注大鼠,行免疫组织化学及免疫荧光检测。 结果 免疫组织化学染色显示,SOX2阳性表达细胞在最后区的腹侧部呈明显的V字形分布,背侧部呈带状分布,中央部散在分布。Nestin阳性表达细胞在最后区的腹侧部呈明显的V字形强阳性分布,中央部呈弱阳性表达。在最后区可见少量阳性BrdU标记细胞。SOX2/BrdU荧光双标染色显示,SOX2阳性表达细胞较密集分布,可见少量SOX2/BrdU双阳性细胞。SOX2/Nestin荧光双标染色显示,SOX2阳性表达细胞较密集分布,可见少量SOX2/Nestin双阳性表达细胞。结论 最后区SOX2及Nestin阳性细胞密集表达,呈明显的区域分布;在最后区内存在少量BrdU阳性标记细胞及SOX2/BrdU和SOX2/Nestin双阳性细胞;最后区可能存在神经干细胞/祖细胞。     

新生小鼠胃内组胺免疫反应细胞的形态及分布

目的：观察出生后小鼠胃内组胺免疫反应细胞的个体发生、分布、形态及数量变化。方法：免疫组织化学技术。结果：小鼠出生后第5天,胃体部粘膜上皮中出现组胺阳性细胞,此后随着胃体部粘膜的发育,组胺阳性细胞数量明显增多,密集分布于胃体部粘膜下1/3处的上皮内。胃粘膜下层中也可见少量组胺弱阳性细胞。上皮内的组胺阳性细胞多为闭合型,胞体较小,常聚集、环抱壁细胞。结论：小鼠胃体部粘膜中组胺阳性细胞出现的时间较G细胞、D细胞、EC细胞晚,随着小鼠的生长发育,其数量呈显著性增加。位于胃粘膜下1/3处上二皮内的组胺阳性细胞可能为肠嗜铬样细胞（ECL细胞）,ECL细胞释放的组胺,有可能通过旁分泌的方式作用于壁细胞。     

死亡受体5在小鼠神经增殖细胞中的表达

目的 探讨死亡受体5(DR5)对神经细胞增殖的影响.方法 采用5-溴脱氧尿嘧啶核苷(BrdU)、DR5、Doublecortin(DCX)等抗体免疫荧光标记法,检测各发育阶段(从胚胎期至生后成年,共100只小鼠)脑组织内DR5阳性细胞的表达变化,以及DR5阳性细胞与神经增殖细胞的关系.]结果在胚胎期和新生鼠中,DR5阳...     

Analysis of rat hemopoietic cells using monoclonal antibodies

Rat hemopoietic cells were analyzed with immunohistochemical technique, binding inhibition assay and flow cytometer using a monoclonal antibody (UB-12) to rat fetal liver hemopoietic cells. UB-12 positive cells were recognized in only red pulp but not in white pulp of spleen. The number and fluorescence intensity of UB-12 positive cells in spleen appeared to reach to peak at 6 weeks old occupying about 60 to 70% of total cells in red pulp. On the other hand, OX-7 (anti-Thy-1) positive and W3/13 (anti-leuko-sialoglycoprotein) positive cells were found in both red and white pulp, but not in marginal zone of spleen. UB-12 antigen was found on the surface of the cells only in the early stages of hemopoiesis: relatively large nuclei of UB-12 positive cells were rich in heterochromatin. There were a large number of free-ribosomes and some mitochondria in cytoplasm, and a centriole was observed in cytoplasm at some sections of UB-12 positive cells. From the EPICS analysis of adult rat bone marrow cells using UB-12, OX-7 and W3/13 monoclonal antibodies, the percent of UB-12, OX-7 and W3/13 positive cells was 82%, i.e., 18% was negative from these monoclonal antibodies. UB-12 single positive, OX-7 single positive and W3/13 single positive cells were 7%, 7% and 47%, respectively. The percent of triple positive cells with these antibodies was about 2%.     

Heterogeneity of nitric oxide synthase-containing neurons in the mouse main olfactory bulb

The distribution and structural features of nitric oxide [corrected] synthase (NOS) containing intrinsic neurons were studied in the mouse main olfactory bulb (MOB). NOS positive neurons were heterogeneous, including some subpopulations of periglomerular cells, granule cells, interneurons in the external plexiform layer, superficial and deep short-axon cells and stellate cells. NOS positive periglomerular cells were frequently calretinin immunoreactive and, although rarely, calbindin positive. Importantly, some middle and external tufted cells were also confirmed to be NOS positive, some of which were also cholecystokinin (CCK) positive. Retrograde tracer experiments showed that some NOS positive tufted cells, which were also CCK positive, constitute the intrabulbar association system and the projection system to the olfactory tubercle. In addition, another particular subpopulation of NOS positive neurons with no or little CCK immunoreactivity appeared to project to areas covering the dorsal endopiriform nucleus, claustrum and insular cortex. Furthermore, diverse types of neurons other than mitral/tufted cells were also suggested to be projection neurons of the MOB. The present study revealed the diversity of NOS positive neurons in the mouse MOB and further revealed that they were different from those reported previously in the rat MOB in structural and chemical properties.     

Perinatal development of the rat kidney: Apoptosis and epidermal growth factor

ABSTRACT  Localization of apoptotic cells in the kidney of perinatal rats was examined by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated d-UTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) method and electron microscopy. Perinatal changes in the percentage of kidney cells with DNA fragmentation were determined by flow cytometric analysis. Through observation of two successive sections, the relationship between the localization of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) positive cells and TUNEL positive cells in the kidney was determined. From fetal day 18 to neonatal day 5, TUNEL positive cells were noted in immature glom-eruli, collecting ducts and interstitium. Electron microscopically, chromatin condensed nuclei and apoptotic bodies were seen in the same tissue component as the TUNEL positive cells. The percentage of DNA fragmented cells significantly increased from fetal days 18 to 20 and significantly decreased from fetal days 20 to 22, while they still remained low in the neonatal period. The TUNEL positive cells in immature glom-eruli and collecting ducts were not reactive to the EGFR antibody. The TUNEL positive cells were not observed in the proximal tubular cells, which were positive to EGFR antibody. These results indicate that apoptotic cells are present in the kidney throughout the perinatal period in the rat and that EGF plays an important role in perinatal development of the rat kidney.     

Decreased distribution of nitric oxide synthase and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide positive nerve cells in the sphincter of Oddi in humans with pancreatobiliary diseases

To better understand the relationship between innervation in the sphincter of Oddi and pancreatobiliary diseases, nerve cells which possess nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and/or vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) were studied immunohistochemically in the sphincter of Oddi and duodenum of humans. Specimens from autopsies included 11 cases with pancreatobiliary diseases and 7 cases without such diseases. An elaborate nerve network was revealed with an anti-S-100 antibody in the sphincter of Oddi and duodenum of all specimens. In the sphincter of Oddi of the control group, approximately 47% of the myenteric nerve cells were NOS positive, whereas 54% were VIP positive. Of the NOS positive nerve cells, 21% were also VIP positive. In contrast, 11% of the nerve cells in the sphincter of Oddi of the disease group were NOS positive while 32% were VIP positive. Within the duodenal myenteric plexus of the control group, 35% of all nerve cells were NOS positive while 40% was VIP positive; among them, 23% of the NOS positive cells were VIP positive. Similar results were observed in the duodenum of the disease group. These data indicate that abundant NOS and VIP positive innervation is present in the sphincter of Oddi and duodenum in humans. The lower proportion of NOS positive or VIP positive nerve cells of the disease group may suggest an inadequacy of the sphincter of Oddi to relax.     

乳腺良恶性病变中CD10表达及意义

目的 探讨CD10免疫标记乳腺肌上皮细胞的可行性。方法 收集50例乳腺良恶性病变的石蜡包埋标本(腺瘤、纤维腺瘤、叶状肿瘤、纤维囊性病、导管内乳头状瘤、乳头腺瘤、导管内癌、小叶内癌、浸润性导管癌、浸润性小叶癌)，采用免疫组化(S-P法)检测CD10在上述病变中的表达。结果 在乳腺良性病变中，CD10阳性的肌上皮细胞连续地环绕在普通型增生的小导管的周围。但在囊性扩张或不典型上皮增生的导管周围，CD10阳性细胞不连续，甚至不见阳性细胞。导管原位癌的癌细胞巢外周的阳性细胞由完整到不完整，甚至完全缺失。在浸润性癌中癌巢周围不见阳性细胞，在早期浸润性癌中可见残存的阳性细胞。除少许癌细胞和肌纤维母细胞表达CD10外，其余癌细胞、肌纤维母细胞、血管平滑肌细胞和上皮细胞均不表达CD10。结论 CD10标记肌上皮细胞具有较高的敏感性和特异性，可以作为肌上皮细胞的有效标记物。     

水通道蛋白4在大鼠脑垂体中的表达

目的：研究水通道蛋白4(AQP4)及其mRNA在脑垂体中的表达,探讨其在脑垂体激素分泌过程中的作用。方法：应用免疫组织化学和原位杂交技术,观察成年Wistar大鼠脑垂体中AQP4及其mRNA的正常分布。结果：AQP4及其mRNA在成年大鼠神经垂体的垂体细胞上表达呈阳性,分布在毛细血管窦周围的垂体细胞表达尤为强烈。腺垂体的所有细胞均有AQP4的表达,胞质中AQP4 mRNA表达呈阳性。中间叶所有细胞AQP4及其mRNA的表达呈弱阳性,其中滤泡星形细胞表达较内分泌细胞强烈。结论：AQP4广泛分布于脑垂体的各种组织细胞表面,可能在垂体激素的正常分泌过程中起重要的调节作用。     

Immunohistochemical profile of primary sclerosing Iipogranuloma of the scrotum: Report of five cases

Five cases of primary sclerosing scrotal lipogranuloma were examined histologically and immunohistochemically. Every case lacked a history of injection or trauma, and revealed Common histologicat features; a typical granuloma composed of epithelioid cells and multinucleated giant cells, and inflammatory infiltrates of eosinophils, lymphocytes and macrophageimonocytes in the interstitium. lmmunahistochemistry disclosed the epithelioid cells and multinuclaated giant cells of the granuloma to be monocytetr in nature, as bath types of cells were positive for lyso-yme, α-1-antltrypin, α-1-antichymotrypsin, and KP-1. In the interstitium, KP-1 positive monocytes, L-26 positive B lymphocytes, UCHL-1 positive T lymphocytes and 5–100 protein positive Langerhans-like cells were frequently found. 5100 protein positive cells could not be detected in the granuloma. Primary sclerosing lipogranuloma of the scrotum, therefore, is a peculiar inflammation characterized by granulomas consisting of monocytes and marked tissue eosinophilia of unknown etiology.