变异脾动脉瘤腔内治疗15例分析

目的 总结变异脾动脉瘤的腔内治疗经验。方法 回顾性分析2007年4月至2017年4月复旦大学附属中山医院血管外科收治的15例变异脾动脉瘤腔内治疗病人的临床资料,其中5例为A型变异脾动脉瘤,10例为B型变异脾动脉瘤。结果 15例病人中14例腔内治疗成功,操作结束后造影检查示瘤体不再显影;1例术中造影检查后考虑弹簧栓栓塞后移位至肠系膜上动脉风险大且病人动脉瘤直径较小,遂停止手术并随访观察。14例腔内治疗成功的病人中,1例行单纯瘤腔栓塞,5例行出瘤动脉及瘤腔栓塞,1例行入瘤动脉、瘤腔及出瘤动脉栓塞,1例行瘤腔栓塞及肠系膜上动脉覆膜支架置入,2例行出瘤动脉栓塞及肠系膜上动脉覆膜支架置入,4例行出瘤动脉、瘤腔栓塞及肠系膜上动脉覆膜支架置入。随访2～117个月,无失访或死亡病例,无肠道缺血坏死、症状性脾梗死、动脉瘤破裂等严重并发症发生。1例病人7年后再发腹痛,再次腔内治疗行瘤腔密集填塞,术后腹痛消失,密切随访。1例病人腔内治疗行出瘤动脉栓塞及肠系膜上动脉覆膜支架置入,术后第2年随访动脉造影检查示覆膜支架完全闭塞,Riolan弓显影,支架远端肠系膜上动脉灌注良好。结论 腔内治疗变异脾动脉瘤安全、有效。在腔内治疗过程中,除了对动脉瘤完成满意的血流隔绝,还应重视保护肠系膜上动脉。     

Nonoperative management of unruptured visceral artery aneurysms: treatment by transcatheter coil embolization

PURPOSE: To describe our experiences with the treatment of visceral artery aneurysms (VAA) by transcatheter coil embolization and to propose indications for treating VAA by this method. METHODS: We treated 22 patients with VAA by coil embolization; 9 had splenic-, 7 renal-, 4 pancreaticoduodenal arcade-, and 2 proper hepatic artery aneurysms. All nine splenic artery aneurysms patients presented with chronic hepatitis-C; four had hepatocellular carcinoma. Of the seven renal artery aneurysms patients, four were hypertensive and three had rheumatoid arthritis. Both pancreaticoduodenal arcade artery aneurysms patients manifested severe stenosis of the celiac axis. Our transcatheter coil embolization procedure includes coil embolization and coil-packing of the aneurysmal sac, preserving the native arterial circulation. RESULTS: Transcatheter coil embolization with aneurysm packing was technically successful in 16 (72.7%) of the 22 patients and the native arterial circulation was preserved. Postprocedure angiograms confirmed complete disappearance of the VAA. In four of the nine splenic artery aneurysm patients, the native arterial circulation was not preserved. In one renal artery aneurysm patient, stenosis at the aneurysmal neck necessitated placement of a stent before transcatheter coil embolization. Magnetic resonance angiographs obtained during the follow-up period (mean 27 months) demonstrated complete thrombosis of the VAA in all 22 patients. Infarction occurred in one splenic- and two renal artery aneurysms patients; the latter developed flank pain and fever after the procedure. CONCLUSIONS: Transcatheter coil embolization is an effective alternative treatment for patients with saccular and proximal VAA. In particular, the isolation technique using coil embolization is advantageous in splenic artery aneurysm patients.     

血管内治疗大脑前动脉远端动脉瘤

目的观察血管内治疗大脑前动脉远端(DACA)动脉瘤的效果。方法回顾性分析14例接受血管内治疗的DACA动脉瘤患者(共15个动脉瘤),对10个动脉瘤行单纯弹簧圈栓塞、4个动脉瘤行支架辅助下弹簧圈栓塞,1个以Onyx胶栓塞。之后复查DSA,根据Raymond分级评价即刻疗效。术后6个月复查DSA,以改良Rankin量表(mRS)评估预后,mRS评分0~2分为结局良好。结果术后即刻12个动脉瘤Ⅰ级栓塞,3个Ⅱ级栓塞。术中、术后均未发生缺血等并发症。1例术后12 h死于动脉瘤再次破裂出血。术后6个月随访显示1例复发,10例结局良好(mRS评分0~2分),另2例mRS评分分别为3分、4分。结论个体化血管内治疗DACA动脉瘤安全、有效。     

Treatment of internal iliac artery aneurysms: single‐centre experience

Background: The aim of the present study was to analyse the short‐term results of treatment of internal iliac artery aneurysms (IIAA). Methods: In a prospective single‐centre cohort study all patients with IIAA (symptomatic or maximal diameter ≥30 mm) were evaluated for endovascular repair, which included coil embolization of the run‐off vessels and coverage of the orifice of the IIAA with a stent graft. Open repair was performed with aneurysm excision or aneurysmorrhaphy. Outcome criteria were technical and clinical success and complications of treatment. Results: In a period of 40 months 11 patients underwent operation for 12 IIAA. Nine aneurysms were repaired endovascularly and three with open repair. Coil embolization was routinely performed in all cases. At a median follow up of 18 months, technical and clinical success was 100%. Major complications included two early limb thromboses, a contrast‐agent‐induced nephropathy, and an intraoperative ureteric injury. Conclusion: Despite the limited number of patients, the present series, with good short‐term results, further supports the trend towards endovascular repair of suitable IIAA.     

Successful Coil Embolization of a Ruptured Basilar Artery Aneurysm in a Child with Leukemia: A Case Report

Ruptured intracranial aneurysms are rare in the pediatric population compared to adults. This has incited considerable discussion on how to treat children with this condition. Here, we report a child with a ruptured saccular basilar artery aneurysm that was successfully treated with coil embolization. A 12-year-old boy with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and accompanying abdominal candidiasis after chemotherapy suddenly complained of a severe headache and suffered consciousness disturbance moments later. Computed tomography scans and cerebral angiography demonstrated acute hydrocephalus and subarachnoid hemorrhage caused by saccular basilar artery aneurysm rupture. External ventricular drainage was performed immediately. Because the patient was in severe condition and did not show remarkable signs of central nervous system infection in cerebrospinal fluid studies, we applied endovascular treatment for the ruptured saccular basilar artery aneurysm, which was successfully occluded with coils. The patient recovered without new neurological deficits after ventriculoperitoneal shunting. Recent reports indicate that both endovascular and microsurgical techniques can be used to effectively treat ruptured cerebral aneurysms in pediatric patients. A minimally invasive endovascular treatment was effective in the present case, but long-term follow-up will be necessary to confirm the efficiency of endovascular treatment for children with ruptured saccular basilar artery aneurysms.     

Aneurysm of anomalous splenic artery arising from a splenomesenteric trunk: Review of the literature with a report of a new case

IntroductionAneurysm of splenic artery arising from splenomesentric trunk is an extremely rare condition. The aim of this study is to report a new case with literature review.Presentation of caseA 52-year-old housewife presented with mild central abdominal pain for two month duration. Abdomen was soft. Abdominal ultrasound examination showed a focal aneurysmal dilatation in the splenic artery (SA) near the portal vein. Abdominal computed tomographic angiography (CTA) revealed presence of the splenomesentric trunk with fusiform aneurysm (45 × 33 mm) of the proximal part of the SA. In supine position, through upper midline laparotomy incision, exploration of both superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and SA was performed, total excision of the aneurysm was done, the SMA was side-repaired and SA was ligated. The post-operative period was uneventful.DiscussionIt is interesting to note that orthotopic SA aneurysms, most commonly present in the distal third of the artery, followed by the middle third, while in cases of splenomesentric trunk, all reported cases of anomalous SA aneurysms including the current one, showed the aneurysms to be located in the proximal portion or root of the SA.ConclusionSplenomesentric trunk is a rare anatomical anomaly, aneurysm of which is even rarer. It can be managed either by endovascular intervention or open surgery.     

Parent Artery Occlusion for Unruptured Cerebral Aneurysms: The Japanese Registry of Neuroendovascular Therapy (JR-NET) 1 and 2

Parent artery occlusion (PAO) is an alternative to surgical clipping or endovascular endosaccular coil embolization for the management of cerebral aneurysms. Most giant and fusiform aneurysms are not amenable to endosaccular coil embolization due to anatomical considerations, such as a broad-neck. However, majority of reports regarding the safety of PAO are based on case series involving a relatively small number of patients. In the present study, a total of 381 consecutive patients with unruptured cerebral aneurysms who were treated with PAO were extracted from the Japanese Registry of Neuroendovascular Therapy (JR-NET) 1 and JR-NET2 database, which are nationwide surveys conducted by the Japanese Society of Neuroendovascular Therapy. The mean age of the 381 patients was 58.1 years, and 59.3% were female. The aneurysmal location included the vertebral artery (42%) and the cavernous portion of internal carotid artery (32%). The aneurysm size and shape consisted of fusiform (45%), giant (25%), and large (22%). Symptomatic lesions were present in 59.8% of the population. Technical success was achieved in 98.4%. The 30-day morbidity and mortality rates were 3.1% and 1.0%, respectively. The most frequent procedure-related complication was ischemic stroke, which occurred in 12.9% (distal embolism, 6.0%; branch occlusion, 3.9%). The 30-day morbidity and mortality rates related to ischemic strokes were 2.1% and 0.3%, respectively. PAO for unruptured aneurysms is feasible with a high technical success rate. Peri-procedural management of ischemic stroke is the key to enhance the safety of this treatment option.     

Bronchial artery aneurysm treated with percutaneous transluminal coil embolization

We present a case with asymptomatic mediastinal bronchial artery aneurysm at the origin of the left bronchial artery. This bronchial artery aneurysm was successfully treated with percutaneous transluminal coil embolization. Complete embolization of the feeding artery and tributaries from the aneurysm is the key to successful isolation of a large bronchial artery aneurysm from the circulation. Percutaneous transluminal embolization is one of the treatment options for a patient with asymptomatic, incidentally-identified bronchial artery aneurysm.     

脾动脉瘤7例诊治分析

目的：探讨脾动脉瘤的诊断和手术治疗方法。方法：回顾性分析7 例脾动脉瘤患者的临床资料。结果：6例经彩色多普勒超声（B超）初步诊断;4例经CT动脉造影（CTA）,2例经数字减影血管造影术（DSA）,1例经磁共振造影（MRA）确诊;无1例依靠临床症状而确诊。单纯脾动脉瘤切除术1例,脾动脉瘤加脾脏切除术1例,脾动脉瘤切除加动脉重建术1例,动脉瘤近远端脾动脉结扎术1例,脾动脉瘤栓塞术2例,脾动脉瘤栓塞术加脾切除术1例。随访2个月至3年。无死亡及严重并发症病例。结论：脾动脉瘤依赖临床表现难以诊断,B超有筛选价值,CTA,MRA,DSA均有诊断价值。一旦确诊应尽早选择腔内介入栓塞治疗或手术方法。     

腹主动脉腔内修复术后II型内漏的栓塞治疗：附3例报告

目的:探讨腹主动脉腔内修复术(EVAR)后Ⅱ型内漏的治疗方法。方法:回顾性分析2011—2016年中南大学湘雅医院血管外科治疗的3例EVAR术后比较严重的Ⅱ型内漏患者的临床资料,1例胸腹主动脉瘤行杂交手术(开放手术重建内脏血管+EVAR)后瘤体继续增大,检查发现为腹腔干动脉反流性内漏;另外2例均为腹主动脉瘤行EVAR术后肠系膜下动脉反流性内漏。结果:腹腔干动脉反流性内漏患者用Interlock可解脱弹簧圈系统栓塞,另外2例采用普通弹簧圈栓塞。3例栓塞均获得成功,内漏消失。结论:EVAR术后Ⅱ型内漏采用不同的入路栓塞是行之有效的方法。     

带髂内分支支架的腔内隔绝术治疗腹主动脉瘤伴双髂动脉瘤

目的探讨带髂内分支支架的腔内隔绝技术在腹主动脉瘤伴双髂动脉瘤治疗中的应用。方法回顾性分析2011年6月～2012年6月我院收治的10例腹主动脉瘤合并双髂动脉瘤患者的临床资料。患者均于术前行CT血管造影(CTA)检查,腹主动脉瘤均为肾下型;髂动脉瘤仅累及髂总动脉8例,累及髂内动脉开口处2例。手术先置入带髂内分支的髂动脉带膜支架,再置入腹主动脉瘤的分叉型带膜支架。结果患者均一次手术成功,无死亡。9例患者获得随访,随访时间3～6个月,患者腹部搏动性肿块均消失,均未出现臀部、骶尾部坏死,无明显性功能障碍,1例出现臀部的轻度间歇性跛行。8例术后3个月行腹主、双髂动脉彩超检查,未见明显内瘘,移植的髂内分支支架血流通畅。3例术后6个月行腹主、双髂动脉CTA检查,未见Ⅰ型、Ⅲ型内瘘,髂内分支支架内血流通畅。结论带髂内分支支架的腔内隔绝技术在腹主动脉瘤伴双髂动脉瘤的治疗中是安全、有效的;可以有效地保留一侧髂内动脉,减少或避免因髂内动脉封闭而带来的并发症。     

Endovascular repair of an extracranial carotid artery aneurysm complicated by late stent thrombosis

Abstract

Extracranial carotid artery aneurysms (ECAA) are extremely rare, accounting for less than 1% of all peripheral artery aneurysms. The most common presentation is central neurologic dysfunction, typically due to embolization of thrombus from the aneurysm. Historically open surgical intervention is the treatment of choice for symptomatic ECAA. Recent data suggest that endovascular repair is a valuable alternative, with a high procedural success rate and relatively low complication rate. We present a case of an ECAA with symptoms of vision loss, successfully treated by endovascular covered stenting but complicated by late in stent thrombosis and cerebral infarction. The patient was subsequently treated with IV thrombolysis and life-long warfarin. The patient had discrete residual symptoms at follow-up 3 months later.     

血管内介入治疗大脑后动脉夹层动脉瘤

目的观察血管内介入治疗大脑后动脉夹层动脉瘤的效果。方法回顾性分析12例接受血管内介入治疗的大脑后动脉夹层动脉瘤患者,评价治疗效果。结果12例大脑后动脉夹层动脉瘤中,P1段2例,P1-P2段2例,P2段6例,P3段2例,均成功实施栓塞治疗;对其中2例单纯以弹簧圈栓塞动脉瘤,8例以弹簧圈闭塞载瘤动脉,2例植入支架。术后即刻行复查造影显示Raymond分级1级10例,2级2例。术后4例诉头痛,经对症治疗后2周内好转;未见动脉瘤破裂出血及脑梗死。随访期间影像学检查均未见动脉瘤复发,无新发神经功能障碍及颅内再次出血;末次随访时改良Rankin量表0分10例,1分1例,2分1例。结论血管内介入治疗大脑后动脉夹层动脉瘤效果较好,且安全性较高。     

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??Endovascular treatment experience of aberrant splenic artery aneurysms: A study of 15 cases FANG Gang??CHEN Bin??FU Wei-guo??et al. Department of Vascular Surgery??Zhongshan Hospital??Fudan University??Shanghai 200032??China
Corresponding author??DONG Zhi-hui??E-mail: dzh926@126.com
Abstract Objective To summarize the endovascular treatment experience of aberrant splenic artery aneurysms. Methods The clinical data of 15 aberrant splenic artery aneurysms including 5 type A and 10 type B aneurysms treated by endovascular repair in Zhongshan Hospital??Fudan University from April 2007 to April 2017 was retrospectively analyzed. Results Technical success was achieved in 14 of 15 patients with angiographic documentation of aneurysmal exclusion. Endovascular treatment was abandoned after considering the high risk of coil embolization into the superior mesenteric artery and the relatively small aneurysm size in one patient. Treatment strategies of aberrant splenic artery aneurysms included coil embolization of the sac and outflow artery??with or without embolization of the inflow artery??or covered stent placement in the superior mesenteric artery. Follow-up time ranged from 2 to 117 months. No hepatic or intestinal ischemia??or death developed perioperatively or during the follow-up period. Reintervention was needed in 1 patient for persistent sac enlargement. The covered stent was found asymptomatically occluded in 1 patient at 2 years because of abundant collateral perfusion of the Riolan’s arch. Conclusion Endovascular treatment appeared to be feasible??safe??and effective in the management of aberrant splenic artery aneurysms. Furthermore??the preservation of the superior mesenteric artery??should be emphasized when optimizing aneurysmal exclusion.     

Endovascular repair of a profunda femoris artery aneurysm

Profunda femoris artery (PFA) aneurysms are rare and they are usually treated with open surgery. We report the case of an 87-year-old patient who during the preoperative work-up for an abdominal aortic aneurysm was found to have a 4.2-cm aneurysm of the right PFA. A percutaneous transcatheter coil embolization was successfully performed using a contralateral retrograde approach. To date, only three patients, including the present case, have been treated with transcatheter coil embolization for a PFA aneurysm. In the absence of concomitant superficial femoral artery disease, embolization of aneurysms of the profunda femoris seems to be a safe and minimally invasive alternative to open repair in selected patients.     

血管内介入治疗腹腔内脏动脉瘤11例经验

目的评价介入治疗腹腔内脏动脉瘤的安全性和疗效。方法用介入技术治疗腹腔内脏动脉瘤11例,包括脾动脉瘤5例,胃-十二指肠动脉瘤5例,肠系膜上动脉(SMA)瘤1例。5例以假性动脉瘤破裂出血就诊,3例表现为上腹部疼痛和搏动性包块,3例无自觉症状。10例用血管内栓塞术,1例发自SMA的动脉瘤用联合动脉内栓塞和被覆膜支架置入术治疗。结果11例均治疗成功,无并发症。5例以出血为首发症状者,术后出血立即停止。1例SMA动脉瘤术后被完全封闭,主干及分支显影正常。3例术前有症状者术后腹痛逐渐消失、包块缩小。随访4～52个月(平均25.5个月),未发生与动脉瘤相关的并发症,超声波检查无动脉瘤复发表现。结论血管内介入技术是治疗腹腔内脏动脉瘤的安全有效方法。     

经导管弹簧圈栓塞治疗脾动脉瘤

目的探讨经导管弹簧圈栓塞治疗脾动脉瘤的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析接受经导管弹簧圈栓塞治疗的18例脾动脉瘤患者的资料,其中真性脾动脉瘤14例,假性脾动脉瘤4例;近端型6例,中间型4例,脾门型8例。根据患者脾动脉造影情况,选择普通弹簧圈、微弹簧圈或机械可脱式弹簧圈进行栓塞。术后1周及1、3、9个月行CT增强或CTA复查,随后每月行电话随访。结果对18例均顺利完成手术,11例采用隔绝旷置术,4例采用瘤腔填塞术,3例采用隔绝旷置术+瘤腔填塞术。术后12例出现栓塞后综合征,其中8例出现不同程度的脾梗死,梗死体积约10%~35%;余4例为轻微并发症。随访中无瘤体增大、破裂或复发及相关并发症。结论经导管弹簧圈栓塞治疗脾动脉瘤简单可行、安全有效。     

电解可脱性弹簧圈血管内栓塞颅内动脉瘤的技术及并发症防治

目的总结以电解可脱性弹簧圈(GDC)血管内栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤的技术要点、并发症及其防治经验。方法采用GDC对168例颅内动脉瘤患者进行动脉瘤囊内栓塞。结果成功栓塞168个动脉瘤,其中100%闭塞的144个,95%闭塞的14个,90%闭塞的10个;全组6例死亡,死亡率3.6%。术中并发动脉瘤破裂3例,脑血管痉挛9例,脑梗死2例,术后弹簧圈末端逸出2例;3例复发者经二次补充GDC栓塞而治愈。随访5~54个月,全组术后均无再出血。结论动脉瘤的血管内治疗应根据病情进行个体化设计,并采用与之相应的栓塞技术才能最大限度的提高动脉瘤栓塞的治愈率、降低并发症。     

External iliac artery-to-internal iliac artery endograft: a novel approach to preserve pelvic inflow in aortoiliac stent grafting.

PURPOSE: To describe four patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm and bilateral common iliac artery aneurysms repaired by coil embolization of the ipsilateral internal iliac artery, aortouniiliac endograft extended to the ipsilateral external iliac artery, femorofemoral bypass grafting, and a contralateral external iliac to internal iliac stent graft to preserve pelvic perfusion. METHODS: Four patients with multiple risk factors, abdominal aortic aneurysm (mean diameter, 6.6 cm), and bilateral common iliac artery aneurysms were evaluated with contrast-enhanced computed tomography scanning, arteriography, and intravascular ultrasonography. Aortobiiliac endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair was not feasible because of extension of the common iliac artery aneurysms to the iliac bifurcation bilaterally. RESULTS: The abdominal aortic aneurysms were repaired with an aortouniiliac endograft. The ipsilateral common iliac artery aneurysms were treated by coil embolization of the internal iliac artery and extension of the endograft to the external iliac artery. The contralateral common iliac artery aneurysms were excluded by a custom-made stent graft (n = 2) or a commercial stent graft (n = 2) from the external iliac artery to the internal iliac artery, which preserved pelvic inflow via retrograde perfusion from the femorofemoral bypass. Mean length of stay was 3.5 days. One patient had hip claudication. Follow-up (mean 10 months, range 6 to 17) demonstrated exclusion of the abdominal aortic aneurysm and common iliac artery aneurysms with no endoleak and patent external iliac artery-to-internal iliac artery endografts in all patients. CONCLUSION: Patients with bilateral common iliac artery aneurysms that extend to the iliac bifurcation may be excluded from endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair because of concerns regarding pelvic ischemia after occlusion of both internal iliac arteries. External iliac artery-to-internal iliac artery endografting is a feasible alternative to maintain pelvic perfusion and still allow endograft repair of the abdominal aortic aneurysm in these patients.     

Cerebral Aneurysms with Internal Carotid Artery Agenesis: A Unique Case Similar to Moyamoya Disease and Literature Review

Internal carotid artery (ICA) agenesis/aplasia is occasionally accompanied with cerebral aneurysms caused by hemodynamic stress. If the aneurysms are located around the circle of Willis, they are managed with clipping or coil embolization. Herein, we report a case of ICA agenesis with perforating artery aneurysms treated successfully with revascularization. Moreover, a literature review of ICA agenesis with cerebral aneurysms was performed to compare with the current case. We conducted a literature review using data from PubMed. A secondary search was also performed by reviewing the references of each article previously searched. In our case, the aneurysms shrank and disappeared after direct and indirect bypass surgeries, and indirect bypass developed as in moyamoya disease (MMD). The epidemiological and clinical features of aneurysms accompanied with ICA agenesis were identified via a literature review. Aneurysms with ICA agenesis categorized as type F based on the Lie classification system, or referred to as rete mirabile, are occasionally located in an untreatable site; hence, they cannot be treated with clipping or coil embolization. Moreover, results showed that previous studies did not use revascularization for the treatment of aneurysm. In conclusion, if an aneurysm with ICA agenesis is difficult to approach directly or via an endovascular procedure, revascularization can be a treatment option.