长链非编码RNA在成肌分化中的作用

人类基因组90％可以发生转录,但98％的转录产物为不具有蛋白编码能力的非编码 RNA （ noncoding RNA, ncRNA）。长链非编码RNA （ long noncoding RNA, lncRNA）是指转录本超过200 nt的非编码RNA,曾一度被认为是转录的“噪音”,不具有任何生物学功能。然而,近年报道lncRNA广泛参与成肌分化,可在RNA水平通过多种方式调控成肌分化进程,是成肌分化的重要调节因子。     

长链非编码RNA在神经发生中的调控作用

<正>基因组计划的研究成果表明,哺乳动物基因组中仅仅只有不到1%的序列能够转录为mRNA,剩下大部分基因组序列转录为之前被称为"转录噪音"的非编码RNA(noncoding RNA,ncRNA)~([1])。而lncRNA是ncRNA家族中最大的一类~([2])。近几年来,随着二代测序技术的广泛应用,lncRNA的神秘面纱才逐渐被揭开。许多研究表明,lncRNA虽然不编码蛋白质,但它有多种功能,包括招募转录因子来调控基因     

长链非编码RNA H19在肝脏疾病中作用的研究进展

<正>人类基因组计划发现,仅有不到2%的基因组编码蛋白质,而近70%的基因组转录成非编码RNA^[1]。非编码RNA是指不具备蛋白质编码能力的RNA,包括转运RNA、核糖体RNA、小核仁RNA和长链非编码RNA(long noncoding RNA, lncRNA)。     

lncRNA在心血管疾病中作用的研究进展

正长链非编码RNA(long noncoding RNA,lnc RNA)是一类转录本长度超过200个核苷酸的RNA分子,是RNA聚合酶II转录的副产物,起初它被认为是基因组转录的"噪音",不具有生物学功能。近些年来的研究表明,lnc RNA参与了X染色体沉默,基因组印记以及染色质修饰,转录激活,转录干扰,核内运输等多种重要的调控过程,lnc RNA的这些调控作用     

长链非编码RNA对心脏发育的表观遗传学调控研究进展

<正>长链非编码RNA(long noncoding RNA or large noncoding RNA,lncRNAs)是一类转录本长度超过200 nt的功能性RNA,存在于细胞核或胞质中。lncRNAs能调节生命过程中关键基因的表达,从而影响机体正常生理发育、功能维持和异常病理过程,如神经干细胞分化发育、心脏疾病发生、肿瘤形成[]     

LncRNA与心血管疾病的研究进展

研究发现,人基因组中具有编码蛋白质功能的转录产物仅占约2%,其余大部分均为非编码RNAs。长链非编码RNA(Long noncoding RNA,LncRNA)是一类长度大于200个核苷酸的非编码RNA。研究表明LncRNA在心血管疾病中存在差异表达,并且通过不同的作用机制在心血管疾病的调控网络中发挥作用,参与心血管疾病的发生发展。本综述对近年来LncRNA与心血管疾病的研究进展进行总结,并将对其作为心血管疾病新型分子标记物及治疗靶点的可行性进行探讨。     

长链非编码RNA CCAT2在肿瘤中的研究进展

长链非编码RNA(LncRNA)是继微小RNA(miRNA)之后非编码RNA(ncRNA)研究的热点.LncRNA在基因组中普遍转录,由于其在转录调控、转录后调控和表观遗传调控中的不同功能,使其正在成为肿瘤发生研究的新热点.结肠癌-相关转录本2(CCAT2)作为一种长链非编码RNA首先在大肠癌中被发现并命名,后被证实在其他多种肿瘤如乳腺癌、卵巢癌、胃癌、非小细胞肺癌、子宫颈癌、食管鳞状细胞癌的发生发展中存在异常表达,说明C C A T 2可以作为肿瘤标记物广泛应用.     

环状RNA在肿瘤免疫中的研究进展

非编码RNA(non-coding RNA,ncRNA)可以分为环状RNA(circular RNA,circRNA)和线性ncRNA.ncRNA存在于不同的细胞类型中,包括正常细胞、肿瘤细胞和免疫细胞等.目前已经发现线性ncRNA,如长链非编码RNA(long noncoding RNA,lncRNA)和微RNA(m...     

长链非编码RNA在癫痫中的作用及研究进展

长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)是人类基因组中不能编码蛋白质,分子长度大于200nt的RNA,lncRNA是非编码RNA(nc RNA)中的一种,占nc RNA的80%,仅以分子的形式发挥作用,在过去的研究中lncRNA被认为是不重要的"噪音",但是近年来对lncRNA的功能研究显示其同样具有重要作用,lncRNA能在转录、转录后和表观遗传学上进行调控,参与个体发育中重要的生理和病理生命发育过程,lncRNA异常的表达对人类多种疾病的发生有密切的关系,本综述就癫痫发生发展密切相关的lncRNA进行阐述。     

长链非编码RNA(LncRNA)的研究进展

<正>随着生命科学的不断发展,人们发现RNA不仅仅是编码蛋白质的遗传物质,还有很多非编码蛋白的RNA,以复杂的调控机制参与机体的生命活动,进一步深入的研究表明,这些非编码蛋白的RNA不仅能够与DNA、蛋白质结合,还可以通过碱基配对与其他的RNA结合形成复合体,参与转录及转录后调控[1,2]。在对人类基因组测序时发现只有2%的基因组序列被转录为具有蛋白编码能力的RNA,这一数     

小RNA的研究现状

长期以来,人们认为RNA只是起到遗传信息“桥梁”的作用,从DNA获得遗传信息再转化成蛋白质。然而,近十几年的研究表明——小RNA在基因调控和生长发育等方面发挥着重要作用。小RNA主要包括两大类：siRNA和miRNA。它们的功能既有相似又有差异,siRNA主要参与RNA干涉,而miRNA形成核糖核蛋白复合体(miRNP)调控基因表达。本文从siRNA和miRNA的结构、功能以及与人类疾病关系等方面综述了小RNA的最新研究进展。     

Application of preformed hammerhead ribozymes in the gene therapy of cancer (review)

Inhibition of gene expression is an important experimental method to determine the function of genes, and could have a great impact upon the treatment of diseases in which gene products are involved. Catalytic RNAs (ribozymes) with endoribonuclease activity are RNA molecules that site-specifically cleave other RNAs, and thus have tremendous potential as novel therapeutic agents. The capacity of these agents to suppress gene expression in a wide range of systems strengthens the importance of this novel gene-based therapy, and indicate that preformed ribozymes may be useful as pharmaceuticals.     

Aspectos inmunogenéticos de la psoriasis con énfasis en micro-ARN

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the skin, of autoimmune origin, with different cells implicated in the aetiopathology, such as T helper lymphocytes (Th1 and Th17), keratinocytes, and cytokines produced by these cells. The epigenetic regulatory mechanisms are the junction between environmental exposure and genetic factors. It is known that microRNAs (miRNAs), single chain RNAs, are actively involved in epigenetic regulation. Alterations in the miR-125b, miR-424, miR- 21 and miR-203 expression, and others, have been involved in different aspects of the disease. Global studies of miRNA expression performed using microarrays and by direct RNA sequencing revealed important differences in miRNA expression in normal skin and psoriatic individuals. These miRNAs can be considered as potential therapeutic targets or biomarkers of disease.     

Regulation of hub mRNA stability and translation by miR430 and the dead end protein promotes preferential expression in zebrafish primordial germ cells

The Hu proteins are RNA‐binding proteins known to be involved in various aspects of RNA metabolism, such as nucleo‐cytoplasmic shuttling, translation, and stability. These proteins are predominantly expressed in neuronal tissues and are important for neuronal differentiation and plasticity. Here, we report on the regulation over hub mRNA stability and function in zebrafish embryos. Using reporters encoding for fluorescent proteins, we show that hub RNA is a target of global miRNA‐mediated repression, while the RNA‐binding protein Dead end (Dnd) contributes to maintenance of the expression in the primordial germ cells (PGCs). Developmental Dynamics 240:695–703, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Expression of the ribosomal proteins Rplp0, Rplp1, and Rplp2 in gynecologic tumors

Previous work from our laboratory has demonstrated that the expression of the ribosomal protein Rplp1 immortalizes primary cells and is involved in transformation. To investigate the role of the P proteins in tumorigenesis, we examined the messenger RNA expression levels of Rplp0, Rplp1, and Rplp2 in a series of 32 patients with gynecologic tumors. The messenger RNA expression level of all 3 P proteins was increased significantly in the tumor tissue, compared with normal tissue. In addition, a total of 140 biopsies of gynecologic cancers (46 endometrioid and 94 ovarian) were investigated. An up-regulation of P protein expression was observed by immunohistochemistry in an average of 27% of the tumors, as compared with normal tissues. Moreover, the level of P protein up-regulation correlated significantly with p53 expression in serous ovarian cancers. This is an important fact because the level of overexpression of the P proteins correlated with the presence of lymph node metastases in serous ovarian cancers. We also observed that endometrial carcinomas that had invaded the myometrium overexpressed P proteins in the invasive front. In addition, we found that the P proteins are up-regulated in a considerable number of patients with the most common types of cancer. Overall, our study shows that P proteins are involved in human cancer and indicates that the expression level of these proteins could be useful as a prognostic marker in specific subtypes of gynecologic tumors.     

The end of the message: multiple protein–RNA interactions define the mRNA polyadenylation site

The key RNA sequence elements and protein factors necessary for 3′ processing of polyadenylated mRNA precursors are well known. Recent studies, however, have significantly reshaped current models for the protein–RNA interactions involved in poly(A) site recognition, painting a picture more complex than previously envisioned and also providing new insights into regulation of this important step in gene expression. Here we review the recent advances in this area and provide a perspective for future studies.     

miR-132在神经系统疾病中作用的研究进展

MicroRNAs(miRNAs)作为基因表达的关键调控因子,主要通过在转录后调控大量靶信使RNA(messenger RNA,mRNA)的表达,参与大部分生物学过程以及许多疾病的发病机制。miR-132的表达在神经元发育、成熟过程中是必要的。同时,miR-132作为一种最重要的神经相关miRNAs之一,在神经系统和免...     

MicroRNAs与T细胞关系的研究进展

MicroRNAs(miRNAs)是非编码蛋白质的单链小分子RNA,其主要在转录后水平通过降解靶mRNA或抑制蛋白质翻译来调控目的基因的表达,参与细胞的发育、分化、信号转导及肿瘤的发生、发展等多种重要的生物学进程。近年来的研究表明,miRNAs对机体免疫细胞具有多种调控功能。本文主要就近年来与T细胞的胸腺发育、分化及功能相关的miRNAs研究进展作一综述。