Prognosis of Resected Ampullary Adenocarcinoma by Preoperative Serum CA19-9 Levels and Platelet-Lymphocyte Ratio

Background  The objective of this study was to evaluate whether preoperative CA19-9 levels and the platelet–lymphocyte ratio (PLR) might reflect prognostic indices for resected ampullary adenocarcinoma. Materials and Methods  Data were collected prospectively over a 10-year period for consecutive patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy for malignancy. Results  Both preoperative PLR and CA19-9 results were available in 52 cases of resected ampullary adenocarcinoma. Preoperative CA19-9 levels of ≤150 kU/l (or ≤300 kU/l in the presence of bilirubin levels >35 μmol/l) and a PLR of ≤160 were found to represent the optimal cut-off values to risk stratify patients. If both levels were elevated (n = 8), patients had a median overall survival of 10.1 months. If either CA19-9 or PLR were elevated individually (n = 23), patients had a median survival of 25.2 months. For cases where both levels were less than the cut-off values (n = 21), the median overall survival time was not reached but was greater than 60 months (log rank, p < 0.001). This preoperative risk stratification was found to remain a significant independent predictor of survival on multivariate analysis (Cox, p = 0.001) alongside resection margin status (p = 0.002) and tumor size (p = 0.051). Conclusions  Preoperative CA19-9 and PLR both merit further evaluation as prognostic indices in resected ampullary adenocarcinoma.     

CA 19-9 Velocity Predicts Disease-Free Survival and Overall Survival After Pancreatectomy of Curative Intent

Introduction  This study was undertaken to correlate serum CA 19-9 levels and CA 19-9 velocity with disease-free and overall survival after pancreatectomy for adenocarcinoma. Methods  From 1997 to 2002, 96 patients underwent pancreatectomy without adjuvant chemotherapy as the control arm of a large randomized prospective adjuvant therapy trial. After resection, CA 19-9 levels were drawn at baseline, 4 weeks, and 12-week intervals thereafter. CA 19-9 velocity denotes rate of change in CA 19-9 levels over a 4-week period. Postoperative baseline CA 19-9 levels and CA 19-9 velocity were correlated with disease-free and overall survival. Data are presented as median (mean ± SD). Results  Disease-free survival was 7 months (14 ± 13.7), and overall survival was 12 months (19 ± 14.3) with 24 (25%) patients alive at 41 months (39 ± 7.8). Baseline CA 19-9 levels and CA 19-9 velocity predicted disease-free (p < 0.01) and overall survival (p < 0.01). CA 19-9 velocity was a better predictor of overall survival than baseline CA 19-9 (p < 0.001). CA 19-9 velocity at disease progression was 131 U/ml/4-weeks (1,684 ± 4,474.8) vs. 1 U/ml/4-weeks (1 ± 3.8) at 22 months for patients without disease progression (p < 0.001). Conclusions  CA 19-9 velocity predicts imminent disease progression after resection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma and is a better predictor of overall survival than baseline CA 19-9 levels. CA 19-9 velocity is a reliable and relatively inexpensive means of monitoring patients after resection of pancreatic cancer and should be considered in all patients enrolled in clinical trials as well as patients receiving adjuvant therapy.     

CA19-9联合多层螺旋CT在胰腺癌可切除性评估中的价值

目的:探讨CA19-9联合多层螺旋CT在胰腺癌可切除性评估中的价值。方法:将85例胰腺癌患者,根据治疗方式分为根治切除组、姑息手术治疗组与非手术治疗组,分析多层螺旋CT、CA19-9及二者联合在评估胰腺癌可切除性中的作用。结果:以CA19-9大于200作为评估不可切除的临界值,CA19-9评估胰腺癌可切除的准确率为65.6%,不可切除的准确率为56.6%。非手术治疗组CA19-9水平与根治切除组、姑息手术治疗组比较存在显著差异(P0.05)。多层螺旋CT对判断胰腺癌可切除的准确率为71.4%,不可切除的准确率为77.4%。二者联合对胰腺癌可切除性评估的准确率为78.6﹪,不可切除的准确率为95.7﹪。结论:CA19-9联合多层螺旋CT可以更好的评估胰腺癌的可切除性。     

晚期膀胱癌患者血清CA19-9测定的临床意义

目的：探讨晚期膀胱癌患者血清CA19-9检测的临床意义.方法：采用电化学发光法测定41例晚期膀胱癌患者外周血 CA19-9水平,并对其临床意义进行分析.结果：本组患者CA19-9测定值为（77.1±194.3）IU/ml,其中CA19-9阳性19例,阳性率为46.3% 对照组CA19-9测定值为（13.6±5.2）IU/ml,阳性率为0,两组相比差异有显著统计学意义（P＜0.01）.病理检查证实淋巴结转移的11例患者CA19-9阳性率为54.5%,阴性组为14.2%,两组相比差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.6例远处器官转移的患者中有5例CA19-9阳性,阳性率为83.3%,与无远处转移的患者相比,阳性率差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.41例患者随访3～46个月,CA19-9阳性组、阴性组3年生存率分别为52.1%和85.9%,差异有统计学意义（P=0.036）.结论：血清CA19-9水平与肿瘤的进展以及预后密切相关,可能是判断晚期膀胱癌生物学行为的一项有用的指标.     

胆管良性疾病中CA19-9明显升高10例报道

目的报道10例血清CA19-9明显升高的胆管良性疾病病例。方法回顾性分析2004年1月至2006年3月期间我院收治并经手术证实的10例血清CA19-9明显升高(>500U/ml)的胆管良性病变病例。结果患者中男4例,女6例,年龄30～85岁,CA19-9为532.32～12000.00U/ml,除1例患者CA125轻度升高外,其他患者血清CEA、CA125及AFP均正常。胆总管结石8例,肝内胆管结石1例,原发性硬化性胆管炎1例;除1例外均存在不同程度阻塞性黄疸。经治疗后8例CA19-9水平在30d内降至正常,另2例分别于术后2个月和3个月内降至正常。结论CA19-9在胆管恶性肿瘤诊断方面的意义仍需进一步研究。     

动态监测CA19-9对判断胰腺癌术后病人预后的意义

探讨CA19-9动态变化在判断胰腺癌术后病人预后中的意义。方法：选择术前CA19-9显著升高的胰腺癌病例,对其CA19-9在术后进行动态检测并结合其临床表现和影像学结果,以判断CA19-9高低是否与肿瘤复发或转移有关。结果：术前CA19-9升高的胰腺癌病人,术后CA19-9均降至正常,但术后动态观察发现CA19-9出现再次升高者,其临床表现和影像学结果往往提示有肿瘤的复发或转移;而CA19-9稳定者则无肿瘤复发或转移的临床表现或影像学证据。结论：对于术前CA19-9升高的胰腺癌病人,术后降至正常而后又出现反跳者,往往提示胰腺癌术后有肿瘤复发或远处转移,CA19-9动态监测为临床判断胰腺癌综合治疗措施疗效的一个重要方法。     

Prognostic Impact of Perioperative Serum CA 19-9 Levels in Patients with Resectable Pancreatic Cancer

Background

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most deadly cancers, and serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) level has been reported to be a useful prognostic marker in pancreatic cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine which prognostic factor (preoperative or postoperative serum CA19-9 level) is more useful.

Methods

Pre- and postoperative serum CA19-9 levels were measured in 109 patients who underwent surgical resection for pancreatic cancer between 1998 and 2009, and their relationships to clinicopathological factors and overall survival were analyzed with univariate and multivariate methods.

Results

In univariate analysis, tumor location (P = 0.019), postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy (P < 0.001), residual tumor factor status (P < 0.001), UICC pT stage (P = 0.004), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.015), and UICC final stage (P = 0.015) were significantly associated with overall survival. Differences in overall survival were significant between groups divided on the basis of four postoperative CA19-9 cutoff values (37, 100, 200, and 500 U/ml) but not significant between groups divided on the basis of the same four preoperative CA19-9 cutoff values. Pre- to postoperative increase in CA19-9 level also was significantly associated with poor prognosis. In multivariate analysis, postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy (hazard ratio, 1.59; P = 0.004) and postoperative CA19-9 cutoff value of 37 U/ml (HR, 1.64; P = 0.004) remained independent predictors of prognosis.

Conclusions

Postoperative CA19-9 level is a better prognostic factor than preoperative CA19-9 level, and curative surgery for resectable pancreatic cancer should be tried regardless of the preoperative CA19-9 level.     

Serum tumor marker CA19-9 in the follow-up of patients with cystic echinococcosis

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to compare results of the determination of carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigens, alpha-fetoprotein, and human chorionic gonadotropin before and after surgical and pharmacologic treatment in patients with cystic echinococcosis (CE). METHODS: Serum samples were obtained from 40 CE patients (all with cysts in the liver) and from 10 sex- and age-matched healthy donors (control group). Serum samples were drawn (1) before (presurgical group) and after (postsurgical group, including a 3-month cycle of albendazole) surgical and pharmacologic treatment. Serum tumor markers were measured, and indirect hemagglutination assay was performed. RESULTS: In 90% of confirmed cases of CE, indirect hemagglutination assay was positive. Mean (SD) serum CA19-9 concentrations for all patients in the presurgical and postsurgical groups were 45.1 +/- 30 kU/L and 17.02 +/- 11 kU/L, respectively. CA19-9 concentrations were significantly greater in CE patients in the presurgical compared with the control group. Also, increased CA19-9 concentrations decreased significantly in the postsurgical compared with the presurgical group. CONCLUSIONS: A significant decrease in serum CA19-9 concentrations after surgical and pharmacologic therapy was demonstrated in the clinical follow-up of patients with CE (patients were tested 3 months after surgery). If our findings are confirmed and more-sensitive methods are developed for measuring serum CA19-9 concentrations, new and interesting perspectives will be gained for the monitoring and treatment of patients with CE.     

Preoperative CA 19-9 and the Yield of Staging Laparoscopy in Patients with Radiographically Resectable Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma

Background  Staging laparoscopy for patients with radiographically resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma has been reported to yield an 8–15% finding of unresectable disease. Factors associated with the likelihood of subradiographic unresectable disease have not been clearly defined. Methods  A prospectively maintained pancreatic database was reviewed and patients were identified who underwent staging laparoscopy for radiographically resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma between January 2000 and December 2006. Preoperative carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) values were assessed for their association with the presence of subradiographic unresectable disease. Results  Four hundred ninety-one patients underwent staging laparoscopy. Resection was performed in 80% (n = 395). Of the 96 patients with unresectable disease, 75 (78%) had metastases either in the liver (n = 60) or peritoneum (n = 15). Preoperative CA 19-9 values were available for 262 of the 491 patients. Fifty-one of these patients had unresectable disease, of which 78% were due to distant disease. The median preoperative CA 19-9 value for patients who underwent resection was 131 U/ml versus 379 U/ml for those patients with unresectable disease (P = 0.003). A receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve was developed for preoperative CA 19-9 value and tumor resectability. The statistically optimal cutoff value was determined to be 130 U/ml. Unresectable disease was identified in 38 of the 144 patients (26.4%) with a preoperative CA 19-9 ≥ 130 U/ml, and in 13 of the 118 patients (11%) with a CA 19-9 < 130 U/ml (P = 0.003). CA 19-9 values greater than 130 U/ml remained a predictor of tumor unresectability on multivariate regression analysis [hazard ratio (HR) 2.70, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.34–5.44; P = 0.005]. Conclusion  In this study, preoperative CA 19-9 values were strongly associated with the identification of subradiographic unresectable disease. Preoperative CA 19-9 values may allow surgeons to better select patients for staging laparoscopy.     

Prognostic Impact of Postoperative Serum CA 19-9 Levels in Patients with Resectable Pancreatic Cancer

Background  

Perioperative serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) level has been reported to be a useful prognostic marker in pancreatic cancer. The object of this study was to investigate the predictive factors for survival, including preoperative and postoperative serum CA 19-9 levels in patients with pancreatic cancer.     

血清CAl9-9对诊断和治疗胆胰系统疾病的临床意义

在胆胰系统疾病中,血清CAl9—9是常规的检测指标之一,其数值的高低,对胆胰系统疾病的诊断、治疗及预后有重要的指导意义。随着医学技术的不断发展与进步,学者们对于血清CAl9—9的认识日趋成熟。胆胰系统良恶性疾病可以通过血清CAl9—9的数值变化得到鉴别,在胆胰系统恶性肿瘤疾病中,血清CAl9—9有较高的敏感度。血清CAl9-9水平可作为肿瘤可切除性,以及患者预后的生存时间和生命质量的独立评估因素。本文阐述了血清CAl9—9在胆胰系统疾病中的诊断、治疗及预后评估中的重要作用。     

CA 19-9 levels predict results of staging laparoscopy in pancreatic cancer

Laparoscopy has emerged as an important staging procedure for determining resectability of pancreatic cancer. However, a small fraction of patients with pancreatic cancer benefit from its use and therefore the routine application of laparoscopy remains controversial. We hypothesized that serum CA 19-9 levels may identify patients who will or will not benefit by laparoscopy. We retrospectively reviewed our database of 63 patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma who underwent staging laparoscopy and correlated findings with CA 19-9 levels. Overall, laparoscopy identified metastatic disease in 12 patients (19%). None of those required any further operation. The resectability rate (patients who underwent resection after laparoscopy) was 73.5%. There was one false-negative laparoscopy (1.6%). Patients with higher CA 19-9 levels had significant higher odds of having metastasis identified by laparoscopy (odds ratio, 1.83; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-3.24; P = .04). There was no patient with CA 19-9 levels below 100 U/ml in whom metastatic disease was identified during laparoscopy: 18 patients (28.6%) with CA 19-9 levels below this cutoff point had negative laparoscopy and could have avoided the procedure had this cutoff been used for screening. This would have increased the laparoscopy yield to 26.7%. In patients with adenocarcinoma of the pancreas, low CA 19-9 levels predict low probability of metastatic disease; in those patients, laparoscopy can be spared. On the contrary, patients with elevated CA 19-9 have an increased probability of metastatic disease, and these patients may benefit from diagnostic laparoscopy. Presented at the Forty-Sixth Annual Meeting of The Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract, Chicago, IL, May 14–18, 2005 (poster presentation).     

CT联合血清CEA、CA19-9检测对胰腺癌诊断价值分析

目的:探讨CT联合血清癌胚抗原(CEA)、糖链抗原(CA19-9)检测在胰腺癌诊断中的意义.方法:回顾性分析35例经手术病理证实的胰腺癌患者,对CT及血清CEA、CA19-9检查结果进行比较,分析CT联合血清CEA、CA19～9检测对胰腺癌的诊断价值.结果:联合检测的确诊率明显高于CT影像检查、血清肿瘤标志物CEA、CA19-9单独检测,联合检测与各单项检测之间比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:CT影像联合血清肿瘤标志物CEA、CA19-9检测有助于胰腺癌的临床诊断.     

CA19-9在膀胱癌中的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨糖类抗原CA19-9在膀胱癌中的表达及临床意义.方法:免疫组织化学法检测40例膀胱癌标本(实验组)中及5例正常膀胱组织(对照组)中CA19-9的表达水平,并分析其表达结果与肿瘤的临床及病理参数的关系.结果:40例膀胱癌组中的阳性表达率明显高于正常膀胱组(P<0.05);且CA19-9在浅表性、高分化组膀胱癌组织中表达明显高于其在浸润性,低分化组膀胱癌中的表达.浅表性膀胱癌病例(Tis,T0,T1)中CA19-9表达率高达95%.5例正常膀胱组织标本中CA19-9表达均为阴性.结论:糖类抗原CA19-9可作为膀胱TCC的肿瘤标志物尤其是在低分级,浅表性的膀胱癌病例.     

脂联素、CEA及CA19—9在结直肠癌患者血清中的表达及其意义

通过研究脂联素、CEA及CA19—9在结直肠腺瘤和结直肠癌患者血清中的表达变化及其与临床病理指标的关系,以探讨其在结直肠癌发生、发展和转移中的作用。采用电化学发光法及酶联免疫法分别检测30例结直肠腺瘤患者（A组）和54例结直肠癌患者（B组）血清中脂联素、CEA及CA19—9的含量,对结直肠癌不同临床病理特征下的血清脂联素、CEA及CA19—9水平差异进行统计分析。结果显示,B组血清脂联素水平为（998．28±78．33）pg／ml明显低于A组（1529．59±81．79）pg／ml（P〈0．05）。B组随着肿瘤Dukes分期进展,血清脂联素水平呈现进一步下降的趋势（P〈0．05）,与肿瘤的发病部位、分化程度及有无淋巴结转移的血清脂联素水平无明显差异（P〉0．05）。A组血清CEA、CA19-9的水平明显低于B组（P〈0．05）。结果表明,结直肠癌患者血清的脂联素水平明显低于结直肠腺瘤患者,且随着肿瘤分期进展,血清脂联素水平呈现进一步下降的趋势。     

胰腺癌血清CA19-9和CEA的表达及意义

目的:探讨胰腺癌患者手术前后血清CA19-9和CEA变化情况。方法:回顾性分析收治的胰腺疾病患者56例，分为胰腺癌患者组（29例）和胰腺系统良性病对照组（27例），分别测定其CA19-9和CEA指标。结果:胰腺癌组血清CA19-9和CEA较对照组明显升高；胰腺癌术后血清CA19-9和CEA较术前明显下降。结论:血清CA19-9和CEA的检测对胰腺癌的术前诊断和术后疗效判断可能有一定参考意义。     

The clinicopathologic features of serum CA 19-9-positive colorectal cancers

The preoperative serum levels of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) were determined in 206 patients with colorectal cancer, 52 (25.2%) of whom were found to be positive. All of these patients had advanced cancers and significantly higher incidences of tumor invasion through the muscularis propria (91.3%) and lymph node involvement (54.5%). The incidences of liver metastasis and Dukes' stage D in the CA 19-9-positive group were 38.5% and 42.9%, respectively, significantly higher than those in the CA 19-9-negative group of 6.5% and 14.8%, respectively. Moreover, the incidence of liver metastasis in the CA 19-9-positive group patients with Dukes' stage D cancer was 95.2% (20/21); CA 19-9 showing higher specificity (81.7%) and a more positive predictive value (38.5%) for liver metastasis than the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). When a cutoff value of 160 U/ml was used, the specificity and positive predictive value reached 97.7% and 81.0%, respectively. An analysis of response operating characteristic (ROC) curves for liver metastasis revealed that CA 19-9 was more useful than CEA. The long-term survival of the CA 19-9-positive group patients was significantly worse than that of the CA 19-9-negative group patients (P < 0.0001), with no 1.25-year survivors in the former group when the cutoff value of 160U/ml was used. These results suggest that serum CA 19-9 as a useful preoperative indicator of liver metastasis and prognosis in colorectal cancer.     

Adenocarcinoma of the ileum producing carbohydrate antigen 19-9: Report of a case

We report herein the case of an 81-year-old woman found to have small intestinal carcinoma producing carbohydrate antigen (CA)19-9, in whom recurrence on the abdominal wall was strongly suspected 4 months after resection. She presented to our hospital with acute abdominal pain with severe anemia. Marked serum elevation of CA19-9 to 164.8 U/ml suggested a progression to malignancy. A fluorography using an ileus tube revealed an abnormal mucosal pattern. An exploratory laparotomy showed an incomplete annular constrictive Borrmann type 2 tumor, located approximately 190 cm from Treitz's ligament, without any signs of peritoneal or hepatic metastases. Histological examination confirmed a diagnosis of papillotubular adenocarcinoma without metastases of the regional lymph nodes. CA19-9 antigenicity was detected in the cytoplasm and on the surface of the cancer cells, using the monoclonal CA19-9 antibody, NS19-9. In this report, we demonstrate the CA19-9 productivity and distribution of the cancer tissues in relation to their prognosis. Received: August 17, 1999 / Accepted: March 24, 2000     

Stellenwert des Tumormarkers CA 19–9 in der Differentialdiagnose von Raumforderungen im Pankreaskopf

Zusammenfassung. Bei 96 Patienten (duktales Pankreascarcinom, n = 34; periampull?res Carcinom, n = 43; chronische Pankreatitis, n = 19) wurde der Stellenwert des Tumormarkers CA 19–9 in der Differentialdiagnose bei Raumforderungen im Pankreaskopf retrospektiv überprüft. Die Sensitivit?t betrug für das duktale Carcinom 73,5 % und für den periampull?ren Tumor 48,8 % bei einer Spezifit?t von 63,2 %. Das carcinoembryonale Antigen war nur bei jedem 5. Patienten erh?ht. Durch Kombination beider Tumormarker lie? sich die Sensitivit?t serologischer Tests nicht steigern. Die schlechte Spezifit?t von 63 %, die beim Vorliegen eines Verschlu?ikterus bis auf 33 % sinkt, erlaubt keine zuverl?ssige pr?operative Differenzierung zwischen einem Carcinom und einer chronischen Pankreatitis. Ein postoperativ erh?hter CA-19–9-Serumspiegel weist auf persistierendes Tumorgewebe hin und ist mit einer statistisch signifikant schlechteren Prognose als bei normalen Marker verbunden. Schlüsselw?rter: Pankreascarcinom – CA 19–9.

---

Summary. In 96 patients (ductal pancreatic carcinoma, n = 34; periampullary carcinoma, n = 43; chronic pancreatitis, n = 19) the role of CA 19–9 in the diagnosis of lesions of the head of the pancreas were evaluated. The sensitivity for ductal pancreatic carcinoma was 73.3 %, for periampullary carcinoma 48.8 %, and specificity was 63.2 %. Carcinoembryonic antigen was elevated only in every fifth patient. Even when combining the two tumor markers no increase in sensitivity could be observed. The low specificity of 63 %, which decreased to 33 % in the case of obstructive jaundice, does not allow adequate preoperative differentiation between cancer patients and those with chronic pancreatitis. In cases of postoperatively elevated CA 19–9 level the prognosis is worse than in patients with normal tumor markers.

     

Metastatic prostate cancer with elevated serum levels of CEA and CA19-9

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is well known as a specific tumor marker for prostate cancer, but carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)- and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9)-elevating adenocarcinomas originating in the prostate gland are rare. We report a case of metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland with a high serum level of CEA and CA19-9 in a 78-year-old man in whom prostate cancer (T3N1M1) had been diagnosed 2 years ago and who was treated with androgen deprivation therapy. He visited the emergency department because of a loss of appetite and abdominal pain. The serum CEA and CA19-9 levels were increased to 218.9 ng/mL (normal, <5 ng/mL) and 212 ng/mL (normal, <27 ng/mL), respectively. The serum PSA level was slightly elevated (4.41 ng/mL). Computed tomography demonstrated multiple liver metastases, para-aortic lymph node enlargement, and lung metastases. A liver biopsy was performed and the specimen showed high-grade adenocarcinoma with focal positive staining for PSA. Despite chemotherapy with docetaxel, the patient died 3 months after treatment. Based on this case and a review of the literature, an aggressive variant of prostatic carcinoma with a high serum level of CEA and CA19-9 and a low PSA level was shown to progress rapidly with a poor prognosis.