3T磁共振增强全心冠状动脉成像技术临床应用价值

目的 探讨自由呼吸导航门控3 T磁共振增强全心冠状动脉三维成像技术临床应用可行性及其价值.方法应用自由呼吸导航3 T磁共振增强全心冠状动脉三维成像方法对临床疑似冠心病患者行全心冠状动脉成像,增强采用钆贝葡胺注射液(0.2 mmol/kg)静脉缓慢注射,流率0.3ml/s.数据经后处理获得冠状动脉主要分支图像,评价图像质量,并以选择性冠状动脉造影检查结果为参照标准,采用9段划分法评价冠状动脉主要分支的有意义狭窄(＞50%),判断磁共振增强冠状动脉成像对冠心病的诊断准确性及其价值.结果26例病例中23例顺利完成磁共振检查,平均扫描时间为(10.4±2.1)min.选择性冠状动脉造影显示的202个节段中,磁共振增强冠状动脉成像显示可评价节段178个(88.1%),以近、中段图像质量较好.与选择性冠状动脉造影比较,磁共振增强冠状动脉成像在显示近段及中段可评价节段上差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).磁共振冠状动脉成像显示阳性9例,阴性14例.选择性冠状动脉造影显示11例阳性,12例阴性.磁共振冠状动脉成像有意义的狭窄总体诊断符合率91.3%(21/23),灵敏度81.8%(9/11),特异度88.5%(169/191),阴性预测值98.8%(9/31).结论自由呼吸导航门控3 T磁共振增强全心冠状动脉三维成像技术能够对冠状动脉近中段有意义的狭窄进行初步评估,一致性较好.但对冠状动脉远段及小分支狭窄的评估有一定限度.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the clinical application, feasibility and value of 3 T wholeheart contrast enhanced free-breathing navigator-gated three-dimensional coronary magnetic resonance angiography (CE-CMRA). Methods 3 T CE-CMRA was used to examine patients with suspected coronary heart disease (CAD). Gd-BOPTA(0. 2 mmol/kg) was injected intravenously with slow infusion rate(0. 3ml/s) to perform enhancement. Data were post-processed to obtain principal branches of coronary artery and picture quality was evaluated. According to results of selective coronary arteriography ( SCAG ), the diagnostic accuracy of CE-CMRA for diagnosing CAD was judged by means of detecting significant stenosis ( ＞50% ) of the principal branches based on the 9 segments of coronary artery. Results Twenty-three out of 26 patients successfully completed the examination. The mean scanning time was ( 10. 4 ± 2. 1 ) minutes,178 out of 202 (88. 1% ) SCAG demonstrated segments could be evaluated by CE-CMRA. The imaging quality was superior in proximal and middle segments of coronary artery principal branches than in distal segments. Based on patient-level, there were 9 positive cases and 14 negative cases examined by CE-CMRA compared with 11 positive cases and 12 negative cases examined by SCAG, respectively. The whole diagnose accordance rate of CE-CMRA was 91.3% (21/23)compared with SCAG. The sensitivity, specificity and negative predictive values were 81.8% (9/11), 88.5% (169/191) and 98.8% (9/31)respectively. Conclusions 3 T CE-CMRA is a feasible non-invasive imaging modality for diagnosing CAD,especially to detect significant stenosis in proximal and middle segments of coronary artery principal branches. However, the detecting efficacy is limited in assessing stenosis of distal segment and small branches of coronary artery.     

3T磁共振增强全心冠状动脉成像技术临床应用价值

Objective To investigate the clinical application, feasibility and value of 3 T wholeheart contrast enhanced free-breathing navigator-gated three-dimensional coronary magnetic resonance angiography (CE-CMRA). Methods 3 T CE-CMRA was used to examine patients with suspected coronary heart disease (CAD). Gd-BOPTA(0. 2 mmol/kg) was injected intravenously with slow infusion rate(0. 3ml/s) to perform enhancement. Data were post-processed to obtain principal branches of coronary artery and picture quality was evaluated. According to results of selective coronary arteriography ( SCAG ), the diagnostic accuracy of CE-CMRA for diagnosing CAD was judged by means of detecting significant stenosis ( ＞50% ) of the principal branches based on the 9 segments of coronary artery. Results Twenty-three out of 26 patients successfully completed the examination. The mean scanning time was ( 10. 4 ± 2. 1 ) minutes,178 out of 202 (88. 1% ) SCAG demonstrated segments could be evaluated by CE-CMRA. The imaging quality was superior in proximal and middle segments of coronary artery principal branches than in distal segments. Based on patient-level, there were 9 positive cases and 14 negative cases examined by CE-CMRA compared with 11 positive cases and 12 negative cases examined by SCAG, respectively. The whole diagnose accordance rate of CE-CMRA was 91.3% (21/23)compared with SCAG. The sensitivity, specificity and negative predictive values were 81.8% (9/11), 88.5% (169/191) and 98.8% (9/31)respectively. Conclusions 3 T CE-CMRA is a feasible non-invasive imaging modality for diagnosing CAD,especially to detect significant stenosis in proximal and middle segments of coronary artery principal branches. However, the detecting efficacy is limited in assessing stenosis of distal segment and small branches of coronary artery.     

3T磁共振增强全心冠状动脉成像技术临床应用价值

Objective To investigate the clinical application, feasibility and value of 3 T wholeheart contrast enhanced free-breathing navigator-gated three-dimensional coronary magnetic resonance angiography (CE-CMRA). Methods 3 T CE-CMRA was used to examine patients with suspected coronary heart disease (CAD). Gd-BOPTA(0. 2 mmol/kg) was injected intravenously with slow infusion rate(0. 3ml/s) to perform enhancement. Data were post-processed to obtain principal branches of coronary artery and picture quality was evaluated. According to results of selective coronary arteriography ( SCAG ), the diagnostic accuracy of CE-CMRA for diagnosing CAD was judged by means of detecting significant stenosis ( ＞50% ) of the principal branches based on the 9 segments of coronary artery. Results Twenty-three out of 26 patients successfully completed the examination. The mean scanning time was ( 10. 4 ± 2. 1 ) minutes,178 out of 202 (88. 1% ) SCAG demonstrated segments could be evaluated by CE-CMRA. The imaging quality was superior in proximal and middle segments of coronary artery principal branches than in distal segments. Based on patient-level, there were 9 positive cases and 14 negative cases examined by CE-CMRA compared with 11 positive cases and 12 negative cases examined by SCAG, respectively. The whole diagnose accordance rate of CE-CMRA was 91.3% (21/23)compared with SCAG. The sensitivity, specificity and negative predictive values were 81.8% (9/11), 88.5% (169/191) and 98.8% (9/31)respectively. Conclusions 3 T CE-CMRA is a feasible non-invasive imaging modality for diagnosing CAD,especially to detect significant stenosis in proximal and middle segments of coronary artery principal branches. However, the detecting efficacy is limited in assessing stenosis of distal segment and small branches of coronary artery.     

冠脉造影中发生急性缺血事件的左主干病变的分析

目的分析冠状动脉造影中出现急性心肌缺血事件的左主干病变患者的临床和冠脉病变特点。方法121例患者经冠脉造影证实左主干管径狭窄≥50%。根据术中是否出现急性心肌缺血事件(心绞痛,心肌梗死,血压明显下降,严重心律失常如心动过缓、Ⅱ度或Ⅲ度以上房室传导阻滞、室性心动过速、室颤等)分为事件组(36例)和无事件组(85例)。结果事件组吸烟者比例(69.4%)高于无事件组(49.4%,P<0.05),心绞痛危险分层高,程度重,住院期间出现心血管并发症者明显多于无事件组(44.4%vs10.6%,P<0.005),死亡率高(19.4%vs1.7%,P<0.005)。事件组左主干开口病变多见,右冠脉向左冠脉形成的侧支循环少(11.1%vs28.2%,P<0.05),左主干狭窄程度高于无事件组(秩和检验,P<0.05)。结论冠脉造影中出现心肌缺血并发症的左主干病变患者是一组高危人群,住院并发症多,死亡率高,左主干狭窄程度重,侧支循环少,应及早行冠状动脉血管移植术(CABG)。     

冠脉CT血管造影对疑难胸痛患者的诊断价值

目的：探讨冠脉CT血管造影（CCTA）对疑难胸痛患者的诊断价值。方法：对于经过包括心电图、心脏彩超、运动试验、心肌坏死标志物等检查的胸痛筛查流程,仍难以确诊的93例胸痛患者,先后进行64排螺旋CT的cCTA和冠脉造影检查,以明确诊断,了解临床拟诊和CCTA对冠心病诊断的敏感性,特异性和诊断的准确性。结果：以冠脉造影检查对冠心病的诊断为标准,临床拟诊对冠心病诊断的敏感性,特异性和准确性,分别是70．70%（53／75）,40．4％（8／18）和84．1％（53／63）;CCTA对冠心病诊断的敏感性,特异性和准确性,分别是97．3％（73／75）,85．7％（12／14）,和92．4％（73／79）。结论：对于疑难胸痛患者的诊断,冠脉CT血管造影有重要价值,又是无创的,可优先采用。     

缺血性心肌病92例分析

目的:探讨缺血性心肌病患者的临床特征。方法:对92例缺血性心肌病患者的临床和冠状动脉造影资料进行综合分析。结果:合并血脂异常63例(68．5％),高血压59例(64．1％),2型糖尿病27例,有脑梗死病史者22例。所有病例均并发各种心律失常,以传导阻滞和室性心律失常多见。均伴随不同程度的心力衰竭,冠状动脉造影均有冠脉狭窄,73．2％为多支血管病变。结论:缺血性心肌病患者冠状动脉病变广泛,超声心动图和冠状动脉造影对缺血性心肌病诊断具有决定性价值。     

冠状动脉细小分支瘘的血管造影诊断与治疗

目的 :探讨冠状动脉细小分支瘘的选择性冠状动脉造影和介入治疗价值。方法 :12例冠状动脉细小分支瘘患者均行选择性冠状动脉造影 ,3例行介入治疗 ,6例于体外循环下行冠状动脉瘘修复术。结果 :12例冠状动脉细小分支瘘中 ,发生于右冠状动脉者 5例 (41 7% ) ,发生于左冠状动脉者 7例(5 8 3% ) ,其中前降支 3例 ,左回旋支 3例 ,同时源于左前降支和左回旋支者 1例。在这 12例中 ,发生冠状动脉 肺动脉瘘者 6例 (5 0 % ) ,瘘入右房者 3例 (2 5 % ) ,瘘入左房者 2例 (16 7% ) ,瘘入右室 1例(8 3% )。 3例行介入治疗患者 ,经 6个月随访观察 ,未见异常改变。结论 :选择性冠状动脉造影是诊断冠状动脉细小分支瘘的最佳方法。在治疗方面 ,目前除手术治疗外 ,介入治疗亦是一种较好的手段     

平板运动试验对冠心病的诊断价值

目的：对照平板运动试验（TET）与冠状动脉造影（CAG）的结果,评价TET对冠心病的辅助诊断价值。方法：随机选取武汉大学人民医院心内科2007年6月至2008年12月收治的临床拟诊为冠心病,行CAG并于CAG前10d内已行TET检查的患者192例,以CAG为诊断冠心病的“金标准”,对比TET与CAG结果,分析TET的敏感性和特异性等指标,并对影响TET结果的各项临床资料进行统计学分析。结果：①CAG检查确诊冠心病107例,测得TET诊断冠心病敏感性为78．5％,特异度为69．4％,符合率为74．5％。假阳性30．6％,假阴性21．5％;②双支、三支冠脉病变的TET敏感性（83％,95．2％）均明显高于单支病变（64．1％,P〈0．05）。结论：TET诊断冠心病的敏感度和特异度较高,尤其对于存在多支血管病变的患者;可作为冠心病临床诊断、评估预后的首选无创检查项目。     

磁共振心肌灌注延迟增强与核素心肌灌注/代谢显像识别存活心肌对比研究

目的应用磁共振成像心肌灌注延迟显像(DE-MRI)所显示的高信号识别存活心肌和瘢痕组织,通过与99Tcm-甲氧基异丁基异腈(MIBI)单光子发射型计算机断层(SPECT)和18F-脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)SPECT进行对比研究,评估其诊断的敏感性和特异性,并分析两种方法的一致性。方法34例临床确诊的心肌梗死患者,拟行再血管化手术治疗。男性29例,女性5例,年龄(58.0±9.8)岁,接受心脏MRI及SPECT灌注/代谢显像检查。两种方法各划分5个等级,依据17节段分析法,分析34例患者共578个节段,并对两种评价心肌存活的方法行一致性分析。结果DE-MRI判断存活心肌431段(74.6%),坏死心肌147段(25.4%)。SPECT灌注/代谢显像诊断正常心肌336段(58.1%),坏死心肌212段(36.7%),缺血心肌30段(5.2%)。两种方法半定量分析显示一致性较好,Kappa值为0.51(>0.4)。以节段为单位,DE-MRI的敏感性为61.3%,特异性为95.4%。结论DE-MRI能够有效地识别存活心肌和瘢痕组织,并与18F-FDGSPECT一致性较好。     

90例选择性冠状动脉造影分析

目的：探讨选择性冠状动脉造影在冠心病诊断及治疗中的价值。方法：对心肌梗塞、典型心绞痛、不典型心绞痛患者共90例进行选择性冠状动脉造影，并对结果进行分析。结果：冠脉造影阳性率：心肌梗塞组占100％，典型心绞痛组占79．2％，不典型心绞痛组占37．5％。心肌梗塞组及典型心绞痛组与不典型心绞痛组比较，冠脉造影阳性率差异非常显著（P〈0．01），心肌梗塞组与典型心绞痛组比较阳性率无显著差异（P〉0．05）。结论：冠状动脉造影不仅是诊断冠心病的“金标准”，而且有益于冠心病的分型和指导治疗。     

血浆氨基末端脑钠肽前体水平评价冠心病严重程度的价值

目的观察冠心病患者血浆氨基末端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)水平变化,探讨血浆NT-proBNP水平评价冠心病严重程度价值。方法选择住院治疗,并行冠状动脉造影的患者205例,LVEF 75%共182例,分为急性心肌梗死(AMI)组(41例),不稳定性心绞痛(UAP)组(85例),稳定性心绞痛(SAP)组(40例)和正常组(16例);又根据冠状动脉造影分为单支病变组(52例)、双支病变组(49例)、多支病变组(64例)和零支病变组(40例)。采用Gensini积分法评价冠状动脉病变的狭窄严重程度,测定血浆NT-proBNP水平以及LVEF。结果AMI组和UAP组血浆NT-proBNP水平明显高于SAP组和正常组(P<0.05)。单支病变组、双支病变组和多支病变组血浆NT-proBNP水平明显高于零支病变组(P<0.05)。血浆NT-proBNP水平与LVEF呈负相关,与Gensini积分呈正相关。结论AMI和UAP患者血浆NT-proBNP水平明显升高,可能是冠心病危险分层的有效指标。     

磁共振延迟增强显像诊断心肌梗死的临床研究

目的 了解磁共振延迟增强(MR-DE)显像在心肌梗死诊断中的临床意义。方法 42例拟诊冠心病的患者,按临床分为心肌梗死、心肌缺血、正常3组,行MR-DE显像,其中25例行冠状动脉造影(CAG),并按冠脉狭窄程度分为狭窄<50％,50％～99％和100％3组。计算MR-DE检出心肌梗死的敏感性与特异性,并分别分析临床分组和CAG分组的MR-DE结果。结果 利用延迟增强判断心肌梗死,敏感性、特异性和诊断准确性分别为87.5％,94.1％和92.8％。出现延迟增强的比例,在临床分组中,分别为87.5％,8.7％和0％;在CAG分组中,分別为0％,50％和100％。结论 MR-DE显像对心肌梗死诊断有较高临床意义。     

心电图J／R比值对下壁心肌梗死并发房室阻滞的预测价值

目的探讨急性下壁心肌梗死早期心电图表现对高度房室阻滞的预测价值以及与冠状动脉病变的关系。方法分析97例急性下壁心肌梗死患者早期心电图（下壁导联）J／R≥0．5的发生情况，部分病例结合冠脉造影结果，探讨其对房室阻滞的预测价值。结果27例（21．6％）在心肌梗死急性期发生二度以上房室阻滞。有房室阻滞者，心电图下壁导联J／R≥0．5多于无房室阻滞者（69．56％vs30．44％，p〈0．01）。冠状动脉造影显示，有房室阻滞者，右冠状动脉近中段的高度狭窄明显多于无房室阻滞者（100％vs58．33％）。结论急性下壁心肌梗死伴房室阻滞者的病损冠脉以右冠状动脉多见，下壁导联心电图J／R≥0．5对下壁心肌梗死合并房室阻滞的发生有一定的预测价值。     

Comparison of the angiographic myocardial blush grade with delayed‐enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance for the assessment of microvascular obstruction in acute myocardial infarctions

Background: Both myocardial blush grade (MBG) and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) are imaging tools that can assess myocardial reperfusion after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Objectives: We studied the relation between MBG and gadolinium‐enhanced CMR for the assessment of microvascular obstruction (MVO) in patients with acute ST‐elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated by primary PCI. Material and Methods: MBG was assessed in 39 patients with initial TIMI 0 STEMI successfully treated by PCI, resulting in TIMI 3 flow grade and complete ST‐segment resolution. These MBG values were related to MVO determined by CMR, performed between 2 and 7 days after PCI. Left ventricular (LV) volumes were determined at baseline and at 6‐month follow‐up. Results: No statistical relation was found between MBG and MVO extent at CMR (P = 0.63). Regarding MBG 0 and 1 as a sign of MVO, the sensitivity and specificity of these scores were 53.8 and 75%, respectively. In this study, CMR determined MVO was the only significant LV remodeling predicting factor (β = 31.8; P = 0.002), whatever the MBG status was. Conclusion: MBG underestimates MVO after an optimal revascularization in AMI compared with CMR. This study suggests the superior accuracy of delayed‐enhanced magnetic resonance over MBG for the assessment of myocardial reperfusion injury that is needed in clinical trials, where the principal endpoint is the reduction of infarct size and MVO. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in different stages of myocardial infarction using the contrast agent gadolinium-DTPA

We investigated 26 patients admitted to our catheterization laboratory with a diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. In each case acute revascularization was unsuccessful, but the diagnosis was confirmed by angiography. In 11 patients with an uncomplicated course of acute myocardial infarction magnetic resonance imaging was carried out within 7 days of the acute event. In three additional cases imaging was performed within 3 weeks, while a remaining 12 patients underwent studies more than 3 weeks after the onset of symptoms. We determined signal intensity at three points within the area of infarction and at three other points in adjacent myocardial tissue. Decreased signal intensity within the area of infarction was present in native scans in 60% of all cases. Application of 0.1 mmol/kg body weight gadolinium-DTPA was followed by an average 70% increase in signal intensity within zones of acute infarction, as compared to a 20% increase in surrounding myocardial tissue. In cases of subacute and chronic infarction there was no significant signal enhancement after administration of gadolinium-DTPA. Uptake of gadolinium-DTPA in the area of acute myocardial infarction may be a positive marker of acute myocardial necrosis, which may be of potential clinical benefit.     

碎裂QRS波与冠心病患者冠状动脉病变程度的关系研究

目的探讨碎裂QRS(fQRS)波与冠状动脉病变程度的关系。方法入选经选择性冠状动脉造影诊断为冠心病患者93例,根据Gensini积分,分为A组(<40分)28例,B组(40～80分)35例,C组(>80分)30例,分析fQRS波与冠状动脉病变程度的关系。结果 Gensini积分越高,其心电图中fQRS波出现的导联数目越多。与A组比较,B组、C组fQRS波导联数目增多(P<0.05,P<0.01);与B组比较,C组fQRS波导联数目增多(P<0.05)。3组fQRS波出现的导联与冠状动脉病变供血区域的符合率分别为78.57%、88.57%和93.33%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 fQRS波的出现可作为预测冠状动脉病变程度的无创指标。     

DSCTCA联合MPI在冠心病诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨双源CT冠脉成像(DSCTCA)联合核素心肌灌注显像(MPI)于冠心病诊断中的应用价值。 方法选取2015年8月至2018年6月栖霞市人民医院疑似冠心病患者128例,均行DSCTCA、MPI检查,以冠脉造影检查结果作为金标准,对比单独与联合应用DSCTCA、MPI对冠心病的诊断灵敏度、特异性与准确性。 结果联合应用DSCTCA、MPI对冠心病的诊断灵敏度94.67%(71/75)均高于单独应用DSCTCA、MPI诊断,且准确性87.50%(112/128)高于单一应用MPI诊断,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。 结论DSCTCA、MPI均属冠心病重要影像学诊断方法,两者联合可提高冠心病诊断灵敏度及准确性,减少漏诊情况。     

Ischemic heart disease: value of MR techniques

Background. The cardiovascular applications of magnetic resonance (MR) techniques in coronary artery disease have increased considerably in recent years. Technical advantages of MR imaging are the excellent spatial resolution, the characterization of myocardial tissue, and the potential for three-dimensional imaging. These characteristics allow the accurate assessment of left ventricular mass and volume, the differentiation of infarcted from normal tissue, and the determination of systolic wall thickening and regional wall motion abnormalities. Methods. In addition to the conventionally used spin-echo and cine-echo techniques, newer techniques such as myocardial tagging, ultrafast MR imaging and MR coronary angiography have been developed. These newer techniques allow a more accurate assessment of ventricular function (tagging), myocardial perfusion (ultrafast imaging), and evaluation of stenosis severity (MR coronary angiography). Particularly early detection and flow assessment of stenosed coronary arteries and bypasses by MR angiography would constitute a major breakthrough in cardiovascular MR imaging. Apart from the MR imaging techniques, cardiac metabolism may be well assessed using MR spectroscopy. This provides unique information on the metabolic behaviour of the myocardium under conditions stress-induced ischemia. However, the definite niche of cardiac MR spectroscopy has still to be settled. Conclusion. Currently, MR techniques allow the evaluation of anatomy and function (accepted use), perfusion and viability (development phase), and coronary angiography (experimental phase). A particular strength of MR imaging is that one single MR test may encompass cardiac anatomy, perfusion, function, metabolism and coronary angiography. The replacement of multiple diagnostic tests with one MR test may have major effects on cardiovascular healthcare economics and would outweigh the cost inherent to the MR angiography procedure.     

ST段压低在急性左主干病变中的诊断价值

目的探讨ST段压低在急性左主干病变中的诊断价值。方法选取2000年1月～2007年3月间因急性心肌梗死住院的患者134例,经冠状动脉造影证实其中16例左主干病变(LMCA组)、85例前降支病变(LAD组)和33例右冠状动脉病变(RCA组)。患者入院即刻描记12导联心电图,分析各组患者ST段压低情况。结果单因素分析发现,II、III、aVF和V2～V6导联ST段压低在LAD和LMCA组间差异有统计学意义,II、III、aVL、aVF、V2和V6导联ST段压低在LMCA和RCA组间比较,差异有统计学意义。多因素判别分析结果表明,与LAD组相比,II、aVF和V2导联ST段压低对左主干病变有良好的诊断价值,敏感性31.3%,特异性可达98.8%,阳性预测价值83.3%;与RCA组相比时,aVF和V6导联ST段压低亦有良好的预测价值,敏感性62.5%,特异性和阳性预测价值均为100%。结论12导联心电图ST段压低在急性左主干病变诊断中有较高的特异性和阳性预测价值。