贵港市含密封源仪表应用状况及辐射水平调查

目的 为掌握贵港市工业企业中含密封源仪表应用状况及其周围辐射水平。方法 使用FD-3013型数字γ辐射仪,对贵港市企业中现用的39台含密封源仪表周围辐射水平进行监测。结果 39台含密封源仪表使用场所的泄漏射线量均符合国家标准(GB 16368-1996)的要求;工作场所、周围环境有效剂量当量率均未超过国家规定的对工作人员、公众导出的有效剂量当量限值。结论 加强对使用含密封源仪表的企业进行监督监测管理。     

天津市某石化企业50台含密封源仪表放射防护检测结果

目的了解天津市某石化企业含密封源仪表装置场所放射防护现状。方法按照国家标准对含密封源仪表的放射防护要求,使用便携式X、γ剂量率仪对含密封源装置周围辐射剂量水平进行测量。结果 50台含密封源仪表周围剂量当量率均满足国家标准要求。距源容器和探测器外表面5 cm处的最大剂量率值分别为11.54、5.87μSv/h,距源容器和探测器外表面100 cm处的最大剂量率值分别为1.17、3.68μSv/h。结论在正常工作状态下,企业含密封源仪表装置符合相关国家标准的规定,所产生的辐射污染基本不会影响到工作人员的身体健康。     

云南省烟草行业含密封源卷烟机辐射水平调查

目的掌握云南省烟草行业含密封源卷烟机应用状况及其辐射水平.方法对6个卷烟企业现用的含密封源卷烟机,在工作状态下进行辐射水平检测.结果含密封源卷烟机使用场所的泄漏射线量均符合国家标准(GBZ 125-2002)的要求,工作场所有效剂量当量率均未超过国家规定的对工作人员的有效剂量当量限值(＜10μSv·h-1).结论尽管使用有放射源的卷烟机是安全的,但仍应加强对使用含密封源卷烟机的企业进行监督监测管理.     

云南省部分含密封源仪表放射防护监测

目的通过对含密封源仪表辐射水平的监测,对其放射防护现状进行评价.方法对云南省工业企业含密封源仪表工作场所距放射源容器表面5和100cm处上下左右前后6个方向进行测量读数,并取期均值.结果按GBZ 125-2002标准进行评价.结果共监测131台含密封源仪表,其辐射剂量当量:距源容器表面5 cm为(12.93±20.55)μSv/h,距源容器表面100cm为(1.00±1.04)μSv/h.含密封源仪表辐射水平基本符合国家卫生标准.结论加强对含密封源仪表的放射防护安全管理,定期进行防护监测.     

焦作市含密封源仪表放射防护情况调查

目的 掌握焦作市含密封源仪表的应用状况、周围辐射水平,操作人员个人剂量水平及放射事故发生情况。方法 用统一的调查表逐户对含密封源仪表的应用状况进行逐项调查;使用FD-3013B伽玛辐射仪对全市含密封源仪表周围辐射水平进行监测;使用FJ-427 AI型热释光剂量仪和HW-Ⅴ型热释光精密退火炉进行个人剂量检测。结果 调查监测29家应用单位共244台含密封源仪表,其中17台(6.97%)超标。2000~2004年共监测含密封源仪表工作人员个人外照射剂量225人次,5年人均剂当量为0.23 mSv·a^-1。2000~2004共发生5起含密封源仪表放射源丢失事故,占同期放射事故的83%。结论 我市含密封源仪表辐射剂量水平大部分符合放射卫生防护标准,含密封源仪表操作人员外照射年剂量当量远低于年剂量限值。但水泥行业等使用含密封源仪表的单位易发生放射源丢失事故,应把这些单位作为监管重点,做好放射防护工作,杜绝放射事故的发生。     

聊城市含密封源仪表放射防护情况调查

目的 掌握聊城市含密封源仪表的应用状况、周围辐射水平、操作人员个人剂量水平及废源的处理情况。方法 对放射源的使用情况编制使用状况调查表进行逐项调查;使用FD-3013B型γ辐射仪对含密封源仪表周围辐射水平进行监测;使用FJ-427A型热释光剂量仪和FJ411A型热释光精密退火炉进行个人剂量监测。结果 对10家单位使用的53台含密封源仪表进行了调查监测,其中6台含密封源仪表的辐射水平超标准。同时,2001~2006年共监测含密封源仪表工作岗位的160名放射工作人员的照射剂量960人次,6年人均剂量当量为0.28mSv/a。结论 我市含密封源仪表辐射剂量水平大部分(88.68%)符合放射卫生防护标准,含密封源仪表操作的放射工作人员的外照射剂量当量远远低于年剂量限值。但某些单位的废源回收不及时,易留下安全隐患,这应引起监管单位和使用单位的密切重视,以防放射事故的发生。     

某煤化工企业放射防护控制效果评价

目的贯彻落实《中华人民共和国职业病防治法》关于职业病危害控制效果评价的规定,确定某煤化工企业煤基合成油项目生产运行过程中密封放射源产生的放射性职业病危害因素,评价放射性职业病危害因素的防护效果。方法利用现场调查法、检测检验法对该企业密封源产生的放射性职业病危害因素进行监测,对其防护措施进行调查。结果经现场监测,该煤化工企业密封放射源防护罩及探头表面最大剂量率为12.0μSv/h,1m处最大剂量率为1.19μSv/h,低于《含密封源仪表的放射卫生防护要求》(GBZ 125-2009)中表面25μSv/h和1 m处2.5μSv/h的剂量限值要求,并经个人剂量估算可得放射工作人员年个人有效剂量最大为0.07 m Sv。结论该煤化工企业煤基合成油项目采取的放射性职业病危害防护设施是有效的。     

某石化企业密封源的辐射防护监测与评价

为了解某石油化工企业密封源的辐射防护情况,我们监测了使用密封源的工作场所,并对结果进行辐射防护评价。结果显示,在正常工作情况下,距离源表面1 m外(作业人员工作场所)的监测结果最大值为1.83μSv/h,以年工作时间2000 h估算,该单位放射工作人员可能受到照射的年有效剂量为3.660 mSv,该值符合国家标准对放射工作人员岗位处的空气剂量当量率的规定;在正常运行工况下,密封源不会对周围环境及工作人员产生不良的辐射影响。     

2013年福建省99台核仪表放射防护检测结果分析

目的 为进一步了解和掌握我省含密封源仪表的放射防护情况。方法 依据国家标准GBZ 125-2009《含密封源仪表的放射卫生防护要求》和GB 18871-2002《电离辐射防护与放射源安全基本标准》对核仪表周围的辐射水平进行检测评价。结果 所检测的99台含密封源仪表离源容器外表面5 cm周围剂量当量率检测结果均值为(10.52±24.08)μSv·h^-1,距源容器外表面1 m周围剂量当量率检测结果均值为(2.12±6.11)μSv·h^-1。检测仪表使用场所要求对人员的活动范围不限制的为28台,占28.3%。结论 所检测的工作场所辐射水平符合国家标准中对源容器使用场所的放射防护要求,说明工作人员安全。     

某石化公司料位计工作场所放射防护现状分析

根据国家相关的法律法规和标准，通过调查分析、资料收集等方法，对某石化公司料位计工作场所进行放射防护现状评价。结果显示，该料位计距源容器外表面5 cm和1 m处周围剂量当量最大值分别为4.23 μSv/h和1.58 μSv/h，符合《含密封源仪表的放射卫生防护要求》（GBZ 125—2009）的规定。该公司采取的职业病危害放射防护设施、管理措施以及放射工作人员职业健康管理均符合相关法规、标准的要求。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.